Present Situations and Suggestions for Large-scale Development of Chenopodium quinoa Willd.

In this paper,based on the study of Chenopodium quinoa Willd.planting,it is concluded that the current situations of large-scale development of C.quinoa Willd.include the following four aspects:first,the research on C.quinoa Willd.varieties needs to be strengthened;second,it is insufficient to master the training environment and cultivation techniques;third,the large-scale planting of C.quinoa Willd.is not enough;fourth,the degree of mechanization of C.quinoa Willd.planting is not enough.In view of the above situation,this paper puts forward the following effective suggestions to strengthen the large-scale development of C.quinoa Willd.:the first is to increase the investment in C.quinoa Willd.variety research;the second is to strengthen the analysis of introduction and screening of C.quinoa Willd.varieties;the third is to study the best planting environment and cultivation techniques of C.quinoa Willd.;the fourth is to increase the scale of mechanized production of C.quinoa Willd.;the fifth is to increase the research and development of C.quinoa Willd.related products and their deep processing technology.

Study on Endophytic Bacteria Diversity in the Root of Peperomia dindygulensis Miq. by Applying Clone Library Construction Method

[Objectives] To study the endophytic bacteria diversity in the root of Peperomia dindygulensis Miq. [Methods] The root of P.dindygulensis Miq. was taken as materials,culture-independent method was applied to build 16 S rDNA clone library for endophytic bacteria of P. dindygulensis Miq. [Results] In the 16 S rDNA clone library for endophytic bacteria of P. dindygulensis Miq.,95 clones separately belonged to 46 OTUs,Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these cloning sequences separately belonged to phylum Proteobacteria,phylum Bacteroidetes,phylum Actinobacteria,phylum Nitrospirae,and phylum Gemmatimonadetes. In these,phylum Proteobacteria accounted for 70. 53% of total number of clones,so it was the most dominant group in this library. [Conclusions]The endophytic bacteria diversity in the root of P.dindygulensis Miq. is rich and this study is expected to provide scientific basis for protection,development and use of resources of P. dindygulensis Miq.

Effect of Combined Foliar Spray on Heavy Metals Accumulation in Facility Fruit Vegetables

In order to explore the effects of combined foliar spray which was prepared from potassium fulvate and Zn on heavy metal accumulations in three kinds of facility fruit vegetables,cucumber,tomato and white melon,the foliar spray was applied from fruit setting to maturation.The results showed that the combined foliar spray significantly promoted the absorption of Zn and Cu in the three fruit vegetables,blocked the absorption of Cr,As and Pb in cucumber,significantly blocked the absorption of Cd in white melon,blocked the absorption of Pb in white melon,and showed a tendency of blocking the absorption of heavy metals Cd and As in tomato.

Teaching Reform and Practice of Plant Growth Environment Course in the Context of Application Transformation Development

Through the personnel training program,revising the syllabus,optimizing teaching contents,reforming teaching methods,strengthening practical teaching links and reforming examination methods,this paper explored the teaching reform and practice of Plant Growth Environment Course,in order to improve the teaching effect,stimulate learning interests of students,and cultivate application type talents meeting social demands.

Disposing Status and Control Countermeasures of Pesticide Packaging Wastes in Tobacco Producing Area in Yunnan Province

Pesticide packaging wastes pose a serious hazard to the agricultural production environment and the quality of agricultural products. The investigation for 2 consecutive years in Jietou Region of Tengchong County, a major tobacco planting area in Yunan, showed that： ① More than 80% of the pesticides purchased by farmers were used for tobacco cultivation, which was 4 times that of conventional crops planting, and most of the packaging materials were plastic bags; ② The main way for farmers to dispose plastic bags was to burn or discard them in the field garbage collection baskets; ③ In combination with field surveys, an average of 4.54 pieces of pesticide packaging wastes were scattered around every 667 m^2 of tobacco field. In addition, the number reduced significantly after carrying out pesticide packaging wastes recycling and control project at the local smoke station. At the same time, the average number of pesticide packaging wastes in the field collection baskets increased. Therefore, it can effectively control pesticide packaging wastes by changing the type of pesticide packaging, encouraging the establishment of recycling system and strengthening the cognitive training of farmers.

