基于碳化钼材料CO_(2)加氢制备高附加值化学品的热催化研究进展

CO_(2)加氢对于CO_(2)转化制备高附加值化学品和燃料以实现二氧化碳利用及能源储存至关重要。CO_(2)加氢包括甲烷化、逆水煤气变换、甲醇化和CO_(2)直接费托合成等。碳化钼,尤其是其二维材料,由于其低成本和良好的性能而备受关注。在CO_(2)加氢反应中,由于碳的渗入,导致晶格膨胀以及价电子增加,碳化钼基催化剂展现出了类似于贵金属催化剂的性质。碳化钼可以通过程序升温渗碳法、选择性蚀刻法、机械合金合成法、化学气相沉积法、原位热渗碳法以及溶液相合成法等来制备。到目前为止,学者已经对基于碳化钼的材料的CO_(2)转化进行大量研究,这些材料具有良好的CO_(2)转化活性和对目标产物的选择性。碳化钼材料的催化性能可以通过调节碳化钼中的C/Mo比、在碳化钼与负载金属之间建立强的金属-载体相互作用以及调整材料的界面结构来实现。然而,基于碳化钼的热催化CO_(2)转化仍处于初级阶段。本文综述基于碳化钼的热催化CO_(2)加氢制备高附加值化学品和燃料的研究进展,并分析其面临的挑战和机遇。

Oxygen is an essential gasotransmitter directly sensed via protein gasoreceptors

The current restrictive criteria for gasotransmitters exclude oxygen(O_(2))as a gasotransmitter in vertebrates.In this manuscript,I propose a revision of gasotransmitter criteria to include O_(2) per se as a signaling molecule and'essential gasotransmitter'for vertebrates.This revision would enable us to search for protein-based O_(2)-binding sensors(gasoreceptors)in all cells in the brain or other tissues rather than specialized tissues such as the carotid body or gills.If microorganisms have protein-based O_(2)-binding sensors or gasoreceptors such as DosP or FixL or FNR with diverse signaling domains,then eukaryotic cells must also have O_(2)-binding sensors or gasoreceptors.Just as there are proteinbased receptor(s)for nitric oxide(GUCY1A,GUCY1B,CLOCK,NR1D2)in cells of diverse tissues,it is reasonable to consider that there are protein-based receptors for O_(2) in cells of diverse tissues as well.In mammals,O_(2) must be acting as a gasotransmitter or gaseous signaling molecule via protein-based gasoreceptors such as androglobin that very likely mediate acute sensing of O_(2).Accepting O_(2) as an essential gasotransmitter will enable us to search for gasoreceptors not only for O_(2) but also for other nonessential gasotransmitters such as hydrogen sulfide,ammonia,methane,and ethylene.It will also allow us to investigate the role of environment-derived metal ions in acute gas(or solute)sensing within and between organisms.Finally,accepting O_(2) per se as a signaling molecule acting via gasoreceptors will open up the field of gasocrinology.

新元古代沂沭海峡地震引发的软沉积物变形及其微量元素信息

新元古代沂沭海峡位于郯庐断裂带昌邑—大店断层西侧宽60~90km、长300km的区域内,其分布范围基本与郯庐断裂带中段一致。新元古代,该海峡盆地先后沉积了青白口系、南华系及震旦系的滨—浅海相陆源碎屑、泥质及碳酸盐沉积物,其岩石地层称之为土门群。本次研究从该海峡盆地土门群佟家庄组(由石英砂岩、泥灰岩和页岩组成,属南华系)、浮来山组(由细—粉砂岩夹页岩组成,属震旦系)及石旺庄组(主要由碳酸盐岩组成,下部夹页岩,属震旦系)中鉴别出了一系列地震触动软沉积物形成的变形构造,包括液化砂墙和砂脉、负载构造、火焰构造、球枕构造、软布丁构造、底辟构造、滑塌褶曲和同沉积断层等。它们是地震事件的记录——震积岩。新元古代中晚期(约800—600Ma)沂沭海峡盆地拉张裂陷是它们形成的动力机制。根据石旺庄组中的微亮晶方解石脉与地震成因的变形构造(如负载、火焰、软布丁及同沉积断层等)共(伴)生的事实,并结合模拟地震试验结果分析,认为微亮晶方解石脉很可能是地震引发的饱和灰泥(方解石微粒)液化脉。微量化学元素分析结果表明,这些震积岩中的w(La)/w(Sc)和w(La)/w(Th)值高于上地壳平均值和正常沉积层,而w(Th)/w(Sc)值则较低,深源微量元素Ni和Cr的含量也高于上地壳平均值及正常沉积层。这些微量元素特征是当时的盆地基底不稳定、快速沉积且伴有深部物质元素混入的反映,强地震很可能是快速沉积和促进深源物质混入的主要动力。土门群中发育的一系列地震引起的软沉积物变形(震积岩),再次证明了古郯庐断裂带的存在,由它们记录的地震事件也是晋宁运动乃至Rodinia超大陆的裂解的响应。

