Nursing students'knowledge,willingness,and attitudes toward the first aid behavior as bystanders in traffic accident trauma:A cross-sectional survey

Objectives:The purpose of the study was to investigate the nursing students'levels of the knowledge,willingness,and attitudes toward first aid behavior as bystanders in road traffic accident and the related factors.Methods:A total of 475 nursing students were recruited by convenience choosing in Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The nursing students'self-efficacy,core self-evaluation,knowledge,willingness and attitudes toward first aid behavior as bystanders in traffic accidents were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire.Results:The scores of knowledge,willingness,and attitudes toward first aid behavior in traffic accident trauma were 7.51±1.93,15.54±5.03,and 7.73±1.56,respectively.Students who once gained training of first aid showed lower levels of attitude toward first aid behavior than those untrained(t=-2.345,P=0.019).It was found that self-efficacy was correlated to the knowledge(r=0.150,P<0.001),willingness(r=0.182,P<0.004)and attitudes toward behavior of the first aid(r=0.371,P<0.001)among nursing students.Core self-evaluation was correlated to knowledge(r=0.193,P<0.001)and attitudes toward behavior of the first aid(r=0.199,P<0.001).Conclusions:The first aid knowledge among nursing students was not satisfactory.The study suggested that an unsustainable short first-aid training program may bring negative effects.Countermeasures should be taken to ensure both quality and continuity of first aid training.Meanwhile,more attention should be paid to improving the self-efficacy and core self-evaluation of the nursing students.

Effects of wrist-ankle acupuncture on associated factors in uterus tissue and serum in rats with primary dysmenorrhea

Objective：To observe effects of wrist-ankle acupuncture （WAA） onβ-endorphin （EP）, nitric oxide （NO） in uterus tissue and prostaglandin F2α （PGF2α）, substance P （SP） in serum of rats with primary dysmenorrhea. Methods：A total of 45 non-pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group, a model group and a WAA group, 15 rats in each group. Rats in the model group and the WAA group received continuous abdominal subcutaneous injection of Diethylstilbestrol to establish dysmenorrhea rat models. On the first day after modeling, rats in the WAA group began to receive acupuncture on Point Lower 1 and Point Lower 2, once a day for 10 d. The control group and the model group didn’t receive any treatment. Writhing latencies and frequencies were recorded.β-EP and NO in uterus tissue homogenates and PGF2α, SP in serum were detected. Results：In the model group,β-EP and NO levels were the lowest among the groups, the serum PGF2α level was the highest, and serum SP level was the lowest. These measurements showed significantly difference between the model group and the control group （P〈0.05）. PGF2α in the WAA group was lower than that in the model group;β-EP, NO and SP levels were higher than those in the model group, with inter-group statistically significant differences （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： WAA may achieve analgesic effect through decreasing PGF2α, increasingβ-EP, NO and SP to relieve uterine cramps, increase blood flow and promote functional improvement.

Clinical observation on acupuncture at points of Shaoyang meridians plus moving cupping on the neck and shoulder for migraine

Objective： To observe the efficacy of acupuncture at points of Shaoyang meridians plus moving cupping on neck and shoulder for migraine. Methods： A total of 64 migraine cases were randomly allocated into an observation group and a control group, 32 cases in each group. Random number table method was used in allocation. Acupuncture at points of Shaoyang meridians and cupping on neck and shoulder were used for cases in the observation group, which contain acupuncture 5 times a week and cupping once a week. Oral flunarizine hydrochloride capsules were used for cases in the control group, 10 mg for each dose, 1 dose a day. 2 weeks constitutes a course of treatment. The patients were treated for two courses of treatment in both groups. After that, the changes of visual analogue scale （VAS） and the migraine disability assessment questionnaire （MIDAS） were observed, as well as the clinical efficacy. Results： The total effective rate and recovery and marked effective rate in the observation group were 93.8% and 71.0% respectively, versus 78.1% and 43.8% in the control group, showing statistical significant differences （both P〈O.05）. There were significant decreases in VAS and MIDAS scores after treatments in both groups （both P〈O.05）. VAS and MIDAS scores in the observation group were significantly different from those in the control group （both P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Combining acupuncture at points of Shaoyang meridians and cupping on neck and shoulder can relieve headache and reduce influence of migraine on life. It can produce a better efficacy than oral flunarizine hydrochloride capsules in treating migraine patients.

