《自然杂志》风雨三十年

《自然杂志》自1978年5月创刊.至今已30周年。刊物的宗旨不变.即传播自然科学知识。提高科学素养。刊载文章主要由国内外相关领域的专家撰稿。深入浅出。图文并茂。既具有较高的学术性。又具有较强的可读性。本文编辑整理了《自然杂志》30年来的主要大事以及部分科学家(其中有约200位两院院士)发表文章的题名,以方便读者从一个侧面了解科学的发展。

《自然杂志》的封面设计及特色

杂志封面是读者在翻开杂志前得到的第一视觉信息。为适应新形势下杂志的发展需要,突出杂志自身风格的优势,《自然杂志》在2013年创刊35周年之际,对杂志的封面进行了全面的改版。回顾了《自然杂志》自创刊以来刊用的封面形式,重点阐述了新版封面的设计特色。

Tectonic framework of Qilian orogen: reveal from an aeromagnetic anomaly feature

The Qilian Orogenic belt is one of the typical orogenic belts globally and a natural laboratory for studying plate tectonics.Many researchers have studied the ophiolite and high pressure and ultra-high pressure metamorphic rocks in the Qilian orogen and obtained valuable achievements.However,a hot debate exists on the basement property,the distribution of ophiolite,and the boundaries of tectonic units.Large-scale high-precision aeromagnetic surveys have recently been conducted in the Qilian Orogenic belt and adjacent areas.In this study,we are trying to analysis the tectonic framework of the Qilian Orogen using 1:500,000 aeromagnetic data.The results provide geophysical perspectives for studying the structural framework and deformation of this area.According to the aeromagnetic∆T anomaly map,the central and Southern Qilian have the same magnetic anomaly feature that noticeably differs from the North Qilian Orogenic belt and the Qaidam Block.This result indicates that the central and Southern Qilian have a unified magnetic basement and differ from the North Qilian orogenic belt and Qaidam Block.The map shows the distribution of ophiolite in the North Qilian orogenic belt.Linear magnetic anomalies represent the ophiolites because the mafic–ultramafic rocks usually have high magnetic susceptibility.The ophiolite belts are continuously distributed in the western part of North Qilian orogenic belt and have a large scale.However,the scale of the ophiolite belt and the outcropping of mafic–ultramafic rocks reduces when they pass through Qilian County to the east.The results indicate differences in the evolution process between the eastern and western parts of North Qilian,with Qilian County as the transition zone.This study also systematically defines the geophysical boundaries of the Qaidam Block,Qilian Block,North Qilian Orogenic belt,and Alxa block.It is proposed that the sinistral displacement of the Altun Fault is adjusted and absorbed by the series of NE-trending faults in the Qilian orogen and merge into the Longshoushan–Gushi Fault.The extension of the North Qilian Orogenic belt is strengthened by the neotectonics movement along the shearing direction,which separated the North Qilian Orogenic belt into several segments and formed a series of northeast-trending faults.

A new species of the genus Lepidodens(Collembola:Entomobryidae)from Wuyanling National Nature Reserve,with description of larval chaetotaxy

The fifth species in the genus Lepidodens was reported from Wuyanling National Natural Reserve.Lepidodens taishunensis Lin,Wu&Pan sp.nov.is the second new species of this genus recorded from Zhejiang Province.This new species could be discriminated from others species in this genus by colour pattern,labial chaetae E and R ciliated,dorsal Abd.Ⅰ–Ⅲand centrodorsal Abd.Ⅳwith 2/4/7/8 macrochaetae.A detailed comparison among the five Lepidodens species,dorsal body chaetotaxy of larvae and key to species of the genus were provided.

Separation of halogens and recovery of heavy metals from secondary copper smelting dust

The separation of halogens and recovery of heavy metals from secondary copper smelting(SCS)dust using a sulfating roasting−water leaching process were investigated.The thermodynamic analysis results confirm the feasibility of the phase transformation to metal sulfates and to gaseous HF and HCl.Under the sulfating roasting conditions of the roasting temperature of 250℃ and the sulfuric acid excess coefficient of 1.8,over 74 wt.%of F and 98 wt.%of Cl were volatilized into flue gas.Approximately 98.6 wt.%of Zn and 96.5 wt.%of Cu in the roasting product were dissolved into the leaching solution after the water leaching process,while the leaching efficiencies of Pb and Sn were only 0.12%and 0.22%,respectively.The mechanism studies indicate the pivotal effect of roasting temperature on the sulphation reactions from various metal species to metal sulfates and the salting out reactions from various metal halides to gaseous hydrogen halides.

