Cosine-modulated window function-based staggered-grid finite-difference forward modeling

The numerical dispersion and computational cost are high for conventional Taylor series expansion staggered-grid finite-difference forward modeling owing to the high frequency of the wavelets and the large grid intervals. In this study, the cosine-modulated binomial window function （CMBWF）-based staggered-grid finite-difference method is proposed. Two new parameters, the modulated time and modulated range are used in the new window function and by adjusting these two parameters we obtain different characteristics of the main and side lobes of the amplitude response. Numerical dispersion analysis and elastic wavefield forward modeling suggests that the CMBWF method is more precise and less computationally costly than the conventional Taylor series expansion staggered-grid finite-difference method.

Optimized staggered-grid finite-difference operators using window functions

The staggered-grid finite-difference （SGFD） method has been widely used in seismic forward modeling. The precision of the forward modeling results directly affects the results of the subsequent seismic inversion and migration. Numerical dispersion is one of the problems in this method. The window function method can reduce dispersion by replacing the finite-difference operators with window operators, obtained by truncating the spatial convolution series of the pseudospectral method. Although the window operators have high precision in the low-wavenumber domain, their precision decreases rapidly in the high-wavenumber domain. We develop a least squares optimization method to enhance the precision of operators obtained by the window function method. We transform the SGFD problem into a least squares problem and find the best solution iteratively. The window operator is chosen as the initial value and the optimized domain is set by the error threshold. The conjugate gradient method is also adopted to increase the stability of the solution. Approximation error analysis and numerical simulation results suggest that the proposed method increases the precision of the window function operators and decreases the numerical dispersion.

Design of NPR-Type Cosine Modulated Filterbank Using Combinational Window Functions

This paper presents the design of near perfect reconstruction (NPR) cosine modulated filterbank (CMFB). The prototype filter is designed by the combinational window functions. These window functions provide high side-lobe-fall-off-rate (SLFOR) with better far-end attenuation which suppresses the undesired inter-ferences occur in the filterbank. A linear optimization is used to minimize the error parameters. Design ex-amples have been included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique over the earlier reported work.

Analysis of PC6 window function using fractional Fourier transform

Fractional Fourier transform(FRFT)is a linear transform generalizing Fourier transform(FT)that plays an important role in the field of signal processing and analysis.FRFT contains an adjustable parameterα,which it rotates the signal in the time frequency plane and represents the signal in an intermediate domain between time and frequency.FRFT provides a measure about the angular distribution of signal’s energy in time frequency plane.FT is a special case of FRFT when angleαis equal toπ/2.This paper presents mathematical model for obtaining FRFT of PC6 window function.The different parameters of this window function are also obtained with the help of simulation results.A comparison of window function parameters is presented using FT and FRFT.Also comparison of this window function with Hanning window function is presented in terms of Side Lobe Fall off Rate(SLFOR).For different values of FRFT order,PC6 window function shows variation in different parameters.Thus by changing the FRFT order,the minimum stop band attenuation of the resulting window function can be controlled.

Parameter Estimation of Sub-/Super-synchronous Oscillation Based on Interpolated All-phase Fast Fourier Transform with Optimized Window Function

In recent years,with increasing amounts of renewable energy sources connecting to power grids,sub-/super-synchronous oscillations(SSOs)occurred more frequently.Due to the time-variant nature of SsO magnitudes and frequencies,as well as the mutual interferences among SsO modes with close frequencies,the accurate parameter estimation of SsO has become a particularly challenging topic.To solve this issue,this paper proposes an improved spectrum analysis method by improving the window function and a spectrum correction method to achieve higher precision.First,by aiming at the sidelobe characteristics of the window function as evaluation criteria,a combined cosine function is optimized using a genetic algorithm(GA).Furthermore,the obtained window function is self-convolved to extend its excellent characteristics,which have better performance in reducing mutual interference from other SSO modes.Subsequently,a new form of interpolated all-phase fast Fourier transform(IpApFFT)using the optimized window function is proposed to estimate the parameters of SsO.This method allows for phase-unbiased estimation while maintaining algorithmic simplicity and expedience.The performance of the pro-posed method is demonstrated under various conditions,com-pared with other estimation methods.Simulation results validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.

Wavelet Variance Analysis of EEG Based on Window Function

A new wavelet variance analysis method based on window function is proposed to investigate the dynamical features of electroencephalogram(EEG).The exprienmental results show that the wavelet energy of epileptic EEGs are more discrete than normal EEGs, and the variation of wavelet variance is different between epileptic and normal EEGs with the increase of time-window width. Furthermore, it is found that the wavelet subband entropy (WSE) of the epileptic EEGs are lower than the normal EEGs.

