Enhancing perianal disease management with integrated physical and psychological approaches

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the study by Hou et al,focusing on the complex interplay between psychological and physical factors in the postoperative recovery(POR)of patients with perianal diseases.The study sheds light on how illness perception,anxiety,and depression significantly influence recovery outcomes.Hou et al developed a predictive model that demonstrated high accuracy in identifying patients at risk of poor recovery.The article explores the critical role of pre-operative psychological assessment,highlighting the need for mental health support and personalized recovery plans in enhancing POR quality.A multidisciplinary approach,integrating mental health professionals with surgeons,anesthesiologists,and other specialists,is emphasized to ensure comprehensive care for patients.The study’s findings serve as a call to integrate psychological care into surgical practice to optimize outcomes for patients with perianal diseases.

Recovery of the injured neural system through gene delivery to surviving neurons in Parkinson’s disease

A critical unaddressed problem in Parkinson’s disease is the lack of therapy that slows or hampers neurodegeneration.While medications effectively manage symptoms,they offer no long-term benefit because they fail to address the underlying neuronal loss.This highlights that the elusive goals of halting progression and restoring damaged neurons limit the long-term impact of current approaches.Recent clinical trials using gene therapy have demonstrated the safety of various vector delivery systems,dosages,and transgenes expressed in the central nervous system,signifying tangible and substantial progress in applying gene therapy as a promising Parkinson’s disease treatment.Intriguingly,at diagnosis,many dopamine neurons remain in the substantia nigra,offering a potential window for recovery and survival.We propose that modulating these surviving dopamine neurons and axons in the substantia nigra and striatum using gene therapy offers a potentially more impactful therapeutic approach for future research.Moreover,innovative gene therapies that focus on preserving the remaining elements may have significant potential for enhancing long-term outcomes and the quality of life for patients with Parkinson’s disease.In this review,we provide a perspective on how gene therapy can protect vulnerable elements in the substantia nigra and striatum,offering a novel approach to addressing Parkinson’s disease at its core.

PGLYRP1 protein as a novel mediator of cellular dialogue in neuroinflammation

Neuroinflammation has been identified as a crucial element in several neurological disorders. Glial cells play a critical role in directing neuroinflammation, both in deleterious and beneficial ways.

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a biomarker for neuropsychiatric complications in acute ischemic stroke

This study evaluates the findings of Gu et al,who investigated the role of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL)as a biomarker for predicting neuropsychiatric complications in acute ischemic stroke(AIS)patients.The results revealed that elevated serum NGAL levels at admission are associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment,anxiety,and depressive symptoms at discharge.The study analyzed 150 AIS patients(mean age 65.4 years,58%male)using the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to assess neuropsychiatric outcomes.Multivariate analysis demonstrated that higher NGAL levels were independent predictors of cognitive impairment[odds ratio(OR)=1.42],anxiety(OR=1.28),and depression(OR=1.39).Notably,NGAL exhibited strong predictive power for cognitive impairment,with an area under the curve of 0.78.Despite these promising findings,NGAL’s clinical utility is limited by its non-specificity across various conditions.Nevertheless,NGAL levels could help identify AIS patients at risk for neuropsychiatric complications,enabling timely intervention and comprehensive neuropsychiatric evaluation.The study emphasizes the need for further research to validate NGAL’s predictive accuracy and specificity in diverse AIS populations and advocates for its integration with other diagnostic modalities to enhance clinical decision-making.

Enhancing orthodontic osteodilated arch treatment through comprehensive nursing interventions and cognitive behavioral therapy

Orthodontic osteodilated arch treatment represents a pivotal approach in dental orthodontics to address dental crowding and misalignment.Integrating cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)into comprehensive nursing interventions(CNI)aims to address these issues holistically.This editorial explores the effectiveness of CBTbased CNI in improving patient outcomes in orthodontic care.Innovations in remote CBT delivery,such as virtual reality,have also shown potential in reducing pain,anxiety,and depression,emphasizing CBT's adaptability in orthodontic settings.The findings underscore the importance of integrating psychological support into orthodontic care to enhance patient adherence,satisfaction,and overall treatment success.The editorial advocates for a holistic approach that combines psychological and physiological care,highlighting the transformative potential of CBT-based interventions in orthodontic treatment.

