Research progress on the correlation between aqueous humor components and pathogenesis and postoperative complications in patients with different types of cataracts

Aqueous humor provides the necessary nutrition for the lens and transports the metabolites in the eye.It was a liquid that can directly reflect the microenvironment in the eye'and it can be easily obtained during the operation.This review intended to analyze the components of aqueous humor in patients with different types of cataracts'so as to reflect the pathogenesis and development of the disease'evaluate the incidence of postoperative complications and provide reference value for the surgical design of sequential cataract surgery.The aqueous humor components of different types of cataracts showed different degrees of inflammation'oxidative stress and extracellular matrix remodeling.The biomarker of early neuropathy in diabetic cataract was neural cell adhesion molecule-1(NCAM1).Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)was the evaluation factor of disease development in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome.The relationships between postoperative complications of different types of cataracts and aqueous humor components were as follows:Macular edema after diabetic cataract surgery was associated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha;capsular contraction after high myopic cataract surgery was related to monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)and TGF-β2;Klotho and glutathione S-transferase P 1(GSTP1)were associated with high intraocular pressure after primary open-angle glaucoma complicated by cataract surgery;capsular contraction after retinitis pigmentosa complicated by cataract surgery was associated with matrix metalloproteinases;pro-inflammatory cytokines and fibroblast growth factor 4 in the aqueous humor of congenital cataracts were associated with posterior capsular opacification after surgery.Granulocyte colony stimulating factor 3 and MCP-1 were the main cytokines mediating the pain of the second eye in the binocular sequential cataract surgery short interval(1 wk)'while MCP-1 mediated pain in the long interval(6 wk).The second eye after binocular sequential cataract surgery had a higher level of proinflammatory factors.The components of aqueous humor in patients with different types of cataracts were related to the pathogenesis and postoperative complications of the disease.Monitoring the components of the aqueous humor could help better understand the intraocular microenvironment of different types of cataracts and provide a reference for predicting the development of the disease and implementing relevant targeted therapy.

纳米给药系统在眼底疾病治疗中的研究进展

眼底疾病是全球导致患者视力严重受损甚至丧失的最主要原因,由于各种生理屏障使治疗药物难以进入眼底,严重影响了眼底疾病的治疗。纳米给药系统具有纳米级尺寸、表面积/体积比值大的特点,可以负载不同理化性质的治疗药物,同时可以修饰各种表面活性物质,能够提高药物的溶解度以及生理屏障的穿透性、保护生物药物不被降解而提高药物安全性与生物利用度、并将治疗药物递送到特定的眼部靶点,具有巨大的治疗潜力。目前越来越多围绕利用纳米材料的优势治疗眼底疾病的研究已经展开并引起广泛关注,包括神经退行性病变、眼底新生血管、眼内炎及眼底肿瘤等。本综述通过分析不同给药途径在眼底疾病治疗中面临的挑战及障碍,对近年开展的相关研究中常见纳米药物递送系统的理化性质、在常见眼底疾病治疗研究的进展、优势、局限性及未来发展方向进行了总结。

早产儿视网膜病变眼底检查方法及眼底图像特征研究进展

早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)是可预防的儿童期失明主要原因,具有筛查难、诊断难及客观评估难等特点。ROP筛查有多种方式,包括各种接触或非接触成像设备、基于智能手机的眼底照相、基于人工智能的眼底图像分析等。ROP诊断是基于对ROP整个视网膜眼底的可视化和记录,也是后续筛查、治疗评估的基础。眼底筛查对早期识别非常关键,有助于早期发现和及时转诊。通过分析总结ROP眼底图像特征,可能发现其潜在的特征规律,及时有针对性地预防和治疗。人工智能可促进ROP筛查的自动化、可量化和客观诊断。本文综述目前临床上常用的ROP眼底检查方法及眼底图像特征规律,总结人工智能用于ROP自动诊断的最新研究进展。