Incidence of human papilloma virus in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in patients from the Lublin region

AIM:To assess the prevalence of human papilloma virus(HPV) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) in the south-eastern region of Poland.METHODS:The study population consisted of 56 ESCC patients and 35 controls.The controls were patients referred to our department due to other nonesophageal and non-oncological disorders with no gross or microscopic esophageal pathology as confirmed by endoscopy and histopathology.In the ESCC patients,samples were taken from normal mucosa(56 mucosa samples) and from the tumor(56 tumor samples).Tissue samples from the controls were taken from normal mucosa of the middle esophagus(35 control samples).Quantitative determination of DNA was carried out using a spectrophotometric method.Genomic DNA was isolated using the QIAamp DNA Midi Kit.HPV infection was identified following PCR amplification of the HPV gene sequence,using primers MY09 and MY11 complementary to the genome sequence of at least 33 types of HPV.The sequencing results were computationally analyzed using the basic local alignment search tool database.RESULTS:In tumor samples,HPV DNA was identified in 28 of 56 patients(50%).High risk HPV phenotypes(16 or/and 18) were found in 5 of 56 patients(8.9%),low risk in 19 of 56 patients(33.9%) and other types of HPV(37,81,97,CP6108) in 4 of 56 patients(7.1%).In mucosa samples,HPV DNA was isolated in 21 of 56 patients(37.5%).High risk HPV DNA was confirmed in 3 of 56 patients(5.3%),low risk HPV DNA in 12 of 56 patients(21.4%),and other types of HPV in 6 of 56 patients(10.7%).In control samples,HPV DNA was identified in 4 of 35 patients(11.4%) with no high risk HPV.The occurrence of HPV in ESCC patients was significantly higher than in the controls [28 of 56(50%) vs 4 of 35(11.4%),P < 0.001].In esophageal cancer patients,both in tumor and mucosa samples,the predominant HPV phenotypes were low risk HPV,isolated 4 times more frequently than high risk phenotypes [19 of 56(33.9%) vs 5 of 56(8.9%),P < 0.001].A higher prevalence of HPV was identified in female patients(71.4% vs 46.9%).Accordingly,the high risk phenotypes were isolated more frequently in female patients and this difference reached statistical significance [3 of 7(42.9%) vs 2 of 49(4.1%),P < 0.05].Of the pathological characteristics,only an infiltrative pattern of macroscopic tumor type significantly correlated with the presence of HPV DNA in ESCC samples [20 of 27(74.1%) vs 8 of 29(27.6%) for ulcerative or protruding macroscopic type,P < 0.05].The occurrence of total HPV DNA and both HPV high or low risk phenotypes did not significantly differ with regard to particular grades of cellular differentiation,phases in depth of tumor infiltration,grades of nodal involvement and stages of tumor progression.CONCLUSION:Low risk HPV phenotypes could be one of the co-activators or/and co-carcinogens in complex,progressive,multifactorial and multistep esophageal carcinogenesis.

