母乳中脂联素水平及其影响因素的研究

【目的】调查母初乳和成熟乳中脂联素水平并探讨其与母婴之间的关系。【方法】应用ELISA测定母乳脂联素水平,分析母乳脂联素与母亲体质指数(body mass index,BMI)及母、脐血糖、胰岛素水平的关系。【结果】母乳中含有丰富的脂联素,初乳中脂联素水平(27.9μg/L,5.7-367.1μg/L)明显高于成熟乳(10.9μg/L,3.0-179.6μg/L)(P<0.01)。进一步,母初乳中脂联素水平与母亲妊娠晚期BMI呈临界相关(r=0.33,P=0.069),与母血脂联素水平呈显著正相关(r=0.53,P<0.01),母初乳脂联素水平亦与脐血糖(r=0.52,P<0.01)及脐血胰岛素水平正相关(r=0.53,P<0.01)。【结论】母乳中含有丰富的脂联素,且与母血及母亲BMI相关。母乳中持续存在的脂联素在母乳喂养儿代谢发育中可能有着潜在的意义。

神经肽Y2受体促进大鼠学习记忆的机制

目的:观察双侧海马插管注射神经肽Y2受体的反义寡核苷酸对大鼠海马c-fos基因mRNA和蛋白表达的影响,探讨Y2受体在学习记忆中可能的作用机制。方法:双侧海马插管注射Y2受体的反义、错义寡核苷酸或生理盐水,应用RT-PCR和免疫组化方法检测大鼠海马中c-fos基因在跳台法训练后的表达水平变化。结果:①反义组大鼠海马c-fos基因mRNA表达水平23.40±8.87明显低于生理盐水组60.38±15.52和错义组53.14±11.71,差异有显著性意义(F=22.54,P<0.001)。但错义组与生理盐水组之间大鼠海马c-fos基因的mRNA表达水平差异无显著性意义,(P>0.05)。②反义组大鼠海马c-Fos蛋白阳性细胞数在海马CA1,CA3和齿状回分别为16.33±6.18,27.00±9.72和109.67±23.44,均低于生理盐水组和错义组,而错义组与生理盐水组之间c-Fos蛋白表达水平差异无显著性意义。结论:神经肽Y2受体可能是通过调节c-fos基因的表达参与大鼠的记忆形成过程。

孕中期低水平铅暴露对新生儿神经行为发育的影响

【目的】 观察孕中期低水平铅暴露对新生儿神经行为发育的影响。 【方法】 采用配对方法对 94例检测了孕中期血铅水平的产妇所生新生儿进行了新生儿 2 0项行为神经发育评分 (NABA) ,并与其母亲的孕中期血铅水平及脐血铅水平 (6 8例 )进行相关分析 ;以孕中期妇女血铅水平 0 .2 4 μmol/L、0 .30 μmol/L、0 .36 μmol/L及其脐血铅水平 0 .15 μmol/ L、0 .2 1μmol/L、0 .2 6 μmol/L(分别为P2 5、P50 、P75)为分界点 ,分为相对高铅组及低铅组 ,进行t检验。 【结果】 新生儿神经行为发育的总得分、行为能力、主动肌张力与孕中期妇女的血铅水平呈显著的负相关关系、相关系数分别为 0 .5 2 9(P <0 .0 1)、 0 .4 0 2 (P <0 .0 1)和 0 .2 5 3(P <0 .0 5 ) ;新生儿神经行为发育的总得分、行为能力与脐血铅水平有显著的负相关关系。相关系数分别为 0 .4 0 9(P <0 .0 1)和 0 .4 17(P <0 .0 1) ;孕中期血铅在 0 .30 μmol/L的水平、脐血铅在 0 .2 1μmol/L的水平 ,即在P50 分界点 ,两组的总分即有差异。 【结论】 孕妇孕中期的铅暴露即使在 0 .30 μmol/L的水平也可能对胎儿期的发育构成危害 。

注意缺陷障碍的动物模型

注意缺陷障碍(ADHD)又称儿童多动症,主要表现为注意缺陷、多动、冲动等,常伴程度不等的学习困难、动作不协调和行为或性格上的异常,确切病因及发病机制至今尚不清楚。精神兴奋剂利他林、右旋苯丙胺等治疗有效。建立有效的动物模型将有利于阐明ADHD的病因和发病机制,并为治疗提供新思路。目前国内鲜有关于ADHD动物模型的研究报道,国外近年则做了大量的研究工作,并获得了多项有意义的结果。该文就常用的ADHD动物模型的特点作一综述。