Differential Expression of CCNA2 Gene and MMP2 Gene in Skin Tissue of Rex Rabbit with Different Fur Densities

[ Objective] The paper was to search for the molecular marker highly associated with fur density of rex rabbit. [ Method ] Experimental rex rabbits were divided into dense fur group and sparse fur group. The variation rule of gene expression in skin tissue of rex rabbits with different fur densities was detected using rabbit whole gene cDNA microarray. [ Result] A total of 2 657 genes with differential expression were detected by microarray test, including 1 106 genes with known function, 687 genes with up-regulated expression and 419 genes with down-regulated expression. The expression levels of multiple genes involving in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and migration had significant changes. MMP2 gene had high expression in skin tissue of rex rabbits in dense fur group, which was 8. 195 times of gene expression in sparse fur group ; CCNA2 gene had low expression in skin tissue of rex rabbit in dense fur group, which was 0. 143 times of gene expression in spaarse fur group. [ Conclusion ] The results provide the theoretical basis and research direction for early breeding of rex rabbit in practical production.

Analyses on Community Composition and Diversity of Endophytic Bacteria in Different Tissues of Anoectochilus roxburghii

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the diversity of community composition and diversity of endophytic bacteria in Anoectochilus roxburghii.[Method] By using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology, the 16S rDNA-V4 region of endophytic bacteria in ^4. roxburghii was sequenced. Qiime and Mothur software packages were used to sort and count the number of sequences and operational taxonomic units （OTUs） and analyze the species abundance and distribution, Alpha diversity and differences of species abundance among samples. [Result] The number of effective sequences/OTUs for each sample was 110485/247 （stem） and 98524/259 （leaf） , respectively. The rarefaction curve showed that adequate sampling was performed. The number of OTUs had almost reached a saturation point. Endophytic bacteria in A. roxburghii mainly belonged to the genera Acidovorax, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas and Halomonas. [Conclusions] Illumi-na MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology provides more accurate and scientific data resources for the study of endophytic bacteria in A. roxburghii.

Effects of 12% Chlorothalonil and 12% Procymidone Smoke Agents on Physiology and Yield of Quinoa in Greenhouse

[Objectives]To study the effects of 12%chlorothalonil and 12%procymidone smoke agent on physiology and yield of quinoa in greenhouse.[Methods]The chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate of quinoa were determined by using the conventional application method of smoke agent at the dosage of 3 kg/ha.Finally,the total yield and increased yield of quinoa were calculated.[Results]The chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate of leaves were all increased by two kinds of smoke agents,and the photosynthesis rate was also increased significantly.[Conclusions]These two smoke agents can promote the growth of quinoa,including the increase of chlorophyll and the enhancement of photosynthesis,and its further mechanism needs to be further discussed.

Study on Present Situation of Agriculture in Handan

This article studies present situation of agriculture in Handan from different aspects.It is thought that overall sustainable development level of Handan agriculture is enhanced somewhat,but there are some problems.According to the actual condition,some rationalization suggestions are proposed.

High thermal stability and blue-violet emitting phosphor CaYA1O4:Ti^4+with enhanced emission by Ca^2+vacancies

Blue-violet light can not only enhance the total content of biomass and glucoside but also enrich the taste of the fruit.Thus,it is meaningful to study the blue-violet luminescent materials for plant cultivation.In this study,titanium(IV)-activated CaYAlO4(CYAO) phosphors were synthesized by conventional hightemperature solid-state reaction.X-ray powder diffraction was employed to analyze the crystalstructure of CYAO.It is found that the doped Ti^4+ ions do not change obviously the crystal structure of phosphors.Upon 246 nm excitation,CaYAl1-xO4:xTi^4+phosphors exhibit broad blue-violet emission band peaking at 395 nm,which can be attributed to the charge transfer of Ti^4+-O^2-.Moreover,this phosphor exhibits strong thermal stability.The luminescence emission intensity at 150℃maintained about 91 mol% of its initial value at room temperature.Additionally,the electron transition process and concentration quenching mechanism of CaYAl1-xO4:xTi^4+are discussed in detail.The excellent luminescent properties indicate that CaYAl1-xO4:xTi^4+phosphor may have promising application in indoor plant cultivation.

