This study attempts to investigate how, in Sino-foreign joint ventures in China, Chinese managers and workers on the one hand and western managers on the other explain and resolve their cultural conflicts in terms o...This study attempts to investigate how, in Sino-foreign joint ventures in China, Chinese managers and workers on the one hand and western managers on the other explain and resolve their cultural conflicts in terms of the incompatibilities and tensions between particularism and universalism, the two opposing Chinese and western values. It hypothesizes that all parties have to find ways to resolve conflicts in order to maintain employment and keep the business enterprise viable. We argue that both Chinese and western employees must have adjusted, more or less, their values and behavior, and that a new culture of cooperation has consequently emerged from hybridization of particularism and universalism in the course of mutual learning. This cultural innovation exemplifies that globalization in the domain of culture is a process of reciprocal learning by people from diverse cultures.展开更多
This paper analyzes the ego-centered social network composition of urban dwellers in China from a social class perspective. A random sample (n= 1004 )questionnaire survey was conducted in the city areas of Beijing in ...This paper analyzes the ego-centered social network composition of urban dwellers in China from a social class perspective. A random sample (n= 1004 )questionnaire survey was conducted in the city areas of Beijing in the summer of 2000. The discussion name-generator approach was employed to measure people’s social network structures. Social class positions were divided into four levels on the basis of occupation, property rights, authority and skill:(1)professional/ administrator, (2)white collar, (3)small proprietor, and (4)working class. Results reveal that a person’s social position affects the class composition of his/her social networks. In Beijing, the class compositions of the professionals/administrators and the working class people are less heterogeneous than those of the white collar workers and small proprietors. People in all classes tend to make in group choices, i.e., selecting discussion network members of similar class status. Compared to the working class people, however, the professionals/administrators have a stronger tendency to maintain a closured social network while the small proprietors are more likely to form cross class networks. These findings can be explained by the relatively low degree of differentiation in China’s social class structure and by the opportunities and constraints faced by people in the different classes.展开更多
Based on the living experiences of 11 primary caregivers, this paper finds that gender is crucial for adult children to serve as primary caregivers to their elderly parents. First, male and female adult children have ...Based on the living experiences of 11 primary caregivers, this paper finds that gender is crucial for adult children to serve as primary caregivers to their elderly parents. First, male and female adult children have different views of their roles as primary caregivers. According to their views, sons are fulfilling the expectations of their elderly parents in providing care to them, whereas daughters are trying their best to provide their elderly parents with quality care. Secondly, although the feminization of caregiving tasks makes the female children as “ideal” caregivers, the taboo on “gender” and “sexualities” still offers a challenge to female children caregivers. Thirdly, the possible ways to release the boundary on gendered family caregiving are also discussed in the interpretations of primary caregivers.展开更多
文摘This study attempts to investigate how, in Sino-foreign joint ventures in China, Chinese managers and workers on the one hand and western managers on the other explain and resolve their cultural conflicts in terms of the incompatibilities and tensions between particularism and universalism, the two opposing Chinese and western values. It hypothesizes that all parties have to find ways to resolve conflicts in order to maintain employment and keep the business enterprise viable. We argue that both Chinese and western employees must have adjusted, more or less, their values and behavior, and that a new culture of cooperation has consequently emerged from hybridization of particularism and universalism in the course of mutual learning. This cultural innovation exemplifies that globalization in the domain of culture is a process of reciprocal learning by people from diverse cultures.
文摘This paper analyzes the ego-centered social network composition of urban dwellers in China from a social class perspective. A random sample (n= 1004 )questionnaire survey was conducted in the city areas of Beijing in the summer of 2000. The discussion name-generator approach was employed to measure people’s social network structures. Social class positions were divided into four levels on the basis of occupation, property rights, authority and skill:(1)professional/ administrator, (2)white collar, (3)small proprietor, and (4)working class. Results reveal that a person’s social position affects the class composition of his/her social networks. In Beijing, the class compositions of the professionals/administrators and the working class people are less heterogeneous than those of the white collar workers and small proprietors. People in all classes tend to make in group choices, i.e., selecting discussion network members of similar class status. Compared to the working class people, however, the professionals/administrators have a stronger tendency to maintain a closured social network while the small proprietors are more likely to form cross class networks. These findings can be explained by the relatively low degree of differentiation in China’s social class structure and by the opportunities and constraints faced by people in the different classes.
文摘Based on the living experiences of 11 primary caregivers, this paper finds that gender is crucial for adult children to serve as primary caregivers to their elderly parents. First, male and female adult children have different views of their roles as primary caregivers. According to their views, sons are fulfilling the expectations of their elderly parents in providing care to them, whereas daughters are trying their best to provide their elderly parents with quality care. Secondly, although the feminization of caregiving tasks makes the female children as “ideal” caregivers, the taboo on “gender” and “sexualities” still offers a challenge to female children caregivers. Thirdly, the possible ways to release the boundary on gendered family caregiving are also discussed in the interpretations of primary caregivers.
