不同栽培模式对烟草耕层土壤碳氮组分含量及其比值的影响

为探讨贵州省烟叶主产区植烟土壤碳氮变化规律及其培肥途径,采用盆栽方式研究了有机和常规栽培(以不施肥作对照)模式下烟草耕层土壤中可溶性有机碳氮、总有机碳氮及其比值的变化规律。结果表明:1不同栽培模式对土壤中可溶性有机碳氮及总有机碳氮的影响规律明显不同,CG模式土壤中的DOC、DON、TOC、TON含量均随生育期的推进呈降低趋势;而YJ模式土壤中的DOC、TOC含量呈先增加后降低(以旺长期含量最高)趋势,DON、TON含量呈先降低后增加趋势(以旺长期含量最低)。2YJ模式显著提高了烟草生长各期土壤中TOC含量及生长中后期(旺长期和采收期)土壤中DOC含量,在团棵期和旺长期CG模式土壤中的DON、TON含量显著高于YJ模式和对照,在采收期,CG、YJ两种模式土壤中的DOC、DON、TOC、TON含量均显著高于对照。3CG模式土壤中DOC/DON、TOC/TON的比值随生育期的推进呈逐渐增加趋势,而YJ模式和对照则均呈先增加后降低的趋势(旺长期碳氮比达最大值)。在团棵期、旺长期和采收期,土壤中DOC/DON、TOC/TON的比值均表现为YJ>CK>CG。本试验结果揭示,有机栽培模式显著提高了烟株生长中后期土壤中活性碳氮、总有机碳氮含量和土壤的碳氮比,有助于烟株生长中后期营养的均衡持续供应和培肥地力。

不同海拔高度烟草叶片组织结构和质体色素特性研究

以红花大金元为试验材料,采用大田试验研究烟叶的组织结构和质体色素在不同海拔高度下的变化特征。结果显示,叶片在达到长度20 cm前,高、低海拔烟叶的组织学厚度和栅栏细胞密度差异均不明显;但在达到叶长20 cm后,高海拔烟叶的组织厚度较薄,而栅栏细胞较密。高海拔烟叶的叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量和叶绿素总量在叶长50 cm前均较低,但烟叶在高海拔条件下具有较高含量的类胡萝卜素,且叶绿素a/叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素/叶绿素比值也较大。研究表明,高、低海拔高度条件下烟叶的组织结构和质体色素含量明显不同,造成细胞结构和光合作用差异明显,从而导致不同海拔高度烟叶的内在质量风格出现差异。

不同栽培模式对烟草耕层土壤酶活性的影响

为了探讨贵州省烟叶主产区植烟土壤微生态变化规律及其生态培肥途径,采用盆栽方式研究了有机栽培模式、常规栽培模式及对照不施肥模式对烟草耕层土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,有机栽培模式和常规栽培模式提高了旺长期和圆顶期土壤蔗糖酶活性、磷酸酶活性、脲酶活性,表明有机生产模式可以提高土壤中碳、氮、磷的代谢水平,有利于烟田微生态的改善及烟田的持续健康发展。

Effect of Different Fertilization Patterns on Carbon and Nitrogen Components of Tobacco Topsoil

In order to explore the fertilizing ways and dynamic changes of soil carbon and nitrogen in the main producing areas of tobacco in Guizhou,research was conducted to study the variations of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen,total organic carbon and nitrogen and their ratio of tobacco-topsoil in organic fertilization pattern and conventional cultivation pattern （No fertilizer as control） by pot experiment.The results were as follows：（1） The effects of different fertilization patterns on soil dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen and total organic carbon and nitrogen were significantly different.The content of DOC,DON,TOC and TON in tobaccotopsoil was decreased with the advancing of growth period in conventional fertilization pattern.In the conventional fertilization pattern,the accumulation of DOC and TOC was increased first and then decreased,and the accumulation of DON and TON was decreased first and then increased.（2） The TOC content at the different growing stage and DOC content at the middle and later stage of tobacco were significantly improved in organic fertilization patterns.The accumulation of DON and TON in the conventional fertilization pattern was significantly higher than those in the organic fertilizer pattern and control at the rosette stage and vigorous stage.In the harvest period,the content of DOC,DON,TOC and TON of tobacco-topsoil in the conventional fertilization and organic fertilization pattern was significantly higher than those in the control.（3）The DOC/DON ratio and the TOC/TiON ratio was increased gradually with the advancing of growth period in conventional fertilization pattern,but they were increased first and then decreased in the organic fertilization pattern and CK.The DOC/DON and TOC/TON ratio of tobacco-topsoil in different fertilization patterns was showed as Y J＞ CK＞ CG at the different growing stage.The experiment results revealed that：The organic fertilization pattern may improve significantly the accumulation of DOC,DON,TOC and TON of tobacco-topsoil at the middle and later stage and the DOC/DON and TOC/TON ratio at the different growth stage.It contributed to the continuous and balanced supply of nutrients at the middle and later stage of tobacco and the soil fertility.

不同变黄期时间对上部烟叶可用性的影响

以云烟97为材料,研究了变黄期不同变黄时间对上部烟叶相关化学成分及其协调性、中性致香物质含量和产值效益的影响。结果表明,与上部叶正常烘烤过程中变黄期时长56 h相比,延长变黄时间8和16 h有利于提高总糖、还原糖、钾、总酚、游离氨基酸含量,降低烟碱、总氮、蛋白质、淀粉、氯含量,各种化学成分更加协调,中性致香物质含量增加,外观质量提高,亩产值、上等烟比例和均价提高,但产量略有降低,且延长16 h对上部叶可用性的促进效应最明显。

散叶收购模式下功能区布局及设施设备配套研究

探讨烟叶专业分级散叶收购的功能区布局及配套设施设备,提高专业分级人员的工作效率。在分析当前烟叶收购功能区布局及配套设施设备存在的问题基础上,结合散叶收购的实际需求,研究并制定了散叶收购各功能区布局及设施设备配套的具体要求,为顺利推行专业分级散叶收购模式提供理论支撑。合理设置各功能区域,优化各功能区布局,完善设施设备。