钙镁比调控对烟叶产量、化学品质及镁吸收的影响

通过田间小区试验,研究了施用镁肥进行土壤交换性钙镁比下调及叶面喷施镁肥对烤烟生长发育、产量、内在化学品质及镁吸收的影响。结果表明,与对照不施镁肥相比,土壤交换性钙镁比下调及叶面喷施镁肥有利于烤烟的生长、发育和农艺性状改善,有利于烟叶产量、产值的提高,能提升中部烟叶化学品质,土壤交换性钙镁比调控到10时最佳,其次是调控到8时,叶面喷施效果也较好;同时,与对照相比,土壤交换性钙镁比下调及叶面喷施镁肥显著提高了烟叶镁的含量及其对镁的累积量,尤其是上、中部烟叶,而且随着镁肥施用量增加和钙镁比下调,烟叶对镁的累积量显著增加。

玉米秸秆碳氮比调控施用对烟叶氮磷钾吸收的影响

通过田间小区试验,研究玉米秸秆及调控碳氮比后施用对烤烟产量、产值及上、中、下部烟叶氮、磷、钾含量及累积吸收量的影响。结果表明,玉米秸秆调控碳氮比后施用可显著提高烟叶产量、产值;同时促进烟叶氮、钾吸收,尤其是利用油枯、苕子等高氮生物质材料与玉米秸秆进行调节碳氮比后施用效果更好;与玉米秸秆单独施用相比,玉米秸秆+苕子、玉米秸秆+油枯、玉米秸秆+尿素进行调控碳氮比后施用,烟叶产量分别提高11.53%、9.49%、3.73%,烟叶氮含量分别增加12.95%、4.80%、7.76%,氮总累积量分别增加26.15%、15.02%、11.79%,烟叶钾含量分别增加4.11%、5.24%、7.79%,钾总累积量分别增加16.10%、15.23%、11.81%;但是,烟叶对磷的吸收却有一定程度降低,玉米秸秆单独施用导致烟叶产量、产值及养分吸收降低;因此,在烤烟生产中施用高碳氮比玉米秸秆,既要注意补充氮素来调节碳氮比,也要考虑补充磷素。

Effects of Regulation of C/N Ratio Wheat Straw Application on Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Uptake in Tobacco

[Objective]The aim was to study the effects of regulation of C/N ratio wheat straw application on tobacco nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium uptake. [Method]Effects of regulation C/N ratio wheat straw application on the flue-cured tobacco yield,output value,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content and cumulative uptake of the upper,middle and bottom leaf were studied by using the field plot experiments at Banqiao town,Qujing city,Yunnan Province during the 2008-2009 summer growing seasons. [Result]The results showed that the application of wheat straw alone or after C/N regulation,could significantly increase tobacco production,potassium content,the potassium and nitrogen accumulation amount of leaf,and was more conducive to the potassium uptake of tobacco leaf with wheat straw application after C/N regulation. Compared with non-straw application,the yield of tobacco increased by 6.59%,3.58%,5.98%,8.80% with application of wheat straw alone,wheat straw and vetch,wheat straw and oilseed cake,wheat straw and urea nitrogen,the potassium content in tobacco leaf increased by 3.85%,7.76%,8.82%,11.21%,respectively,the total potassium cumulative amount of leaf increased by 10.71%,11.62%,15.32% ,21.01% and the total nitrogen cumulative amount increased by 9.76%,1.22%,8.14%,14.00%. However,the differences of tobacco leaf nitrogen content among the different treatments were not significant,the phosphorus uptake of tobacco leaf decreased. [Conclusion]application of high C/N ratio wheat straw in flue-cured tobacco production,which should be concerned not only to adjust C/N ratio by adding nitrogen,but also considering additional phosphorus application.

小麦秸秆碳氮比调控施用对烟叶氮磷钾吸收的影响

[目的]研究小麦秸秆碳氮比调控施用对烟叶氮磷钾吸收的影响。[方法]2008～2009夏种季节,于云南省曲靖市板桥镇进行田间小区试验,探讨小麦秸秆及其碳氮比调控后施用对烤烟产量、产值及上、中、下部烟叶对氮、磷、钾含量及累积吸收量的影响。[结果]小麦秸秆无论单独施用,还是碳氮比调控后施用均能促进烟叶产量、产值显著提高,同时,烟叶钾含量、钾和氮的累积吸收量也均有显著增加,而且小麦秸秆进行碳氮比调控后施用更有利于烟叶钾的吸收。与不施用秸秆相比,小麦秸秆单独施用、小麦秸秆+苕子、小麦秸秆+油枯、小麦秸秆+尿素进行碳氮比调控后施用,烟叶产量分别提高6.59%、3.58%、5.98%、8.80%,烟叶钾含量分别提高3.85%、7.76%、8.82%、11.21%,烟叶钾的总累积量分别提高10.71%、11.62%、15.32%、21.01%,烟叶氮的总累积量分别提高9.76%、1.22%、8.14%、14.00%;而不同处理之间烟叶氮含量无显著差异,烟叶对磷的吸收降低。[结论]在烤烟生产中施用高碳氮比小麦秸秆,即要注意补充氮素调节碳氮比,也要考虑磷素的补充。

农家肥施用水平对烤烟产量及氮、钾吸收利用的影响

[目的]为了克服烟农对农家肥的施用过于随意的习惯,了解烤烟施用农家肥最适宜的水平范围,进而为曲靖市植烟土壤农家肥的施用提供理论依据和生产指导。[方法]采用田间小区试验的方法,研究农家肥施用水平对烟叶产量、产值及氮、钾含量、累积吸收量的影响。[结果]农家肥施用水平对烟叶产量、产值及氮钾的累积吸收影响很大。一方面,表现为当农家肥施用水平低于15 000 kg/hm2时并不能促进烟叶产量、产值及氮钾累积吸收量的增加;另一方面,当农家肥施用水平达到60 000 kg/hm2时烟叶产量、产值及氮钾的累积吸收量反而降低。[结论]曲靖市烤烟农家肥施用水平最适宜范围在30 000～450 000 kg/hm2。