Effect of the Energy Window Width on the Estimation of Renal Function from Dynamic Renal Scintigraphy with ^99mTc-MAG3

Objective: The width of the photopeak energy window influences the image quality and quantitative accuracy of gamma camera imaging. We compared 20% and 15% energy windows in renal scintigraphy with 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3), especially in terms of camera-based quantitative estimation of renal function. Materials and Methods: Forty patients who underwent dynamic renal scintigraphy with 99mTc-MAG3 were enrolled in this study. Images were acquired simultaneously using two energy windows centered at 140 keV and with widths of 20% and 15%. Fractional renal uptake was calculated as the ratio of initial renal uptake estimated by patient imaging to injected dose estimated by syringe imaging, and was converted to MAG3 clearance using an empirical equation determined previously from data obtained with a 20% energy window. Relative function of the right kidney was also assessed. Visual evaluation was performed to compare image quality between the 20% and 15% energy windows. Results: Both total kidney MAG3 clearance and relative function of the right kidney were identical between the 20% and 15% energy windows. Image quality was also similar irrespective of the energy window width. Conclusions: The camera-based method established using a 20% energy window is applicable for the estimation of renal function using a 15% energy window, and data obtained using 20% and 15% windows are interchangeable.

Theoretical analysis of adaptive harmonic window and its application in frequency extraction of vibration signal

The goal of this paper is to find an excellent adaptive window function for extracting the weak vibration signal and high frequency vibration signal under strong noise.The relationship between windowing transform andfiltering is analyzed first in the paper.The advantage of adjustable time-frequency window of wavelet transform is introduced.Secondly the relationship between harmonic wavelet and multiple analytic band-pass filter is analyzed.The coherence of the multiple analytic band-pass filter and harmonic wavelet base function is discussed,and the characteristic that multiple analytic band-pass filter included in the harmonic wavelet transform is founded.Thirdly,by extending the harmonic wavelet transform,the concept of the adaptive harmonic window and its theoretical equation without decomposition are put forward in this paper.Then comparing with the Hanning window,the good performance of restraining side-lobe leakage possessed by adaptive harmonic window is shown,and the adaptive characteristics of window width changing and analytical center moving of the adaptive harmonic window are presented.Finally,the proposed adaptive harmonic window is applied to weak signal extraction and high frequency orbit extraction of high speed rotor under strong noise,and the satisfactory results are achieved.The application results show that the adaptive harmonic window function can be successfully applied to the actual engineering signal processing.

基于优化窗函数改进S变换的低频振荡暂态检测方法

低频振荡暂态是电力系统中常见的一种电能质量扰动,其直接影响电力系统的安全、稳定运行。通过对影响时频分析算法检测精度的窗函数进行了研究,提出一种基于优化窗函数改进S变换的低频振荡暂态检测方法。首先,对时频分析算法中窗函数随检测频率变化的改变特性进行分析,确定了适用于低频振荡暂态扰动检测的优化窗函数,并利用其构造了改进S变换算法;其次,通过利用卷积定理、Fourier变换及其逆变换,推导了改进S变换算法快速实现的计算表达式,获取了包含信号幅值、相位信息的二维时频矩阵,给出了改进算法的实现流程;最后,采用包含低频振荡暂态扰动的电网信号对改进算法进行了测试。该优化算法对低频振荡暂态扰动表现出相对最佳的时频能量聚集性能,实际实验中所测得扰动中心频率为600 Hz,与扰动的生成频率相吻合,验证了改进算法的可行性和有效性。

Windowing Techniques, the Welch Method for Improvement of Power Spectrum Estimation

This paper revisits the characteristics of windowing techniques with various window functions involved,and successively investigates spectral leakage mitigation utilizing the Welch method.The discrete Fourier transform(DFT)is ubiquitous in digital signal processing(DSP)for the spectrum analysis and can be efciently realized by the fast Fourier transform(FFT).The sampling signal will result in distortion and thus may cause unpredictable spectral leakage in discrete spectrum when the DFT is employed.Windowing is implemented by multiplying the input signal with a window function and windowing amplitude modulates the input signal so that the spectral leakage is evened out.Therefore,windowing processing reduces the amplitude of the samples at the beginning and end of the window.In addition to selecting appropriate window functions,a pretreatment method,such as the Welch method,is effective to mitigate the spectral leakage.Due to the noise caused by imperfect,nite data,the noise reduction from Welch’s method is a desired treatment.The nonparametric Welch method is an improvement on the periodogram spectrum estimation method where the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)is high and mitigates noise in the estimated power spectra in exchange for frequency resolution reduction.The periodogram technique based on Welch method is capable of providing good resolution if data length samples are appropriately selected.The design of nite impulse response(FIR)digital lter using the window technique is rstly addressed.The inuence of various window functions on the Fourier transform spectrum of the signals is discussed.Comparison on spectral resolution based on the traditional power spectrum estimation and various window-function-based Welch power spectrum estimations is presented.