Apoptosis and Lipolysis of White Adipocytes Induced by Neuropeptide Y- Y5 Receptor Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides

Objective: To investigate the influence of central administration ofneuropeptide Y-Y5 receptor antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) on body weight, fat pads of SDrats, and the effects of white adipocytes lipolysis and apoptosis. Methods: Y5 receptor antisense,sense, mismatched ODNs or vehicle was intracerebroventricularly (i. c. v.) injected. Averageadipocyte area was calculated. DNA ladders were measured to evaluate adipocyte apoptosis, and RT-PCRwas used to analyse the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax gene. Results: Central administration of Y5antisense ODNs significantly decreased body weight, and average adipocyte area. DNA fragmentationwas present after electrophoresis at epididymal adipose tissue. The expression of Bcl-2 gene wasdownregulated, while the expression of Bax upregulated. Conclusion: Lipolysis and adipocyteapoptosis may be important mechanisms far 75 antisense therapy.

Efficacy of Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide of Neuropeptide Y Y5 Receptor on Treating of Hyperleptinemia by Intraventricular Administration in Diet-induced Obese Rats

Objective: To study the efficacy of antisense oligonucleotide of neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y5 receptor on treating hyperleptinemia by intracerebral ventricular administration in diet-induced obese rats.Methods: The obese rats were prepared by feeding a high-nutritive diet for 7 weeks. The lateral ventricle of obese rats was cannulated. Either 10 μl of different neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor oligodeoxynucleotide, including antisense, sense and missense oligodeoxynucleotide (5 g/L) or 10 μl saline was administered into the ventricle through cannula three times per day in every rat. Two days later the rats were slaughtered .The weights of both retroperitoneal and epididymal adipose tissues were measured, and the serum insulin and leptin were detected by radioimmunoassay method and the murine leptin ELISA kit respectively. Results: ①The level of serum was significantly higher in experimental rats than that in normal rats. Similarly, the level of serum insulin and the weights of both retroperitoneal and epididymal adipose tissues were increased in experimental rats. ②After the diet-induced obese rats were intraventricularly administered with NPY Y5 receptor antisense oligodeoxynucleotide, the levels of serum leptin and insulin were significantly decreased and combined with the reduction of weight in retroperitoneal adipose tissue. There was, however, no significant difference in the weight of epidymal adipose tissue between pre-treated and post-treated duration. ③There was significant positive correlation among the level of serum leptin, the level of serum insulin and the weight of retroperritoneal adipose tissue in diet-induced obese rats. Conclusion: Intracerebral ventricular administration of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide of neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor may alleviate hyperleptinemia in diet-induced obese rats and decrease the weight of retroperitoneal adipose tissue and the level of serum insulin.

Partial Physiologic Differences between High-fat Diet Induced Obesity-prone and Obesity-resistant Rats

Objective: To observe the differences of partial physiologic indexes including weight, food intake, Lee's index, the wet weight of fat pad, plasma lipids and the genetic expression of LPL mRNA in adipose tissue between obesity-prone rats (OP) and obesity-resistant rats (OR) on a high-fat diet. Methods: After 1 week of free access to a high-fat diet (HFD), 48 rats were separated on the basis of 1 week body weight percentage gained in OP (OP≥P75) or OR (OR≤P25) groups. Rats were continuously fed on the HFD for another 4 weeks. The body weight and food intake were recorded in the course of model-making. And the Lee's index, the plasma lipid and lipoproteins, the wet weight of both epididymal and retroperitoneal fat pad were measured after the rat was killed. And the level of LPL mRNA expression in adipose tissue was detected by Northern Blot technique. Results: ① In OP rats, the speed of body weight gain, the cumulative energy intake, the Lee's index, and the wet weight of fat pad at both epididymal and retroperitoneal sites were significantly higher than those in OR rats, but there was no significant difference in the level of plasma lipid and lipoproteins between these two groups. ② After 1 week and 5 weeks on the high-fat diet, the gain of body weight in OP rats were about 6.45 and 4.25 times of those in OR rats. Meanwhile, the cumulative energy intake in OP rats was only about 1.13 and 1.15 times of those in OR rats. ③ Despite the depressive effect of the high-fat diet on the level of LPL mRNA expression in adipose tissue, there was a significant level of LPL mRNA in adipose tissue of OP rats compared with that in OR rats. Conclusion: The physiologic differences exist between OP and OR rats. Besides a higher level of energy intake, the higher energy efficiency associated with LPL mRNA expression in adipose tissue may also contribute to the enhancement of susceptibility to obesity in OP rats.