Evaluating the impact of virtual reality on reducing restrictive practices in psychiatric wards

This manuscript critically evaluates the randomized controlled trial(RCT)conducted by Phiri et al,which assessed the effectiveness of virtual reality(VR)training for psychiatric staff in reducing restrictive practices(RPs).Specifically,this RCT investigated the impact of VR on the handling of aggressive patients by psychiatric staff compared to traditional training methods.Despite significant reductions in perceived discrimination in the VR group,there were no major improvements in self-efficacy or anxiety levels.The system usability scale rated the VR platform highly,but it did not consistently outperform traditional training methods.Indeed,the study shows the potential for VR to reduce RPs,although fluctuations in RP rates suggest that external factors,such as staff turnover,influenced the outcomes.This manuscript evaluates the study’s methodology,results,and broader implications for mental health training.Additionally,it highlights the need for more comprehensive research to establish VR as a standard tool for psychiatric staff education,focusing on patient care outcomes and real-world applicability.Finally,this study explores future research di-rections,technological improvements,and the potential impact of policies that could enhance the integration of VR in clinical training.

Editorial on amylase and the acini–islet–acinar reflex:A new frontier in metabolic health research

This editorial comments on the study by Pierzynowska et al investigating the acini-islet-acinar(AIA)reflex,which integrates the exocrine and endocrine functions of the pancreas.The study investigates whether exogenous amylase introduced to the interstitial fluid surrounding pancreatic islets can inhibit insulin release.Historically,high serum amylase levels were associated with pancreatitis,but recent findings suggest that low amylase levels are more linked to metabolic diseases like diabetes and obesity.In their experiment,six pigs were used to examine the effects of amylase infusion on insulin release during an intravenous glucose tolerance test.The pigs received different treatments(amylase,saline,or bovine serum albumin),and blood samples were taken over two hours to measure insulin and glucose levels.The results showed amylase delayed glucose-stimulated insulin release,whereas bovine serum albumin increased insulin levels supporting the existence of the AIA reflex and suggesting amylase as a key metabolic regulator.Enzyme supplementation,particularly withα-amylases,may offer therapeutic benefits in preventing and managing metabolic disorders,including diabetes and obesity.Further research is warranted to explore the full scope of amylase’s role in metabolic health and its therapeutic potential.

Immortalization of epidural fat-derived mesenchymal stem cells: In vitro characterization and adipocyte differentiation potential

BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are promising candidates for regenerative therapy due to their self-renewal capability,multilineage differentiation potential,and immunomodulatory effects.The molecular characteristics of MSCs are influenced by their location.Recently,epidural fat(EF)and EF-derived MSCs(EF-MSCs)have garnered attention due to their potential benefits to the spinal microenvironment and their high expression of neural SC markers.However,their clinical applications are limited due to cell senescence and limited accessibility of EF.Although many studies have attempted to establish an immortalized,stable SC line,the characteristics of immortalized EF-MSCs remain to be clarified.AIM To establish and analyze stable immortalized EF-MSCs.METHODS The phenotypes of EF-MSCs were analyzed using optical microscopy.Cell immortalization was performed using lentiviral vectors.The biomolecular characteristics of the cells were analyzed by immunoblotting,quantitative PCR,and proteomics.RESULTS The immortalized EF-MSCs demonstrated a significantly extended lifespan compared to the control group,with well-preserved adipogenic potential and SC surface marker expression.Introduction of human telomerase reverse transcriptase genes markedly increased the lifespan of EF-MSCs.Proteomics analysis revealed substantial increase in the expression of DNA replication pathway components in immortalized EF-MSCs.CONCLUSION Immortalized EF-MSCs exhibited significantly enhanced proliferative capacity,retained adipogenic potential,and upregulated the expression of DNA replication pathway components.

NADPH oxidase 4(NOX4)as a biomarker and therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases

Diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases are defined by inflammation and the damage neurons undergo due to oxidative stress. A primary reactive oxygen species contributor in the central nervous system, NADPH oxidase 4, is viewed as a potential therapeutic touchstone and indicative marker for these ailments. This in-depth review brings to light distinct features of NADPH oxidase 4, responsible for generating superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, emphasizing its pivotal role in activating glial cells, inciting inflammation, and disturbing neuronal functions. Significantly, malfunctioning astrocytes, forming the majority in the central nervous system, play a part in advancing neurodegenerative diseases, due to their reactive oxygen species and inflammatory factor secretion. Our study reveals that aiming at NADPH oxidase 4 within astrocytes could be a viable treatment pathway to reduce oxidative damage and halt neurodegenerative processes. Adjusting NADPH oxidase 4 activity might influence the neuroinflammatory cytokine levels, including myeloperoxidase and osteopontin, offering better prospects for conditions like Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. This review sheds light on the role of NADPH oxidase 4 in neural degeneration, emphasizing its drug target potential, and paving the path for novel treatment approaches to combat these severe conditions.