Depositional and Diagenetic Controls on Sandstone Reservoirs with Low Porosity and Low Permeability in the Eastern Sulige Gas Field, China

In order to determine the genesis and the factors that control the low-porosity and low- permeability sandstone reservoirs in the eastern Sulige Gas Field in the Ordos Basin, systematic studies on the sedimentary facies and diagenesis were conducted by means of analysis of cores, thin sections, fluid inclusions, X-ray diffraction, cathode luminescence and scanning electron microscope. It was found that the sand bodies of the major gas reservoirs in the Shan1 section （P1S1） and the He8 section （P2H8） were formed during the Permian as sedimentary facies such as braided-channel bars, braided-river channels and point bars of a meandering river. Four types of diagenetic facies developed subsequently： in order from the best to the poorest properties these are type A （weak compaction, early calcite cement-chlorite film facies）, type B （moderate compaction, quartz overgrowth-feldspar corrosion-kaolinite filling facies）, type C （strong compaction, late calcite cement-quartz corrosion facies） and type D （matrix filling and strong compaction facies）. This diagenesis is undoubtedly the main reason for the poor reservoir properties of sandstone reservoirs, but the sedimentary facies are the underlying factors that greatly affect the diagenesis and thus the reservoir performance. Favorable diagenetic facies developed mainly in relatively small lithofacies such as braided-river channels, channel bars and point bars. The vertical distribution of the physical properties and the diagenetic facies of the reservoirs are related to the stratigraphic succession. Most of the sandstones between mudstones and thin beds of sandstone are unfavorable diagenetic facies. Analyses indicate that siliceous cementation can hardly be stopped by hydrocarbon filling. Authigenic chlorite could hardly protect the primary porosity. It not only occupies pore space, but also blocks pathways through sandstone reservoirs, so that it has significant influence on the permeability. Authigenic chlorite cannot be used as a marker for a specific sedimentary facies because it can be formed in different sedimentary facies, but it indicates high hydrodynamic conditions and presence of favorable reservoirs.

Photoluminescent properties of LaF_3:Eu^(3+) and GdF_3:Eu^(3+)nanoparticles prepared by co-precipitation method

GdF3：Eu^3＋ and GdF3：Eu^3＋ nanoparticles were prepared by a co-precipitation method in the presence of the chelating agent, citric acid. The structural properties of the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The average crystallite size was estimated from the full-width at half-maximum （FWHM） of the diffraction peaks by the Scherrer equation. The sizes of the nanoparticles were 12 nm for LaF3：Eu3＋ and 17 nm for GdF3：Eu^3＋. The luminescent properties of the nanoparticles were investigated by excitation and emission spectra. Energy transfer from Gd3＋ to Eu3＋ was observed.

Neogene Paleoseismic Events and the Shanwang Biota's Burial in the Linqu Area,Shandong Province,China

Several paleoseismic events are recorded in the Neogene Linqu Group, exposed in the Linqu area, Shandong Province, China. The events were interpreted on the basis of fleldwork and laboratory analysis, which showed the presence of seismites with plastically deformed soft-sediment deformation structures in the Shanwang Formation, and of seismic volcanic rocks in the Yaoshan Formation which show brittle deformation. The earthquake-triggered soft-sediment deformations in the seismites include load structures, ball-and-pillow structures, flame structures, piUow-like beds, boudinage structures, slump folds, syn-depositional faults, veins of liquefied sand, and dikes of liquefied sandy lime-mud. The seismic activity is also reflected in what might be called ＇brittle seismites＇; these originated when, under the influence of seismic vibrations, semi-consolidated conglomerate was shattered. Moreover, volcanic activity is related to intense earthquakes that affected basalts intercalated with sand layers; these successions are known as ＇seismic volcanic rocks＇, which are characterized by veins of liquefied sand intruding the basalts. AH above traces of paleoseismic activity were left from one single time span of 4 Ma with active seismicity that took place 14-10 Ma. This time span is known as ＇the Linqu Neogene Paleoseismic Active Period＇, which is divided into four paleoseismic episodes, which were responses to tectonic extension and basin rifting in this area. It even includes the activity of the Yishu Fault Zone during the Miocene and the Neogene. The ratios of trace elements in the seismites, w（La）/w（Sc） and w （La）/w（Th） are higher than the average value of the upper crust, but w（Th）/w（Sc） is lower; this is geochemical evidence for the basin rifting that resulted in a high sedimentation rate. The intense and frequent paleo-earthquakes are held responsible for the rapid burial of the Shanwang Biota. Secondary earthquake-induced processes （e.g. slumping of a lake shore and the strongly increased lacustrine sedimentation rate） contributed to the rapid burial of the biota.

