Upwelling off the west coast of Hainan Island: sensitivity to wave-mixing

The coupled ocean atmosphere wave sediment transport(COAWST)modeling system is employed to investigate the role of wave-mixing playing in the upwelling off the west coast of Hainan Island(WHU).Waves,tides and sea surface temperature(SST)are reproduced reasonably well by the model when validated by observations.Model results suggest the WHU is tidally driven.Further investigations indicate that inclusion of wave-mixing promotes the intensity of the WHU,making the simulated SST become more consistent with remote-sensed ones.Dynamically,wave-mixing facilitates the“outcrop”of more upwelled cold water,triggering stronger WHU and leading to a three-dimensional dynamical adjustment.From the perspective of time,wave-mixing contributes to establishing an earlier tidal mixing front strong enough to generate WHU and that is,WHU may occur earlier when taking wave-mixing into consideration.

Synthesis of Poly[(3-octanoylpyrrole-2,5-diyl)-p-nitrobenzylidene] and Its Third-order Nonlinear Optical Property

A novel soluble π-conjugated polymer, poly[(3-octanoylpyrrole-2,5-diyl)-p-nitrobenzylidene] (POPNBE), was synthesized by a five-step reaction. As a result of introducing a long acyl to pyrrole at 3-position, the polymer can be easily solved in polar solvents and be processed into films. The chemical structures of the intermediates and POPNBE were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, and UV-Vis-NIR spectrometries. The absorption band in the range of 400-600 nm in the UV-Vis-NIR spectrum is due to the π-π * band gap transition. The optical band gap of POPNBE obtained from the optical absorption is about 1.72 eV. The resonant third-order nonlinear optical property of POPNBE at 532 nm was studied by using the degenerate four-wave mixing(DFWM) technique. The resonant third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of POPNBE is about 3.42×10 -8 esu.

Spectrum for heavy quarkonia and mixture of the relevant wave functions within the framework of Bethe-Salpeter equation

Considering the fact that some excited states of the heavy quarkonia (charmonium and bottomonium) are still missing in experimental observations and potential applications of the relevant wave functions of the bound states,we re-analyze the spectrum and the relevant wave functions of the heavy quarkonia within the framework of Bethe-Salpeter (B.S.) equation with a proper QCDinspired kernel.Such a kernel for the heavy quarkonia,relating to potential of the non-relativistic quark model,is instantaneous,so we call the corresponding B.S.equation as BS-In equation throughout the paper.Particularly,a new way to solve the B.S.equation,which is different from the traditional ones,is proposed here,and with it not only the known spectrum for the heavy quarkonia is re-generated,but also an important issue is brought in,i.e.,the obtained solutions of the equation ‘automatically’ include the ‘fine’,‘hyperfine’ splittings and the wave function mixture,such as S-D wave mixing in J PC = 1-states,P-F wave mixing in J PC = 2 ++ states for charmonium,bottomonium etc.It is pointed out that the best place to test the wave mixture probably is at Z-factory (e + e-collider running at Z-boson pole with extremely high luminosity).