斑马鱼视网膜微细结构及发育特征

目的探讨斑马鱼眼球和视网膜的微细结构及不同发育阶段的形态特征,为其作为视觉研究模型奠定基础。方法分别选取不同周龄的8组斑马鱼,每组各6条,共48条。利用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察不同发育阶段的斑马鱼眼球结构,并测量视网膜各层厚度,分析其时空发育模式。从显微结构及超微结构上观察视网膜中各种细胞形态特征及神经连接方式,尤其是视杆细胞和视锥细胞的结构差异。结果斑马鱼视网膜可分为色素上皮层、视杆视锥层、外界膜、外核层、外网层、内核层、内网层、神经节细胞层、神经纤维层和内界膜等10层。与视锥细胞相比,视杆细胞的细胞核更小且电子密度更高。感光细胞终足整齐地排列在外网层,与水平细胞和双极细胞形成神经连接,并在其内观察到多条突触带。在斑马鱼视网膜中,最早发育的是神经节细胞层和内核层,随着斑马鱼的生长发育,视杆视锥层和色素上皮层厚度逐渐增长,10周左右视网膜的结构基本发育完成。结论斑马鱼视网膜形态结构典型,分层明显,神经细胞高度分化,外网层神经连接丰富。斑马鱼眼球发育特征与大多数哺乳动物相似。

Understanding the spectrum of non-motor symptoms in multiple sclerosis:insights from animal models

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system and is generally considered to be a non-traumatic,physically debilitating neurological disorder.In addition to experiencing motor disability,patients with multiple sclerosis also experience a variety of nonmotor symptoms,including cognitive deficits,anxiety,depression,sensory impairments,and pain.However,the pathogenesis and treatment of such non-motor symptoms in multiple scle rosis are still under research.Preclinical studies for multiple sclerosis benefit from the use of disease-appropriate animal models,including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Prior to understanding the pathophysiology and developing treatments for non-motor symptoms,it is critical to chara cterize the animal model in terms of its ability to replicate certain non-motor features of multiple sclerosis.As such,no single animal model can mimic the entire spectrum of symptoms.This review focuses on the non-motor symptoms that have been investigated in animal models of multiple sclerosis as well as possible underlying mechanisms.Further,we highlighted gaps in the literature to explain the nonmotor aspects of multiple sclerosis in expe rimental animal models,which will serve as the basis for future studies.

Recent developments in selective laser processes for wearable devices

Recently,the increasing interest in wearable technology for personal healthcare and smart virtual/augmented reality applications has led to the development of facile fabrication methods.Lasers have long been used to develop original solutions to such challenging technological problems due to their remote,sterile,rapid,and site-selective processing of materials.In this review,recent developments in relevant laser processes are summarized under two separate categories.First,transformative approaches,such as for laser-induced graphene,are introduced.In addition to design optimization and the alteration of a native substrate,the latest advances under a transformative approach now enable more complex material compositions and multilayer device configurations through the simultaneous transformation of heterogeneous precursors,or the sequential addition of functional layers coupled with other electronic elements.In addition,the more conventional laser techniques,such as ablation,sintering,and synthesis,can still be used to enhance the functionality of an entire system through the expansion of applicable materials and the adoption of new mechanisms.Later,various wearable device components developed through the corresponding laser processes are discussed,with an emphasis on chemical/physical sensors and energy devices.In addition,special attention is given to applications that use multiple laser sources or processes,which lay the foundation for the all-laser fabrication of wearable devices.