Monitoring System of tourist traffic(MSTT) for tourists monitoring in mid-mountain national park,SW Poland

National parks are highly valuable natural areas and have the potential to attract a large number of visitors.The number of visitors at national parks is systematically increasing,often exceeding Tourism Carrying Capacity(TCC)of trails.This situation requires adjusting the number of park visitors to adapt to sustainable management systems of visitor flow,thus preventing or counteracting overtourism.The aim of the study is to propose a comprehensive method for tourists monitoring in mid-mountain national park presented on the example of the Sto?owe Mountains National Park(SMNP)in Poland,called as Monitoring System of tourist traffic(MSTT).The study describes six stages procedure of tourists Monitoring System creation and application as an optimal measurement technique.The MSTT enabled a multidimensional analysis of tourist traffic in SMNP.With the help of 39 pyroelectric sensors and surveys data spatio-temporal characteristic of visitor flow was obtained.The data generated in MSTT included hourly,daily,weekly,monthly,and annual reports,taking into account the direction of traffic measuring both directions:entries(IN),exits(OUT)and passages(IN+OUT).The results from pyroelectric sensors were supplemented with field surveys,where visitor’s motivations,preferences,and behaviours were determined.In 2017 a total of 871,344 visitors were recorded in SMNP what causes one of the most popular national parks in Poland.The SMNP is a suitable destination for short breaks leisure visits in wilderness.In order to sustain MSTT methodology in the long-run the set of guidelines together with the workload estimates were presented.In the future,the MSTT can be further developed,including monitoring of climbing,cycling,cross-country skiing,car traffic and illegal tourism assessment.The MSTT can be considered as a useful tool for tourism management in mid-mountain national parks throughout the entire calendar year.

Modified graphene‐based materials as effective catalysts for transesterification of rapeseed oil to biodiesel fuel

Production of biodiesel by the transesterification process using different modified graphene‐based materials as catalysts was studied.Solid acid graphene‐based samples were prepared by grafting sulfonic or phosphate groups on the surface of thermally reduced graphene oxide.The obtained materials were thoroughly characterized using scanning electron microscopy,X‐ray diffraction,thermogravimetric analysis,X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy,N2 adsorption‐desorption measurements,potentiometric titration,elemental analysis,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The prepared catalysts were tested in the transesterification of rapeseed oil with methanol at 130°C under pressure,and their activities were compared to the performance of a commercially available heterogeneous acidic catalyst,Amberlyst‐15.All modified samples were active in the transesterification process;however,significant differences were observed in the yield of biodiesel,depending on the method of catalyst preparation and strength of the acidic sites.The highest yield of fatty acid methyl esters of 70%was obtained for thermally reduced graphene oxide functionalized with 4‐benzenediazonium sulfonate after 6 h of processing,and this result was much higher than that obtained for the commercial catalyst Amberlyst‐15.The results of the reusability test were also promising.

Photoluminescence and electrochemiluminescence studies of chosen rare earths systems

Eu（Ⅲ） complexes with chosen Keggin polyoxomatalates, POM, containing organic counter cations （tetrabutylarnmonium, tetrabutylphosphonium, triphenylethylphosphonium）, were synthesized, and their photophysical properties were studied. The synthesized complexes had the general formula of XnH5-n[EuSiW11O39], formulated based on the results of elemental and thermogravimetric analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. The photophysical properties of the obtained compounds were investigated using photoluminescence and electrochemiluminescence, ECL, methods in solutions and solids. The most intense luminescence of Eu（Ⅲ） was observed for the complexes with tetrabutylarnmonium cations. After the addition of phenanthroline to the XnH5-n[EuSiW11O39] solutions, a large increase in the Eu（Ⅲ） luminescence intensity and a lengthening of its luminescence lifetime were observed as a result of the formation of ternary complexes. Attempts to apply ECL as a method of light emission by generating species capable of forming excited states in Ln/POMs, i.e., Tb（Ⅲ） and Eu（Ⅲ） in the Na9EuW10O36 and Na9TbW10O36 complexes, were made. The influence of the POM complexes on the ECL was also tested using the Tb/EDDHA （EDDA=ethylenediamine di（o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid）） complex, which is effective in generating ECL.

