Assessing the Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystems Nexus in Smart Irrigation: A Potato Farming Case Study in Lebanon

This study examines the Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystems (WEFE) nexus in Lebanese agriculture, with a focus on the shift from conventional surface irrigation techniques to advanced smart irrigation systems in the Bekaa region, specifically targeting potato cultivation. The study quantitatively analyzes the interaction among water, energy, and agricultural outputs at the farm scale using the WEFE Nexus framework for scenario analysis. It evaluates variations in water productivity, environmental effects, and economic outcomes, offering a detailed view of existing practices and their sustainable improvement potential. The WEFE Nexus assessment demonstrates that smart irrigation integration significantly decreased resource usage: water consumption was reduced by 58%, diesel fuel use for irrigation dropped by 57%, and the demand for labor and fertilizers decreased by 47% and 49%, respectively. This change led to enhanced crop yields and increased resource efficiency, demonstrating the potential of smart irrigation as a transformative strategy for sustainable agriculture in Lebanon and other arid areas. Economic analysis showed that farmers could recover the costs of installing the smart irrigation system within 3 months. The findings highlight the need for further research on integrating smart irrigation with renewable energy, showing potential for sustainable agricultural development. .

Study on Ecological Compensation Policy among the Micro Subjects on Water Energy Resources Development

The subjects of ecological compensation involve the nation, society, development enterprises of wa-ter-energy resources, as well as the location of resource itself. This paper systematically studies on how to make “water energy sources market compensation policy”, “the economic compensation policy for relevant interest subjects” and “the ecological compensation policy of basin ecological water.” So, it is necessary to exert the complementary function between market compensation and government compensation by the means of economic compensation and to establish the ecological compensation policy of basin ecological water, which is beneficial to coordinating the stakeholders’ interests of cross-region or inter-basin. And it is important and significant to establish constantly perfected ecological compensation policy among the micro subjects on water energy resources development, so as to coordinate interest relationships among various subjects and finally reach the aim of sustainable use of water energy resources and environmental protection as possible.

A Quantitative Assessment Framework for Water, Energy and Food Nexus

This paper presents a quantitative assessment framework of the Water, Energy and Food (W-E-F) nexus. The proposed approach allows integrated quantitative assessments by considering all the W-E-F intersectoral linkages and the competing demand for W-E-F resources to evaluate future development scenarios. Firstly, the conceptual model adopted for the proposed framework is presented. Secondly, a detailed methodological framework is introduced to serve as W-E-F nexus evaluation and planning platform. At the practical level, the model is applied to evaluate the W-E-F nexus in Lebanon. Finally, the conclusions and further developments are presented.

Creating a Research Enterprise Framework for Transdisciplinary Networking to Address the Food-Energy-Water Nexus

Urbanization,population growth,and the accelerating consumption of food,energy,and water(FEW)resources bring unprecedented challenges for economic,environmental,and social(EES)sustainability.It is imperative to understand the potential impacts of FEW systems on the realization of the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)as the world transitions from natural ecosystems to managed ecosystems at an accelerating rate.A major obstacle is the complexity and emergent behavior of FEW systems and associated networks,for which no single discipline can generate a holistic understanding or meaningful projections.We propose a research enterprise framework for promoting transdisciplinarity and top-down quantification of the interrelationships between FEW and EES systems.Relevant enterprise efforts would emphasize increasing FEW resource accessibility by improving coordinated interplays across sectors and scales,expanding and diversifying supply-chain networks,and innovating technologies for efficient resource utilization.This framework can guide the development of strategic solutions for diminishing the competition among FEW-consuming sectors in a region or country,and for minimizing existing inequalities in FEW availability when a sustainable development agenda is implemented.

Application of Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Food and Water Security in the Semi-Arid Turkana County, Kenya

Weather extremes negatively affect socioeconomic developments in arid and semi-arid areas (ASALs) and increase vulnerability of residents to food and water insecurity. Thus, communities adapt to such extremes of weather using Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) and/or Modern Technologies. Modern farming technologies and land resource developments in ASALs have in past ignored TEK, and in most cases led to undesired outcomes. It’s against this backdrop that this study was conceived to assess TEK among the Turkana people, its application and contribution to food and water security. The research adopted a cross-sectional social survey in collecting data from Central Turkana Sub-County residents. The study revealed that the Turkana people possess vast knowledge related to their environment;that this TEK plays a significant role in food production, preservation and in natural resource management. For instance, in 82% of the respondents use TEK in enhancing livestock production through the selection of livestock species that are suitable and drought tolerant;over 70% of them use TEK in reducing risk associated with livestock losses due to prolonged droughts. Further, TEK influenced the development and conservation of the water resources (r = 0.631;p < 0.01) including siting boreholes and wells. There was a strong correlation (r = 0.755;p < 0.01) between TEK and food security. TEK should be incorporated into the decision-making processes involving development projects within the ASALs.