Electrical structure identification of deep shale gas reservoir in complex structural area using wide field electromagnetic method

To fully exploit the technical advantages of the large-depth and high-precision artificial source electromagnetic method in the complex structure area of southern Sichuan and compensate for the shortcomings of the conventional electromagnetic method in exploration depth,precision,and accuracy,the large-depth and high-precision wide field electromagnetic method is applied to the complex structure test area of the Luochang syncline and Yuhe nose anticline in the southern Sichuan.The advantages of the wide field electromagnetic method in detecting deep,low-resistivity thin layers are demonstrated.First,on the basis of the analysis of physical property data,a geological–geoelectric model is established in the test area,and the wide field electromagnetic method is numerically simulated to analyze and evaluate the response characteristics of deep thin shale gas layers on wide field electromagnetic curves.Second,a wide field electromagnetic test is conducted in the complex structure area of southern Sichuan.After data processing and inversion imaging,apparent resistivity logging data are used for calibration to develop an apparent resistivity interpretation model suitable for the test area.On the basis of the results,the characteristics of the electrical structure change in the shallow longitudinal formation of 6 km are implemented,and the transverse electrical distribution characteristics of the deep shale gas layer are delineated.In the prediction area near the well,the subsequent data verification shows that the apparent resistivity obtained using the inversion of the wide field electromagnetic method is consistent with the trend of apparent resistivity revealed by logging,which proves that this method can effectively identify the weak response characteristics of deep shale gas formations in complex structural areas.This experiment,it is shown shows that the wide field electromagnetic method with a large depth and high precision can effectively characterize the electrical characteristics of deep,low-resistivity thin layers in complex structural areas,and a new set of low-cost evaluation technologies for shale gas target layers based on the wide field electromagnetic method is explored.

Chrysosplenium fallax Koldaeva(Chrysosplenium),a newly recorded species from China

Chrysosplenium fallax Koldaeva,recently discovered and collected in Yanji,Jilin Province,repre-sents a newly recorded species of Saxifragaceae in China.This species,native to the Russian Far East,was first described as a new species in 2021.Based on precise field investigations and specimen examination,we provide a comprehensive description of C.fallax and its seed micromorphology.Phylogenetic analysis based on chloroplast genomes of 45 Chrysosplenium species confirmed the systematic position of C.fallax in Chrysosplenium.Voucher specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of South-Central Minzu University(HSN).

主编的策划组稿和科学家的支持是做强科技期刊的必要条件——谈谈《自然杂志》策划组稿实践与作者群分析

中国科技期刊正走在由期刊大国向期刊强国转化的道路上,认为做强科技期刊的必要条件之一是主编的策划组稿和科学家的支持。世界顶级刊物的主编主要时间都花在访问各国优秀科学家和寻访优秀稿件上;而拥有顶级刊物的条件之一是一流科学家的强力支持:提供高质量的学术论文。谈谈《自然杂志》在这两个方面的实践,以期抛砖引玉。《自然杂志》主编的策划主要关注科学突发事件和重大科学进展,落实组稿得到了科学家们的大力支持。因此,呼吁年轻的科学家们要向老一辈科学家学习,学习他们为科学普及'铁肩担道义,妙手著文章'的精神。

Teffichthys wui sp. nov., a new perleidid fish from the Early Triassic of Jiangsu and Anhui, China

Perleididae is a group of stem neopterygian fishes known only from the Triassic.Here,we report the discovery of a new perleidid,Teffichthys wui sp.nov.,based on six well-preserved specimens from the late Smithian(Olenekian,Early Triassic)marine deposits of Jurong,Jiangsu and Chaohu,Anhui,China.This new discovery documents the third and youngest species of Teffichthys,which is slightly younger than the Dienerian(Induan)T.elegans from Guizhou and the early Smithian T.madagascariensis from Madagascar.The new species shows diagnostic features of Teffichthys(presence of a spiracular,38-41 lateral line scales,and no more than three epaxial rays in the caudal fin)but differs from T.madagascariensis and T.elegans in some autapomorphies(e.g.,a horizontal opercle/subopercle contact and smooth scales with a nearly straight posterior margin).The diagnostic features for the genus Teffichthys and the family Perleididae are emended based on detailed comparisons of the new taxon with other perleidids.The phylogenetic relationships of perleidids with other stem neopterygians are discussed using a cladistic approach,and the results provide new insights into the phylogeny and classification of main stem neopterygian clades.