Electrokinetic-mechanism of water and furfural oxidation on pulsed laser-interlaced Cu_(2)O and CoO on nickel foam

The electrocatalytic oxidation of biomass-derived furfural(FF)feedstocks into 2-furoic acid(FA)holds immense industrial potential in optics,cosmetics,polymers,and food.Herein,we fabricated Co O/Ni O/nickel foam(NF)and Cu_(2)O/Ni O/NF electrodes via in situ pulsed laser irradiation in liquids(PLIL)for the bifunctional electrocatalysis of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and furfural oxidation reaction(FOR),respectively.Simultaneous oxidation of NF surface to NiO and deposition of CoO and/or Cu_(2)O on NF during PLIL offer distinct advantages for enhancing both the OER and FOR.CoO/NiO/NF electrocatalyst provides a consistently low overpotential of~359 m V(OER)at 10 m A/cm^(2),achieving the maximum FA yield(~16.37 m M)with 61.5%selectivity,79.5%carbon balance,and a remarkable Faradaic efficiency of~90.1%during 2 h of FOR at 1.43 V(vs.reversible hydrogen electrode).Mechanistic pathway via in situ electrochemical-Raman spectroscopy on CoO/NiO/NF reveals the involvement of phase transition intermediates(NiOOH and CoOOH)as surface-active centers during electrochemical oxidation.The carbonyl carbon in FF is attacked by hydroxyl groups to form unstable hydrates that subsequently undergo further oxidation to yield FA products.This method holds promise for large-scale applications,enabling simultaneous production of renewable building materials and fuel.

Sustainable Furfural Biomass Feedstocks Electrooxidation toward Value-Added Furoic Acid with Energy-Saving H_(2) Fuel Production Using Pt-Decorated Co_(3)O_(4) Nanospheres

Here,furfural oxidation was performed to replace the kinetically sluggish O_(2)evolution reaction(OER).Pt-Co_(3)O_(4)nanospheres were developed via pulsed laser ablation in liquid(PLAL)in a single step for the paired electrocatalysis of an H_(2)evolution reaction(HER)and furfural oxidation reaction(FOR).The FOR afforded a high furfural conversion(44.2%)with a major product of 2-furoic acid after a 2-h electrolysis at 1.55 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in a 1.0-M KOH/50-mM furfural electrolyte.The Pt-Co_(3)O_(4)electrode exhibited a small overpotential of 290 mV at 10 mA cm^(-2).As an anode and cathode in an electrolyzer system,the Pt-Co_(3)O_(4)electrocatalyst required only a small applied cell voltage of~1.83 V to deliver 10 mA cm^(-2),compared with that of the pure water electrolyzer(OER||HER,~1.99 V).This study simultaneously realized the integrated production of energy-saving H_(2)fuel at the cathode and 2-furoic acid at the anode.

Elevated ETV4 expression in cholangiocarcinoma is linked to poor prognosis and may guide targeted therapies

Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA),a highly aggressive bile duct cancer,is associated with late-stage diagnosis and limited treatment options,leading to poor patient outcomes.Early detection and personalized treatment strategies are crucial.The study by Wang et al highlights the prognostic potential of the PEA3 subfamily genes(ETV1,ETV4,and ETV5)in CCA,identifying ETV4 as a particularly promising biomarker.Their bioinformatic analysis revealed that elevated ETV4 expression correlates with poorer survival,positioning it as a strong indicator of disease progression.These findings suggest that ETV4 could enhance prognostic precision and guide personalized therapies,although further validation through large-scale clinical trials is essential.Challenges in clinical application include the need for comprehensive experimental validation and addressing the tumor heterogeneity in CCA.Future research should focus on validating these biomarkers in diverse cohorts and developing targeted therapies,especially in regions where CCA is endemic.

Timely identification and treatment of uterine artery pseudoaneurysm after hysteroscopic procedures

Uterine artery pseudoaneurysm(UAP)is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication that can occur following hysteroscopic surgery for endometrial polyp resection.This article discusses the case study by Kakinuma et al,which highlights the successful diagnosis and treatment of UAP in a 48-year-old primiparous woman.Utilizing advanced imaging techniques such as ultrasound and computed tomography(CT),the medical team was able to promptly identify the UAP and subsequently perform a uterine artery embolization to treat the condition.The study underscores the critical need for rapid diagnosis and intervention to prevent severe outcomes and provides practical clinical recommendations for managing similar cases.This article aims to expand on the study’s findings,discuss the clinical implications,and suggest future research directions to optimize the management of UAP post-hysteroscopic surgery.