Redesigning the Model of Book Evaluation in the Polish Performance-based Research Funding System

Purpose: This study aims to present the key systemic changes in the Polish book evaluation model to focus on the publisher list, as inspired by the Norwegian Model. Design/methodology/approach: In this study we reconstruct the framework of the 2010 and 2018 models of book evaluation in Poland within the performance-based research funding system. Findings: For almost 20 years the book evaluation system in Poland has been based on the verification of various technical criteria(e.g. length of the book). The new 2018 model is based on the principle of prestige inheritance(a book is worth as much as its publisher is) and is inspired by the publisher list used in the Norwegian Model. In this paper, we argue that this solution may be a more balanced policy instrument than the previous 2010 model in which neither the quality of the publisher nor the quality of the book played any role in the evaluation.Research limitations: We work from the framework of the 2018 model of book evaluation specified in the law on higher education and science from 20 July 2018, as implementation acts are not available yet. Practical implications: This study may provide a valuable point of reference on how structural reforms in the research evaluation model were implemented on a country level. The results of this study may be interesting to policy makers, stakeholders and researchers focused on science policy. Originality/value: This is the very first study that presents the new framework of the Polish research evaluation model and policy instruments for scholarly book evaluation. We describe what motivated policy makers to change the book evaluation model, and what arguments were explicitly raised to argue for the new solution.

Spectral analysis in ultraweak emissions of chemi-and electrochemiluminescence systems

Investigation of ultraweak emissions in the processes of chemiluminescence, CL, and electrochemiluminesce, ECL, requires special techniques of their recording and spectral analysis. From among the hitherto proposed methods of detection of the emission spectra of these processes, that of the cut-off filter was most sensitive. The usefulness of this method in interpretation of the CL and ECL systems of the quantum yields in the range 1×10^-9-1×10^-11 containing ions and complexes of Eu（Ⅲ）, Tb（Ⅲ） and Dy0ID was shown. Exceptional character of the emission bands of lanthanide ions, being a result of the f-f electron transitions and in particular their low FWHM, permitted the appli- cation of the cut-off filter method to their analysis. The results obtained for CL and ECL on the basis of analysis of ultraweak emission proved to be successful in analytical applications. The systems containing Eu（Ⅲ） ions hydrated or complexed with organic ligands enabled inferring changes in the coordination sphere of the ions.

Luminescence study of europium(III) tris(β-diketonato)/phosphonate complexes in chloroform

The extraction of Eu（Ⅲ） with β-diketone, HA, and monodentate or bidentate Lewis bases, B, into chloroform and the luminescence properties of the extracted species were studied. Pivaloyltrifluoroacetone, Hpta, and 2-thenoyltfifluoroacetone, Htta, were used as the β-diketones. The Lewis bases, B, were tetraethyl methylene diphosphonate, POPO, which was bidentate, and diethyl benzylphosphonate, PhPO which was monodentate. Based on the extraction data, the stability constants, log β, of the first complexes between tfis（β-diketonato）Eu（Ⅲ） and the phosphonate, EuA3B, were determined to be 6.0 for the POPO complex and 3.40 for the PhPO complex. The Eu（Ⅲ） luminescence intensity in the EuA3POPO was larger than EuA3 where A was either pta or tta at similar concentrations of Eu（Ⅲ）, while that in Eu（pta）3PhPO was stronger than EuA3; however, in Eu（tta）3PhPO, it was weaker than Eu（tta）3. The POPO functions as a sensitizer, and the PhPO functions as a quencher for the tta chelate and as a sensitizer for the pta chelate. From the lifetime and quantum yield, φ, of the Eu（Ⅲ） luminescence in the complexes as well as the observation of the extractability of Eu（Ⅲ） with the Hpta and the phosphonates and of the luminescence spectra of the complexes, it was confirmed that the extraction of Eu（Ⅲ） was remarkably enhanced with a β-diketonate and a strong Lewis base, and also the ternary complex that was formed as the extracted species, showed luminescence enhancement. This phenomenon may be due the formation of a strong bond between the Eu（Ⅲ） and the strong Lewis base leading to more hydrophobicity in the extracted species and also to more effective energy transfer from the Lewis base to the Eu（Ⅲ）. It was not significant whether the donor atoms were N or O.