A new genus of galeaspids(jawless stem-Gnathostomata)from the early Silurian Chongqing Lagerstätte,China

The early Silurian Chongqing Lagerstätte(middle Telychian)yields exceptionally preserved articulated jawless and jawed fishes.Here,we describe a new eugaleaspiform(Galeaspida,jawless stem-Gnathostomata),Miaojiaaspis dichotomus gen.et sp.nov.,from the Chongqing Lagerstätte in Xiushan,Chongqing,China.The new form resembles Tujiaaspis vividus in the short medial dorsal canal,and the presence of the branching ends of the lateral transverse canal.They differ in that T.vividus has highly developed subordinate branches of the sensory canals that form a reticulate sensory canal system,and the median dorsal opening is more elongated.Our phylogenetic analysis recovers M.dichotomus and T.vividus as a monophyletic clade(Tujiaaspidae fam.nov.),which is supported by two synapomorphies:the short medial dorsal canal,and the branching ends of the lateral transverse canal.Tujiaaspidae forms a trichotomy with Shuyuidae and a clade comprising Anjiaspis,Sinogaleaspidae,Yongdongaspidae,and the‘eugaleaspid cluster’.The sensory canal patterns in galeaspids are compared to show the transformation sequence of the sensory canal system in Eugaleaspiformes.

科学传播要有对真善美的追求——谈《自然杂志》的选题策划

科普杂志是科学传播的重要媒介之一,承担着向公众普及科学知识、倡导科学方法、传播科学思想、弘扬科学精神的使命.以《自然杂志》为代表的高级科普杂志更要在科学传播过程中追求真善美：求真,要让最懂的人讲最真实的事;求善,选题策划要注重人文关怀;求美,要充分展示科学探索之美与科艺交融之美.

科学,探索自然奥秘

科研是我们探索自然奥秘、认识自然界的手段。最近,神舟八号飞船与天宫一号顺利完成对接,这对中国探索太空,进行空间科学试验意义非凡。通过科学研究,我们可以了解到地球内核的结构、成分以及形成历史,解读超冷水是如何形成冰的发现。

新成果修正着我们对自然界的认识

海洋亚表面温度升高证实了全球正在变暖，森林比陆地更能有效的减缓变暖趋势；利用新的“分子束外延”技术生的超导单晶薄膜的成功为揭开超导机制之谜提供了新的思路；互联网的存在并非使我们的记忆力变差，而是提供了一种交互记忆的途径以更好的方式组织大量可用信息；距今1．2亿年的蜥蜴孕妈妈的发现证明或许分娩方式不仅是哺乳动物的专利。科学发现不断地充实和修正着我们对环境、动物以及自身的认识。

多元化出版在科技期刊中的应用——以《自然杂志》为例

移动互联网技术的发展和人们阅读习惯的改变,为传统媒体的发展带来挑战,也为传统媒体探索多元化出版提供机遇。以《自然杂志》为例,探讨了多元化出版对科普期刊发展的重要性和必要性。自2013年以来,《自然杂志》不断尝试采用移动终端出版网络版杂志、富媒体出版、运营微信订阅号、选编'《自然杂志》科普撷英丛书'等多元化出版模式,稳定了杂志的发行量,扩大了期刊的读者群,提升了期刊的关注度和影响力,并获得了一定的社会效益和经济效益。事实表明,多元化出版有助于科技期刊尤其是科普类期刊良性发展。

《自然杂志》入选第三届中国精品科技期刊

2014年9月26日,国家科技部中国科学技术信息研究所公布第三届中国精品科技期刊遴选结果和2014年度＂领跑者5000——中国精品科技期刊顶尖论文（F5000）＂收录情况。《自然杂志》入选中国精品科技期刊,即中国精品科技期刊顶尖学术论文（F5000）项目来源期刊。

《自然杂志》入选2014年“中国最美期刊”

中国（武汉）期刊交易博览会主办的2014年度＂中国最美期刊＂遴选活动于近日公布结果。《自然杂志》凭借庄重、朴实、大方、得体的设计风格,荣膺2014年＂中国最美期刊＂称号。

鸣虫与城市自然保育

自然界中的任何一种生命都不能独立于生命共同体而生存。2010年——国际生物多样性年的主题“生物多样性是我们的生命”，言简意赅地表达了人类与生物多样性生死与共的关系。

四十不惑,不惑者何——写在《自然杂志》创刊40周年之际

自1978年5月创刊以来,《自然杂志》已走过40年的历程。念及《论语》中“四十而不惑”的话语,用以回首和展望亦是贴切的,尽管杂志的生命力可能比个人生命历程漫长和持久得多。所谓“不惑”,是指在办刊过程中,对《自然杂志》的办刊理念、定位与方向有了更明确的认识。回顾往昔,展望未来并重申“高级科普期刊”的办刊定位。

高级科普期刊组稿之要——《自然杂志》经典专题组稿成效分析

根据中国知网数据,统计分析2005—2017年《自然杂志》重要文章和专题组稿的被引次数和下载次数。结果表明,专题组稿和由院士、国家杰出青年科学基金获得者等高层次作者撰写的文章影响力远高于其他文章,对提升期刊的质量和影响力起了关键作用。为保持期刊的学术水平和影响力,高级科普期刊的组稿应关注重大科学研究计划和科学研究热点,向相关领域的专家约稿。