Evaluation of Technology Change Effects on Quantitative Assessment of Water, Energy and Food Nexus

The quantitative assessment framework of the water, energy and food (WEF) nexus proposed by [1] permits the analysis of the WEF as an interconnected system of resources that directly and indirectly affect one another. The model performs simulation of policy options and scenarios that respond to quantitative variations of the use of WEF resources. One of the key outcomes of the mathematical formulation of the model is the WEF nexus intersectoral technology matrix. In order to take advantages and analyzing policy options of adopting high efficient intersectoral use technologies, WEF intersectoral use intensities and intersectoral allocation coefficients are introduced to the technology matrix of the nexus model proposed in [1]. The developed method is then applied to evaluate the WEF nexus case study of Lebanon. Lastly, the conclusions and further developments are presented.

Water-Energy-Food Nexus: A Coupled Simulation and Optimization Framework

Water, Energy and Food (WEF) nexus systems are developed to model and analyze interactions across and between WEF sectors. WEF nexus simulation models permit evaluating the direct and indirect WEF quantitative interaction effects in response to change of technology and/or demand. Optimization models can help to find the optimal combinations of WEF nexus system policy options and parameters that lead to the best performance of the system. This paper describes a framework for integrating quantitative WEF nexus simulation model (the Q-Nexus Model) with an optimization tool, which will give policy makers the ability to compromise best policy options based on WEF nexus simulator. The developed method is then applied to the numerical experiment and the results are discussed. Lastly, the conclusions and further developments are presented.

Measurement of the Thermic Effect of Food in a Chinese Mixed Diet in Young People

Objective To determine the thermic effect of food(TEF)in a Chinese mixed diet in young people.Methods During the study,the participants were weighed and examined for body composition every morning.The total energy expenditure(TEE)of the participants was measured by the doubly labeled water method for 7 days,and during this period,basal energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry and physical activity energy expenditure was measured by an accelerometer.The value obtained by subtracting basal energy expenditure and physical activity energy expenditure from TEE was used to calculate TEF.Results Twenty healthy young students(18–30 years;10 male)participated in the study.The energy intake of the participants was not significantly different from the Chinese Dietary Reference Intake of energy(P>0.05).The percentage of energy from protein,fat and carbohydrate were all in the normal range.The intakes of fruits,milk and dietary fiber of the participants were significantly lower than those in the Chinese Dietary Guidelines(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the body weight of the participants during the experiment(P>0.05).When adjusted for body weight,there was no significant difference in either TEE or basal energy expenditure between the male and female participants(P>0.05).In addition,there was no significant difference in physical activity energy expenditure and TEF between the male and female participants(P>0.05).The percentage of TEF in TEE was 8.73%.Conclusion The percentage of TEF in TEE in a Chinese mixed diet in young people was significantly lower than 10%(P<0.001).A value of 10%is usually considered to be the TEF in mixed diets as a percentage of TEE.

水资源-能源-粮食-生态系统耦合协调及驱动力分析

为加深对我国水资源、能源、粮食、生态系统协同演变趋势的认识,构建水资源-能源-粮食-生态多维系统指标体系,运用耦合协调度模型对我国2005—2020年水资源-能源-粮食-生态系统耦合协调度进行评价,并采用多因素归因分析法进行驱动力分析。结果表明:我国水资源-能源-粮食-生态系统耦合协调度从2005年的0.55增长到2020年的0.84,各地区耦合协调度从勉强协调发展水平过渡到中级协调发展水平,各子系统对耦合协调度上升的驱动分别经历了由粮食子系统到生态子系统再到水资源子系统主导的过程;能源子系统的贡献率虽然比较小,但是未来可能是各地区提升水资源-能源-粮食-生态系统多维系统协调发展水平的突破口。