Importance of timely diagnosis and intervention in uterine artery pseudoaneurysm caused by hysteroscopic surgery

This manuscript explores the case on the occurrence of uterine artery pseudoaneurysm(UAP)during hysteroscopy endometrial polypectomy and the subsequent successful treatment via uterine artery embolization(UAE).Moreover,we focus on the management and treatment options for UAP in patients of advanced maternal age.A pseudoaneurysm is an extraluminal blood collection with a disrupted flow that communicates with the parent vessel via a defect in the arterial wall.The reported case involved a 48-year-old primiparous woman who developed a UAP after uterine polyp removal.The study enhances the understanding of UAP,a rare but potentially life-threatening condition,by providing a detailed and well-documented account of the comprehensive case presentation,effective use of medical imaging techniques for diagnosis,successful postoperative patient management following UAE,and practical clinical recommendations for clinicians managing similar cases.Overall,this study highlights the importance of considering UAP as a differential diagnosis in patients with abnormal vaginal bleeding following hysteroscopic surgery.Additionally,this manuscript recommends that clinicians with a high index of suspicion for UAP promptly request ultrasonography and computed tomography to facilitate early diagnosis.UAE is suggested as a primary treatment due to its effectiveness and safety,particularly in facilities capable of avoiding hysterectomy.

Challenges and prospects in bridging precision medicine and artificial intelligence in genomic psychiatric treatment

Precision medicine is transforming psychiatric treatment by tailoring personalized healthcare interventions based on clinical,genetic,environmental,and lifestyle factors to optimize medication management.This study investigates how artificial intelligence(AI)and machine learning(ML)can address key challenges in integrating pharmacogenomics(PGx)into psychiatric care.In this integration,AI analyzes vast genomic datasets to identify genetic markers linked to psychiatric conditions.AI-driven models integrating genomic,clinical,and demographic data demonstrated high accuracy in predicting treatment outcomes for major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.This study also examines the pressing challenges and provides strategic directions for integrating AI and ML in genomic psychiatry,highlighting the importance of ethical considerations and the need for personalized treatment.Effective implementation of AI-driven clinical decision support systems within electronic health records is crucial for translating PGx into routine psychiatric care.Future research should focus on developing enhanced AI-driven predictive models,privacy-preserving data exchange,and robust informatics systems to optimize patient outcomes and advance precision medicine in psychiatry.

Glymphatic system function in diverse glucose metabolism states

The rising prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes globally necessitates a deeper understanding of associated complications,including glymphatic system dysfunction.The glymphatic system,crucial for brain waste clearance,is implicated in cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease.This letter explores recent research on glymphatic function across different glucose metabolism states.Tian et al’s study reveals significant glymphatic dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients,evidenced by lower diffusion tensor imaging analysis along perivascular space indices compared to those with normal glucose metabolism and prediabetes.The research also reveals a link between glymphatic dysfunction and cognitive impairment.Additional research underscores the role of glymphatic impairment in neurodegenerative diseases.These findings highlight the importance of integrating glymphatic health into diabetes management and suggest potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and targeted therapeutic interventions.

Pulsed laser interference patterning of transition-metal carbides for stable alkaline water electrolysis kinetics

We investigated the role of metal atomization and solvent decomposition into reductive species and carbon clusters in the phase formation of transition-metal carbides(TMCs;namely,Co_(3)C,Fe_(3)C,TiC,and MoC)by pulsed laser ablation of Co,Fe,Ti,and Mo metals in acetone.The interaction between carbon s-p-orbitals and metal d-orbitals causes a redistribution of valence structure through charge transfer,leading to the formation of surface defects as observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.These defects influence the evolved TMCs,making them effective for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions(HER and OER)in an alkaline medium.Co_(3)C with more oxygen affinity promoted CoO(OH)intermediates,and the electrochemical surface oxidation to Co_(3)O_(4)was captured via in situ/operando electrochemical Raman probes,increasing the number of active sites for OER activity.MoC with more d-vacancies exhibits strong hydrogen binding,promoting HER kinetics,whereas Fe_(3)C and TiC with more defect states to trap charge carriers may hinder both OER and HER activities.The results show that the assembled membrane-less electrolyzer with Co_(3)C∥Co_(3)C and MoC∥MoC electrodes requires~2.01 and 1.99 V,respectively,to deliver a 10 mA cm−2 with excellent electrochemical and structural stability.In addition,the ascertained pulsed laser synthesis mechanism and unit-cell packing relations will open up sustainable pathways for obtaining highly stable electrocatalysts for electrolyzers.