New microbial electrosynthesis system for methane production from carbon dioxide coupled with oxidation of sulfide to sulfate

Microbial electrosynthesis system (MES) is a promising method that can use carbon dioxide,which is a greenhouse gas,to produce methane which acts as an energy source,without using organic substances.However,this bioelectrical reduction reaction can proceed at a certain high applied voltage when coupled with water oxidation in the anode coated with metallic catalyst.When coupled with the oxidation of HS–to SO_(4)^(2-),methane production is thermodynamically more feasible,thus implying its production at a considerably lower applied voltage.In this study,we demonstrated the possibility of electrotrophic methane production coupled with HS–oxidation in a cost-effective bioanode chamber in the MES without organic substrates at a low applied voltage of 0.2 V.In addition,microbial community analyses of biomass enriched in the bioanode and biocathode were used to reveal the most probable pathway for methane production from HS–oxidation.In the bioanode,electroautotrophic SO_(4)^(2-)production accompanied with electron donation to the electrode is performed mainly by the following two steps:first,incomplete sulfide oxidation to sulfur cycle intermediates (SCI) is performed;then the produced SCI are disproportionated to HS^(–)and SO_(4)^(2-).In the biocathode,methane is produced mainly via H_(2)and acetate by electronaccepting syntrophic bacteria,homoacetogens,and acetoclastic archaea.Here,a new ecofriendly MES with biological H_(2)S removal is established.

Bright and tunable emissive monodisperse CsPbI3@Cs4PbI6 nanocomposites via a precise and controllable dissolution−recrystallization method

Nowadays,due to uncontrolled synthesis and lack of more direct and systematic evidences,the photoluminescence origin of“zero-dimensional”Cs4PbI6 remains great controversy and the luminescence cannot be controlled.Here we propose a controllable dissolution-recrystallization method to synthesize“emissive”and“non-emissive”Cs4PbI6 nanocrystals(NCs)respectively.Through comparing“emissive”and“non-emissive”Cs4PbI6 NCs,it is clearly proved that the visible emission in“emissive”Cs4PbI6 NCs comes from embedded CsPbI3 quantum dots(QDs).It is found for CsPbI3@Cs4PbI6 nanocomposites,methyl acetate(MeAC)and cyclohexane play an important role in dissolution and recrystallization respectively to obtain Cs4PbI6 matrix and CsPbI3 cores.Benefiting from this two-step method,the as-synthesized CsPbI3@Cs4PbI6 nanocomposites with CsPbI3 QDs uniformly distributed in Cs4PbI6 matrix are bright with photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)up to 71.4%and exhibit improved stability than CsPbI3 NCs.Moreover,utilizing its formation mechanism,the size of embedded CsPbI3 QDs can be controlled by reasonable designing the“dissolution”process,so that the luminescence of this CsPbI3@Cs4PbI6 nanocomposites can be adjusted in a wide range from green to red(554–630 nm).Our finding not only provides a novel method for synthesizing tunable“emissive”Cs4PbI6 NCs,but also makes clear the photoluminescence origin of“emissive”Cs4PbI6.

Biological methane production coupled with sulfur oxidation in a microbial electrosynthesis system without organic substrates

Methane is produced in a microbial electrosynthesis system(MES) without organic substrates. However, a relatively high applied voltage is required for the bioelectrical reactions.In this study, we demonstrated that electrotrophic methane production at the biocathode was achieved even at a very low voltage of 0.1 V in an MES, in which abiotic HS-oxidized to SO_(4)^(2-) at the anodic carbon-cloth surface coated with platinum powder. In addition, microbial community analysis revealed the most probable pathway for methane production from electrons. First, electrotrophic H_(2) was produced by syntrophic bacteria, such as Syntrophorhabdus, Syntrophobacter, Syntrophus, Leptolinea, and Aminicenantales, with the direct acceptance of electrons at the biocathode. Subsequently, most of the produced H_(2) was converted to acetate by homoacetogens, such as Clostridium and Spirochaeta 2. In conclusion,the majority of the methane was indirectly produced by a large population of acetoclastic methanogens, namely Methanosaeta, via acetate. Further, hydrogenotrophic methanogens,including Methanobacterium and Methanolinea, produced methane via H_(2).