2000-2020年黄河流域水-能源-粮食系统耦合协调时空演变特征

[目的]探讨黄河流域水—能源—粮食系统的耦合协调时空演化特征,可为定量评估流域高质量发展和区域可持续发展提供科学依据。[方法]通过耦合协调度模型分析水—能源—粮食系统的综合发展水平和耦合协调特征,并利用灰色关联度对各子系统内部指标进行排序,进而判断对水—能源—粮食系统耦合协调度的影响程度。[结果](1)黄河流域水—能源—粮食系统的综合发展指数呈上升趋势,水资源子系统波动幅度最大。(2) 2000—2020年黄河流域水—能源—粮食系统耦合协调度从初级协调向良好协调阶段发展;不同省区间的系统耦合协调发展水平差异较为明显,整体上可表现为上游地区>中下游地区。(3)各子系统与系统耦合协调度的影响程度排名可表示为水资源子系统>粮食子系统>能源子系统,其中水资源子系统内部指标与系统耦合协调度关联度均在85%以上,水资源子系统相对其他子系统的严格管理尤为重要。[结论]水—能源—粮食系统的耦合协调发展水平有待提高,为促进系统协调发展和流域高质量发展应综合考虑各子系统的相互作用关系。

中国水-能-粮耦合系统协同安全发展战略研究

水是水-能-粮(WEF)耦合系统的核心要素,为保障国家粮食和能源安全,必须加强水资源管理,坚持水资源、能源和粮食协同安全发展。在系统总结国内外WEF耦合系统纽带关系研究进展、科学认识WEF基本内涵的基础上,分析了我国各省份水资源、能源、粮食开发利用过程中存在的问题,揭示当前WEF耦合系统发展面临的能源需求持续增长与能源安全结构性矛盾日益凸显、不稳定因素加剧粮食安全风险、资源不匹配带来水资源约束趋紧、高质量发展对水-能-粮-生提出更高要求四大挑战,围绕区域特点和高质量发展目标,针对性提出了区域可持续发展模式与策略。研究建议,在西北资源富集地区,通过“四水四定”、水权交易及调水工程缓解水资源短缺;在京津冀地下水超采区,优化粮食安全布局,强化水与能源协同调控;在东北粮食增产区,拓展粮食生产空间,保护水资源合理开发利用;在南方水资源丰沛区,深化农业供给侧结构性改革,统筹“水风光储”一体化开发,以期为实现绿色低碳的可持续发展路径提供科学支撑与决策参考。

基于投影寻踪模型的水-能源-粮食-人口系统安全评价

河北省作为京津冀城市圈中不可或缺的一部分,其水、能源、粮食、人口等资源安全稳定对于整个区域经济和社会的发展尤为重要。为了深入了解河北省水-能源-粮食-人口系统的安全状况,将人口因素纳入水-能源-粮食系统进行分析,构建水-能源-粮食-人口系统的安全评价指标体系,运用基于麻雀算法改进的投影寻踪模型对河北省2010—2019年水-能源-粮食-人口系统安全进行时空演变综合评价。结果表明:在研究期,河北省水-能源-粮食-人口系统安全等级逐渐升高,各市的水-能源-粮食-人口系统安全差异性降低;河北省各市水-能源-粮食-人口系统安全等级值在1.32~3.95之间,说明该系统安全处于不安全、亚安全、安全3个等级。建议河北省根据自身资源优势,合理分配资源,实现水、能源、粮食和人口的协调发展。

国内外“水-能源-粮食”纽带关系研究的发展现状与热点分析

当今,为了缓解水、能源、粮食3种资源供需矛盾对国际社会造成的沉重压力,从而促使对“水-能源-粮食”纽带关系的探究成为了国际学术界一项热门的研究课题。为了把握国内外“水-能源-粮食”纽带关系研究的发展脉络,以便能够为未来的“水-能源-粮食”纽带关系研究提供科学的理论依据和研究建议,本文决定将Web of Science核心合集数据库与中国知网(CNKI)数据库作为数据来源,利用VOSviewer和CiteSpace计量软件对以往的“水-能源-粮食”纽带关系研究进行梳理,通过对该研究领域所涉及的文献数量、作者合作情况、国家合作情况等信息的可视化呈现,以突发关键词为重点,从时间维度角度来探究“水-能源-粮食”纽带关系研究的发展概况与变化趋势。研究结果表明:1)2010—2022年对“水-能源-粮食”纽带关系的研究已受到国内外学术界的一致重视,论文发文数量呈现出持续增长的趋势,并且各研究国之间均存在着较为密切的合作关系。2)可持续发展、气候变化、治理、研究模型是以往研究文献中出现次数较多的关键词,不但反映出对“水-能源-粮食”纽带关系研究要基于可持续发展的前提之下,而且还拓宽了该纽带关系的研究范围、研究视角、研究方法。3)2010—2022年对“水-能源-粮食”纽带关系的研究已经从纽带关系的内部机制拓展至纽带关系的外部环境,研究方法也由较多的定性分析转向了定量化的模拟预测分析。4)经关键词时间线演进趋势和突现强度分析表明,当前学术界对于“水-能源-粮食”纽带关系的研究已呈现出由初步探索向着纵深解析的转变,并且新的研究方法已被学术界广泛应用于对“水-能源-粮食”纽带关系的探索之中。

