不同激素处理对锦绣杜鹃开花时期的影响

采用不同浓度的GA3、6-BA、KT、GA3+6-BA、GA3+KT处理锦绣杜鹃(Rhododendron pulchrum Sweet)花蕾,研究其对锦绣杜鹃花蕾形态指标、开花时期、开花质量的影响。结果表明,上述激素处理均可使花蕾发育进程显著加快,开花时期提前,花朵体积增大,但对花期长短没有影响或影响较小;其中,GA3+KT促进效果最好,1 500 mg/L GA3+15 mg/L KT可使开花提前45 d左右,其次为GA3+6-BA,1 500 mg/L GA3+15 mg/L 6-BA处理可使开花提前33 d左右,而这两种混合液处理效果都显著优于单纯GA3处理;促进效应还与激素的浓度有关,1 500 mg/L GA3促进效应显著优于1 000 mg/L GA3的处理,无论是混合液还是单纯GA3处理,1 500 mg/L GA3促进效应显著优于1 000 mg/L GA3的处理。结构的观察显示,GA3+KT混合液处理显著促进了子房的发育进程,使子房膨大速度加快,提前形成胚珠,并发育至成熟,但对花药的发育进程没有影响或影响不显著,开花后的花药不开裂、不散粉,花粉粒处于四分体时期。

Growth and Development of Staminate Inflorescence and Anatomic Observation of Male Chestnut Flower

The growth and development of staminate inflorescence and anatomic structure of male chestnut flower were observed. Results showed that staminate in-florescence on the base of branch formed first, then upward successively. About 50 days were needed from the formation of staminate inflorescence on the base of branch to ful y develop the staminate inflorescence on the top of the branch. On the same staminate inflorescence, male flower clusters of the base formed first, then upward successively. About 20 days were needed from the formation of stami-nate inflorescence on the base of the male flower cluster to ful y develop the stami-nate inflorescence on the top of the branch. 5-7 male flowers forming a cluster, the flower number in a cluster was odd number usual y, and there was one on the top and each two paral el y arranged downward. The flower on the top came into bloom first, and then downward successively. The flowers paral el y arranged came into bloom at the same time. Sporangium of male flower of chestnut was monolocular. There were a large number of pol en grains in the sporangium. There were large differences between the development process of different sporangium in one male flower. Chestnut had larger quantity of male flowers and pol en and long period of pol ination compared with female flower. It is remained to be further studied whether it was necessary for anemophilous pol ination.

紫苏花器官发生及发育的形态观察

利用普通光学显微镜和扫描电镜技术观察了紫苏花器官发生及发育的过程。结果显示:紫苏花在花轴上由下及上形成无限开花的轮伞花序;紫苏花为两性完全花,花器官的发生顺序符合大多数被子植物花器官发生的一般规律,即各花器官按照花萼原基-花冠原基-雄蕊原基-雌蕊原基的顺序逐轮向内发生;每一轮花器官原基数量不一致,萼片原基5枚,花冠原基5枚,雄蕊原基4枚,雌蕊原基1枚;同一轮花器官原基发生同步,雄蕊原基发育后生长速度及长短发生分化,形成两长两短的二强雄蕊,其他花器官原基发育同步。

京尼平苷对柳树叶片生理代谢的影响

以种植10年的垂柳树(Salix babylonica L.)为试验材料,用不同浓度的京尼平苷水溶液(10、20、30、40、60、100 mg/L)对其叶片进行喷施处理,并于喷施后定期取样测定各项生理指标,结果表明:(1)随着秋季气温的下降,柳树叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率以及可溶性蛋白含量不断下降,而可溶性糖含量先上升后下降;(2)低浓度京尼平苷(≤60 mg/L)促进叶绿素含量以及光合同化速率的提高,可溶性蛋白含量与同期对照相比明显上升,且随着浓度的升高,促进效应先增强后减弱,浓度为30 mg/L时促进效应最大;(3)高浓度京尼平苷(100 mg/L)则使叶绿素含量、光合同化速率及可溶性蛋白含量低于同期对照。(4)秋季柳树叶片可溶性糖含量先升后降,叶面喷施京尼平苷浓度低于60 mg/L时可溶性糖含量低于同期对照,而当其浓度增加至100 mg/L时,可溶性糖浓度明显高于同期对照。说明适当浓度的京尼平苷可以促进柳树叶片叶绿素的合成或者抑制叶绿素降解,提高光合速率,增加蛋白质的合成,以及促进可溶性糖的转运,从而使秋季叶片延迟衰老。

Extraction of Alkali-soluble Polysaccharide from Jiuzihe Poria

In this study, with Jiuzihe poria as the main raw material, the effect of alkali concentration, extraction time and solid-liquid ratio on the extraction rate of alkali-soluble polysaccharide was investigated, and the processing technology was optimized with orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the optimum extraction process for alkali-soluble polysacchadde from poria was as follows： solid-liquid ratio of 1：50, alkali concentration of 0.5 mol/L, and extraction time of 8 h.

Development of Tuckahoe (Poria cocos) Purple Potato Steamed Sponge Cake

This study was conducted to find the optimum process conditions for tuck- ahoe （Poria cocos） purple potato steamed sponge cake. The results showed that the best production process conditions of tuckahoe purple potato steamed sponge cake were as follows： ratio of wheat flour to tuckahoe power at 8：2, 10% purple potato starch, 25% white granulated sugar, and 1.5% yeast powder.

植物根负向光性研究回顾与展望

植物根的向光性,尤其是负向光性具重要研究意义,其不仅涉及到诸多研究领域和知识,而且具重要生态学意义和应用价值。本文回顾了植物根向光性研究的历史,综述了近年来对植物根负向光性机理的研究;介绍了PKS1在根负向光性与向重性中的可能作用模型。在此基础上,对植物根负向光性研究中亟待解决的问题和未来的研究方向进行了总结和展望。