Yi Jin Jing （Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises） for primary osteoporosis in the elderly： a clinical trial

Objective：To observe the clinical efficacy of Yi Jin Jing （Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises） for primary osteoporosis in the elderly.Methods：Eighty old patients with primary osteoporosis were randomized into a Yi Jin Jing group and a medication group,40 cases in each group.The Yi Jin Jing group was intervened by Yi Jin Jing （Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises） training,while the medication group was intervened by oral administration of alendronate sodium tablet.Prior to and after 6-month intervention,the bone mineral density （BMD） of the proximal femur,visual analog scale （VAS） and activities of daily living （ADL） were estimated.Results：There were no significant differences in the BMD of the proximal femur,and VAS and ADL scores between the two groups before the intervention （P〉0.05）.After 6-month intervention,the above items all improved significantly in both groups （both P〈0.01）;the improvements in VAS and ADL scores in Yi Jin Jing group were more significant than those in the medication group （P〈0.01）,while the between-group difference in the BMD of the proximal femur was statistically insignificant （P〉0.05）.Conclusion：Practice of Yi Jin Jing （Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises） can effectively ameliorate the BMD in the elderly with primary osteoporosis,and it can reduce the pain and improve ADL,with a better general effect compared to oral administration of alendronate sodium tablet.

Clinical observation of warm needling moxibustion for rheumatoid arthritis

Objective： To observe the clinical efficacy of warm needling moxibustion at points on the back in treating rheumatoid arthritis （RA）. Methods： Sixty RA patients were randomized into two groups by the random number table, 30 in each group. The observation group was intervened by warm needling moxibustion at the points from the Governor Vessel on the back and Jiaji （EX-B 2） points, while the control group was by regular acupuncture. Results： After intervention, the morning stiffness, joint pain index, joint swelling index and erythrocyte sedimentation rate （ESR） were significantly improved in both groups （P〈0.01）; the inter-group difference was also statistically significant （P〈0.05）. The total effective rate was 93.3% in the observation group versus 76.6% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Warm needling moxibustion at points from the Governor Vessel on the back and Jiaji （EX-B 2） points can produce a higher efficacy than regular acupuncture in treating RA.

Effect of Yi Jin Jing(Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises) on skeletal muscle strength in the elderly

Objective： To observe the effect of Yi Jin Jing（Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises） on the muscle strength in senile sarcopenia. Methods： Sixty-five old people with sarcopenia were randomized into Yi Jin Jing group and a blank control group. Thirty-three patients in Yi Jin Jing group practiced Yi Jin Jing（Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises）, while 32 patients in the blank control group didn＇t receive any interventions. The muscle strength was measured before and after 12-week training. Results： During the study, each group had 1 dropout. The muscle strength was improved after 12-week training in Yi Jin Jing group, and the difference was statistically significant（P〈0.05）; there was no significant difference in the blank control group（P〈0.05）. After the intervention, there was a significant difference between Yi Jin Jing group and the blank control group in comparing the muscle strength（P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Constant Yi Jin Jing（Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises） training can notably improve skeletal muscle strength in senile sarcopenia.

Effect of long-time needle retaining at Baihui(GV 20) on cognitive impairment in post-stroke patients

Objective： To observe the clinical efficacy of long-time needle retaining at Baihui（GV 20） in treating post-stroke cognitive impairment. Methods： A total of 60 eligible patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment were randomized into a treatment group and a control group by random digital table, 30 cases in each group. The control group was intervened by basic treatment including routine therapy in Neurology department and Western medicine rehabilitation therapy, while the treatment group was intervened by same treatment in the control group combined with long-time needle retaining at Baihui（GV 20）. Mental state of patients was evaluated by National Institute of Health stroke scale（NIHSS） and mini-mental state examination（MMSE） after 4 weeks of treatment. Results： After 4-week treatment, the NIHSS score dropped in both groups, and intra-group comparisons showed statistical significances（both P〈0.05）, and the score in the treatment group was statistically lower than that in the control group（P〈0.01）; the MMSE score in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group, there was a statistical inter-group difference（P〈0.01）; the total effective rate was 93.3%, and the marked effective rate was 50.0% in the treatment group, versus 76.7% and 20.0% in the control group, there were significant differences in the total effective rate and the marked effective rate between the two groups（all P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Long-time needle retaining at Baihui（GV 20） can produce a safe valid therapeutic efficacy in treating post-stroke cognitive impairment.

Observation on clinical efficacy of warm needling therapy for chronic lumbar strain

Objective： To observe the clinical efficacy of warm needling therapy for chronic lumbar strain. Methods： A total of 60 patients with chronic lumbar strain who met the inclusion criteria were randomized into a treatment group and a control group by the random number table, with 30 cases in each group. The treatment group was treated with warm needling therapy, while the control group was treated with ordinary acupuncture treatment. The treatments were both performed once every other day, and 7 times constituted a course of treatment. Visual analog scale （VAS） score was used to assess the degree of pain and the clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups. Results： The total effective rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group （P〈0.05）. There was no significant difference in VAS score between the two groups before treatment （P〉0.05）. After treatment, the VAS scores of both groups decreased significantly, and the intra-group differences were statistically significant （both P〈0.05）. The VAS score of the treatment group after treatment was statistically different from that in the control group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Warm needling therapy has a better curative effect than ordinary acupuncture in the treatment of chronic lumbar strain.