黄河流域水-能源-粮食关联系统协同安全时空特征及驱动因素

水、能源、粮食是实现黄河流域国家战略的关键要素与有力支撑。在分析水-能源-粮食关联系统协同安全机理的基础上构建协同安全度评价指标体系,基于2000-2019年黄河流域85个地级市面板数据,采用改进的耦合协调度模型测度水-能源-粮食关联系统的协同安全度,利用核密度函数、空间计量模型探讨其时空特征及影响因素。结果表明:①2000-2019年黄河流域水-能源-粮食关联系统综合安全水平总体表现为上升态势,空间上整体呈现从东向西递减的态势;②研究期内黄河流域水-能源-粮食关联系统协同安全度的空间差异变化较明显,空间格局由研究初期“下游>上游>中游”向研究末期“下游>中游>上游”演变;③社会发展水平、教育状况、创新投入水平和投资水平对协同安全度产生正向影响,经济运行水平、贸易水平和环境污染程度则产生负向影响。

高质量发展视角下京津冀地区WEF系统综合评价研究

为综合评价京津冀地区的高质量发展水平,从创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享等5个维度构建高质量发展评价指标体系,采用熵值-变异系数综合赋权法计算指标权重,利用线性加权法构建综合评价指数模型测度京津冀地区WEF系统高质量发展的水平,并基于灰色关联度模型探究影响WEF系统高质量发展的关键因子与维度。结果表明:2011—2021年京津冀地区WEF系统综合评价指数呈现上升趋势,空间尺度上3个省市的均值排序为北京市>河北省>天津市;京津冀地区WEF系统各维度指数表现出不同的时空特征,其中共享维度表现出下降趋势,创新维度的空间差异性最显著;粮食产量、生活耗能占比、万元GDP耗能量、生活用水量占比、第三产业耗能占比等指标是影响WEF系统高质量发展的关键因子,协调与共享是影响WEF系统高质量发展的关键维度,本研究可为区域资源高水平管理提供科学的理论依据。

专业群服务节能环保产业高质量发展的路径探究——以长江工程职业技术学院生态水利专业群为例

通过对湖北现代节能环保产业发展现状的分析,结合生态水利专业群的特点与优势,以长江工程职业技术学院为例探索高职院校生态水利专业群服务湖北现代节能环保产业高质量发展路径,从而提升高职院校服务地方经济的能力,为高职院校生态水利专业群的建设和发展提供参考。

基于能值-生态足迹的贵州高原典型喀斯特区域水资源可持续评价研究

【目的】深入剖析喀斯特地区水资源利用问题,从自然资源供应与需求关系辨析水资源利用状况,以期为喀斯特地区水资源高效开发利用与可持续发展提供科学依据和有益参考。【方法】生态足迹模型是生态经济学中测量人类社会资源消耗的经典方法,基于能量流的能值生态足迹模型是该领域研究的最新成果。本研究选取贵州高原典型喀斯特区域—南明河流域为研究对象,基于2010—2020年南明河流域的用水量、供水量等数据,运用能值水资源生态足迹模型系统地分析了南明河流域2010—2020年的水生态足迹、水生态承载力、水生态赤字和生态压力等变化情况。【结果】①2010—2020年,南明河流域水资源能值生态足迹年均值为1.080 hm^(2)/人,水资源能值生态承载力年均值为0.562 hm^(2)/人,水资源生态赤字明显,但整体呈逐年下降趋势;②南明河流域水资源生态压力指数年均值达2.004,处于亚安全状态,生态系统承受压力在较安全范围;③2010—2020年,南明河流域水资源生态经济协调指数年均值为1.345,接近最佳协调状态(1.414),水资源经济协调性整体较好。【结论】总体来看,南明河流域人均能值生态足迹、万元GDP和生态赤字呈逐年下降趋势,生态承载力、生态压力和生态经济协调指数呈现上下波动态势,水资源利用整体向好的方面发展。