Windows9X下PC机与变频器的串行通信

介绍了在 Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ ９ｘ环境下，利用动态链接库技术，将Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ ＡＰＩ通信函数封装于动态链接库中，以适应ＰＣ机与变频器之间的串行通信。

Windows CE.NET环境下的流接口驱动程序开发

针对在WindowsCE.NET环境下进行驱动程序设计的难点及其设计时的具体特点和要求,主要介绍了基于WindowsCE的两种驱动模型,即本机驱动程序和流接口驱动程序,并重点对流接口驱动程序开发方法的4个方面进行了较为详细的探讨和描述。进而,以串行接口为例,给出了具体的开发过程和部分源代码,以便于在此基础上举一反三、有效地进行其他多种类型接口程序的开发及更为深入的研究。

Windows环境下的逻辑调色板及其应用

全面剖析了Windows操作系统处理色彩的关键”部件”－逻辑调色板的结构，简要说明了Windows操作系统提供的逻辑调包权操纵函数，详细论述了Windows应用程序创建和使用逻辑调色板，进而处理高质量图形图象的操作过程。

Performance analysis of fast GPS signal acquisition based on PMF and Window FFT

Combining the advantages of partial matched filter（PMF） and fast Fourier transform（FFT）,an improved fast acquisition method for GPS C/A code is proposed.According to PMF-FFT acquisition architecture,the greater the number of PMF will bring out the more slowly amplitude decreasing of the amplitude-frequency response,the smaller scale of the corresponding PMF,and the larger computation of the FFT.In order to compensate the frequency spectrum attenuation caused by spectrum leakage and fence effect,adding window function to PMF-FFT is presented.Through comparing the influences to the acquisition performance based on rectangular,Hamming,Blackman and Rife-Vincent（Ⅲ） window functions,an improved Rife-Vincent Ⅲ windowing algorithm is recommended for the fast acquisition based on PMF-FFT.

VB5.0中应用Windows API函数实施编程的策略

本文介绍了在ＶＢ５．０中，通过调用 Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ ＡＰＩ函数来实现对多媒体、图形设备的访问等，并详述了 ＡＰＩ函数的涵义及其使用方法，注意事项以及如何运用ＡＰＩ函数编写程序、优化程序，提高编程效率的典型实例．

Windows环境下动态链接库(DLL)程序设计

介绍了在 Windows平台下动态链接库的工作机制 ,详细讨论了使用动态链接库的编程方法 ,并给出了一个DL L 主函数的例子。

MS Windows兼容的系统芯片硬件核心的分析与实践

研究了开发MS Windows兼容的系统芯片硬件核心的方法。该方法在确保MS Windows兼容的前提下,通过多次模拟运行、逐步抽取的方式获得硬件核心基本系统功能规范。实验表明,相对于完整系统,该硬件核心的复杂度大幅度降低,同时表明不同MS Windows版本所需硬件核心有明显差别。此外,还在FPGA原型上验证了支持MSWindows 98的系统芯片硬件核心。

FFT Nuttall 窗四谱线插值修正谐波检测算法

利用传统傅里叶变换进行谐波信号分析时,由于很难严格做到同步采样,整周期截断,从而不可避免地产生频谱泄露与栏栅效应,降低了检测结果的精确性。为了提高检测结果精确度,在FFT(Fast Fourier Transformation)的基础上,对Hann窗、Blackman窗、Blackmanharris窗、Nuttall窗的四谱线插值算法进行了研究,通过多项式拟合推导出不同余旋窗四线插值对应的幅值、频率、相位的修正公式。并在Matlab上对不同余旋窗四线插值算法进行仿真实验,与对应余旋窗的三谱线插值算法进行对比分析,结果表明四项三阶Nuttall窗的四谱线插值算法幅值精确度可达到10^(-5)~10^(-9)数量级,频率精确度可达到10^(-8)~10^(-9)数量级,相位精确度可达到10^(-3)~10^(-7)数量级,与其它算法相比精确度更高,旁瓣性能更好,能更好地抑制频谱泄露与栏栅效应。

Authorware中Windows标准菜单的实现

介绍了在Authorware环境下,利用WindowsAPI函数实现Windows标准菜单的方法。所设计的标准菜单具有灵活性和使用方便等特色。

Windows下多线程的数据采集技术

介绍了电子万能材料试验机计算机改造项目中的数据采集技术 ,介绍了如何在Windows环境下驱动数据接口卡 ,以及利用多线程技术在Windows环境下实现高速、可靠的A D数据采集。