The Role of β3-adrenergic Receptor Gene in Neuropeptide Y Y5Receptor Antisense Gene Therapy of Diet-induced Obese Rats

Objective: To study the role of β3-adrenergic receptor gene in neuropeptide Y(NPY) Y5 receptor antisense gene therapy of diet-induced obese rats.Methods: The diet-induced obese rats were prepared by feeding a high-nutrition diet. Lateral ventricular was cannulated in obese rats which then received an intraventricular injection of either 5 μg/μl NPY Y5 receptor antisense or 10 μl missense oligodeoxynucleotide or saline of 10 μl respectively in every rat. When the rats were killed, the wet weight of abdominal adipose tissue, the level of serum lipid and lipoprotein were measured. Total RNA from the retroperitoneal adipose tissue was extracted and the level of β3-adrenergic receptor gene mRNA expression was evaluated by RT-PCR.Results: ①The wet weight of abdominal adipose tissue, the levels of serum lipids were greatly higher in diet-induced obese rats than those in normal rats. However, there were much lower β3-adrenergic receptor gene mRNA expression levels in retroperitoneal adipose tissue in diet-induced obese rats as compared with those in normal rats. ②After the diet-induced obese rats were intraventricularly administered with NPY Y5 receptor antisense oligodeoxynucleotide, the levels of β3-adrenergic receptor gene mRNA expression in retroperitoneal adipose tissue of diet-induced obese rats were strikingly up-regulated, whereas the wet weight of abdominal adipose tissue, the levels of serum lipids were markedly reduced.Conclusion: Intraventricular administration of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to NPY Y5 receptor could significantly reduce the abdominal adipose tissue and the levels of serum lipids in diet-induced obese rats by up-regulating the level of β3-adrenergic receptor gene mRNA expression in retroperitoneal adipose tissue.

不同健康教育形式改善更年期妇女知信行的效果评价

目的：探讨不同健康教育干预措施对改善更年期妇女知识态度行为的效果。方法采用逐级整群抽样法选定333名城市妇女作为研究对象，将其分为4组，其中1组为对照组，另外3组为干预组，对照组不采取任何措施，干预组分别采取发放宣传材料、健康讲座及答疑咨询、两种方法结合的健康教育方法进行干预，比较各组的知识知晓率、正确信念持有率及正确行为形成率。结果干预前3个干预组总的答题正确率分别为29．6％，33．2％，37．9％，低于干预后的38．1％，62．7％，69．0％，3个干预组干预前后总的答题正确率比较，差异有统计学意义（χ2值分别为28．60，284．97，318．68；P＝0．00）；干预前3个干预组总得分分别为（5．9±2．1），（6．6±2．5），（7．6±2．3）分，低于干预后的（7．6±2．6），（12．5±2．0），（13．8±1．9）分，干预前后3个干预组总得分比较，差异有统计学意义（t值分别为-4．89，-17．62，-19．52；P＝0．00）；干预前后差值的组间比较，3个干预组总分的前后差值均显著高于对照组，4组总得分差值分别为（-0．3±3．6），（1．7±3．3），（5．9±3．0），（6．2±2．9）分，差异有统计学意义（F＝81．81，P＜0．01）。结论以健康讲座及现场答疑咨询结合为主体的综合健康教育模式是开展更年期保健工作较为有效的健康教育模式。

妊娠期糖尿病和妊娠期高血压对母血、脐血及母乳脂联素水平的影响及临床意义

脂联素（adiponectin）是一种脂肪组织来源的多肽类激素，在维持机体正常代谢和能量平衡上发挥重要作用。脂联素不仅与体重指数（body mass index，BMI）、2型糖尿病及心血管疾病有关，而且与妊娠期并发症以及胎儿的生长发育关系密切。脂联素也存在于胎儿组织和母乳中，提示脂联素对宫内胎儿的影响可能持续至生后。目前，有关脂联素在母乳中的含量、影响因素及其对婴儿生理调节作用的研究较少。为此，本研究观察妊娠期糖尿病（gestational diabetes disease，GDM）和妊娠期高血压（gestational hypertension disease，GHD）时母血、脐血及母乳脂联素的水平及其相互关系，探讨母乳脂联素水平对高危儿代谢发育的潜在意义。