Determination of Surface Precipitation Type Based on the Data Fusion Approach

Hazardous events related to atmospheric precipitation depend not only on the intensity of surface precipitation,but also on its type.Uncertainty related to determination of the precipitation type(PT)leads to financial losses in many areas of human activity,such as the power industry,agriculture,transportation,and many more.In this study,we use machine learning(ML)algorithms with the data fusion approach to more accurately determine surface PT.Based on surface synoptic observations,ERA5 reanalysis,and radar data,we distinguish between liquid,mixed,and solid precipitation types.The study domain considers the entire area of Poland and a period from 2015 to 2017.The purpose of this work is to address the question:“How can ML techniques applied in observational and NWP data help to improve the recognition of the surface PT?”Despite testing 33 parameters,it was found that a combination of the near-surface air temperature and the depth of the warm layer in the 0-1000 m above ground level(AGL)layer contains most of the signal needed to determine surface PT.The accrued probability of detection for liquid,solid,and mixed PTs according to the developed Random Forest model is 98.0%,98.8%,and 67.3%,respectively.The application of the ML technique and data fusion approach allows to significantly improve the robustness of PT prediction compared to commonly used baseline models and provides promising results for operational forecasters.

ORLICZ-LORENTZ SEQUENCE SPACES EQUIPPED WITH THE ORLICZ NORM In memory of Henryk Hudzik,a great man,our teacher and colleague

In this article,we consider Orlicz-Lorentz sequence spaces equipped with the Orlicz norm(λ_(φ,ω),‖·‖_(φ,ω)^(O))generated by any Orlicz function and any non-increasing weight sequence.As far as we know,research on such a general case is conducted for the first time.After showing that the Orlicz norm is equal to the Amemiya norm in general and giving some important properties of this norm,we study the problem of existence of order isomorphically isometric copies of l∞in the space(λ_(φ,ω),‖·‖_(φ,ω)^(O))and we find criteria for order continuity and monotonicity properties of this space.We also find criteria for monotonicity properties of n-dimensional subspaces λ_(φ,ω)^(n)(n≥2)and the subspace(λ_(φ,ω))_(a) of order continuous elements of λ_(φ,ω).Finally,as an immediate consequence of the criteria considered in this article,the properties of Orlicz sequence spaces equipped with the Orlicz norm are deduced.

The Phenomenon of a Natural Thermonuclear Reactor

The study contains the justification of J.M. Herndon’s thesis about the existence of a thermonuclear reactor in the Earth’s core. A scenario of the formation of a spontaneous nuclear reactor is presented, referring to the universal law of gravity, to the relationship between matter and energy, and to the properties of plasma. The theoretical attitudes of the discussed phenomena and the relations between them can be called the Theory of the Primordial Forces of Nature. It includes the interactions of the gravitational field, the forces of the electromagnetic field, which determine the properties of matter, and the strong interactions resulting from the release of nuclear energy. Arguments for the thesis about the commonness of the phenomenon of thermonuclear reactors in space are presented. The second part of the article presents examples of geological phenomena that confirm the activity of a thermonuclear reactor in the center of the Earth.

National Lists of Scholarly Publication Channels: An Overview and Recommendations for Their Construction and Maintenance

Purpose: This paper presents an overview of different kinds of lists of scholarly publication channels and of experiences related to the construction and maintenance of national lists supporting performance-based research funding systems. It also contributes with a set of recommendations for the construction and maintenance of national lists of journals and book publishers.Design/methodology/approach: The study is based on analysis of previously published studies, policy papers, and reported experiences related to the construction and use of lists of scholarly publication channels. Findings: Several countries have systems for research funding and/or evaluation, that involve the use of national lists of scholarly publication channels(mainly journals and publishers). Typically, such lists are selective(do not include all scholarly or non-scholarly channels) and differentiated(distinguish between channels of different levels and quality). At the same time, most lists are embedded in a system that encompasses multiple or all disciplines. This raises the question how such lists can be organized and maintained to ensure that all relevant disciplines and all types of research are adequately represented. Research limitation: The conclusions and recommendations of the study are based on the authors' interpretation of a complex and sometimes controversial process with many different stakeholders involved.Practical implications: The recommendations and the related background information provided in this paper enable mutual learning that may feed into improvements in the construction and maintenance of national and other lists of scholarly publication channels in any geographical context. This may foster a development of responsible evaluation practices.Originality/value: This paper presents the first general overview and typology of different kinds of publication channel lists, provides insights on expert-based versus metrics-based evaluation, and formulates a set of recommendations for the responsible construction and maintenance of publication channel lists.