我国东北生态系统服务供需匹配关系——基于水-能源-粮食纽带视角

水、能源和粮食是人类生存发展的必要基础物资,其供给均主要源于生态系统。随着全球气候变化和人类社会经济快速发展,基础资源需求量激增,生态系统服务供需关系趋于紧张。厘清生态系统服务供需匹配关系、优化基础资源配置对生态系统可持续、协调发展具有重要意义。当前生态系统供需关系研究已较为广泛,但基于水-能源-粮食纽带的生态系统服务研究还相对较为缺乏。因此,以东北地区为例,基于水-能源-粮食关系视角,首先,借助InVEST模型、供需指数(SDI)、Spearman相关性分析等方法分析了产水(WY)、固碳(CS)和粮食(FP)供需服务时空格局、相关性和空间匹配模式;其次,基于省级、市级、县级、流域、格网5种不同空间尺度,进一步探究了各服务的空间尺度效应,并确定资源管理的最优空间尺度;最后依据“分区控制-分类策略-分级治理”理念提出了一种水-能源-粮食集成管理方案和政策建议。研究结果表明:(1)2000—2020年,东北地区的供给服务中WY和FP为上升态势、CS为下降态势,就空间分布来看,WY和CS大致为“东高西低”,FP则是“西南、东北高,西北、东南低”;需求服务中WY、CS和FP均为上升态势,空间上大致呈“中间高四周低”分布。(2)WY和FP的SDI上升,CS则相反;不同尺度下的SDI具有空间异质性,县域尺度最为显著。(3)FP为主要功能分区,重点管控为主要分类,亟待全面提升生态系统服务供给能力。本研究对区域基础资源合理配置和可持续的生态系统管理具有重要科学参考价值和现实意义,同时对东北地区生态系统供需服务匹配以及水-能源-粮食纽带协同发展具有重要意义。

京津冀地区水-能源-粮食系统安全耦合协调发展特征评价

以京津冀地区为研究区域,选取28个代表性指标,利用层次分析法构建水-能源-粮食耦合安全综合指标体系,运用耦合协调度模型和障碍度模型分析2000-2020年水-能源-粮食系统耦合安全性和影响因素。研究结果表明:京津冀地区水安全、能源安全和粮食安全系统综合评价指数呈整体上升的趋势,其浮动范围为0.3~0.7;水-能源-粮食系统耦合协调度年际间均呈上升趋势,北京市耦合协调度最高,河北省耦合协调度较低;人均水资源量、废水中COD排放量、人均能源消费量和亩均农用机械总动力为京津冀地区主要障碍因子。未来北京应调整用水结构、挖掘节水潜力。天津市和河北省要注重优化能源消费结构,进行低碳技术创新,加大脱碳步伐,其中河北省农业发展需要进一步采取节水灌溉措施、减少农作物受灾面积。

绿色发展对水资源能源粮食系统的影响

水资源能源粮食系统协同发展是经济社会可持续发展的重要支撑。我国生态文明建设正处于压力叠加、负重前行的关键期,资源压力大、环境容量有限和污染物排放总量高之间矛盾突出,美丽中国建设任务依然艰巨。绿色发展作为新发展理念的重要组成部分,是生态文明建设的必然要求,是建设美丽中国的必由之路,以绿色发展为抓手把准我国资源环境问题的行动脉络,为水资源能源粮食管理实践提供了全新思路。从绿色发展对水资源能源粮食系统影响的内在机理出发,结合系统的复杂性和动态性特征构建系统动力学模型,诠释了绿色发展影响下水资源能源粮食系统的演变过程,并对不同绿色发展引导和约束政策成效和实施力度进行了仿真模拟。研究发现:绿色发展通过引导和约束主体行为实现经济社会环境和水资源能源粮食系统相协调,在保证社会经济系统稳定运行的基础上,绿色发展引导和约束政策的调整与实施能够促进水资源能源粮食系统降低资源消耗和减少污染排放,政府实施的政策强度不同所取得的效果也不同。在此基础上,结合区域资源禀赋及双碳目标,未来可进一步优化绿色发展约束性政策环境,加大绿色发展政策的实施强度以促进资源高效利用和污染存量降低,充分发挥绿色发展在资源管理中的政策效能。