“Blind men and an elephant”:The need for animals in research,drug safety studies,and understanding civilizational diseases

Animal-based research and drug safety studies are essential to understanding the mysteries of nature and the long-term survival of humans.Due to the rapid increase in the global human population,conflict-and economically driven human migration,tourism-related activities,densely populated metropolitan areas,and local policies,humans will be affected by a multitude of novel disease-causing microorganisms and civilizational diseases.Despite disparities among countries,recent and planned changes in regulations concerning animal research and drug safety studies could have detrimental effects on both the animal research community and nations lacking sufficient social support systems.Based on existing scientific literature,I argue that we need animal research encompassing aspects such as animal development,behavior,drug safety studies,and for the understanding of future civilizational diseases.Depending on the nature of the research questions and local challenges,a suitable animal model organism should be made mandatory.

The Problem of Natural Radioactive Elements

The article presents two opposing views on the origin of natural radioactive elements. According to a view based on the Big Bang Theory, the elements found on Earth were formed by the process of primary nucleosyntase 13.8 billion years ago, with the exception of uranium and other heavy elements that were formed billions of years later under stellar conditions. It follows from this view that throughout the existence of the earth, the global amount of uranium and other primary radionuclides is reduced as a result of natural decay. The reasoning of the proponents of the BB theory is as follows: if the global radioactivity decreases, the problem of the threat decreases and one only needs to get used to the newly discovered natural phenomenon. There are even official regulations that exclude ionizing radiation from radon in the calculation of the limit dose. The Primary Forces of Nature theory presents a completely different view. Considering the analogous influence of gravity on the formation of the globs of the solar system, the logical explanation of the phenomena of geological activity are thermonuclear processes, such as on the sun. Hence the conclusion that the elements chemical are now created in the core of the Earth in the process of thermonuclear synthesis. The problem is serious because there is an accelerated growth of new igneous matter containing the created elements, and the ionizing radiation of natural radionuclides is the main factor responsible for the radioactivity level of the human environment.

Effects of stand features and soil enzyme activity on spontaneous pedunculate oak regeneration in Scots pine dominated stands – implication for forest management

Background:A challenge in current forestry is adaptation of managed forests to climate change,which is likely to alter the main processes of forest dynamics,i.e.natural regeneration.Scots pine will probably lose some parts of its distribution area in Europe.However,two native oaks,pedunculate and sessile may maintain or expand the area of their occurrence in central Europe.The utilization of spontaneous(not initialized by foresters)oak regeneration in Scots pine stands for the creation of next generation stands is one of the adaptation methods to climate change.Many factors influencing pedunculate oak regeneration are well known,but there is a lack of knowledge on the relation between soil enzyme activity and the establishment and development of the species.The aim of the study was to identify the relationships among stand characteristics,herb species composition,soil enzyme activity and the establishment or recruitment of oak regeneration in Scots pine-dominated stands.Results:The one of the most influential factors shaping the oak seedling count was dehydrogenase activity in the humus horizon.We found that plots without litter and fern cover had higher seedling density.The raspberry ground cover and birch crown projection area had a positive influence on oak seedling number.The factor indicating good conditions for high density of oak saplings was phosphatase activity in the organic horizon.The same enzyme activity but in humus horizon described conditions in which more numerous recruits were observed.Conclusions:The activity of soil enzymes can be used as the predictor of the establishment and advancement of oak regeneration but also could be seen as a new dimension of oak regeneration.The general density of spontaneous oak regeneration was not sufficient for the creation of new generation forest stands dominated by oak,but it is possible to use them as admixtures in new generation stands.