The Clumpy Structure of Five Star-bursting Dwarf Galaxies in the MaNGA Survey

The star-forming clumps in star-bursting dwarf galaxies provide valuable insights into understanding the evolution of dwarf galaxies.In this paper,we focus on five star-bursting dwarf galaxies featuring off-centered clumps in the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory survey.Using the stellar population synthesis software Fitting Analysis using Differential evolution Optimization,we obtain the spatially resolved distribution of the star formation history,which allows us to construct the g-band images of the five galaxies at different ages.These images can help us to probe the evolution of the morphological structures of these galaxies.While images of a stellar population older than 1 Gyr are typically smooth,images of a stellar population younger than 1 Gyr reveal significant clumps,including multiple clumps which appear at different locations and even different ages.To study the evolutionary connections of these five galaxies to other dwarf galaxies before their star-forming clumps appear,we construct the images of the stellar populations older than three age nodes,and define them to be the images of the"host"galaxies.We find that the properties such as the central surface brightness and the effective radii of the hosts of the five galaxies are in between those of dwarf ellipticals(dEs)and dwarf irregulars(dIrrs),with two clearly more similar to dEs and one more similar to dIrrs.Among the five galaxies,8257-3704 is particularly interesting,as it shows a previous starburst event that is not quite visible from its gri image,but only visible from images of the stellar population at a few hundred million years.The star-forming clump associated with this event may have appeared at around 600 Myr ago and disappeared at around 40 Myr ago.

Predicting changes in the suitable habitats of six halophytic plant species in the arid areas of Northwest China

In the context of changes in global climate and land uses,biodiversity patterns and plant species distributions have been significantly affected.Soil salinization is a growing problem,particularly in the arid areas of Northwest China.Halophytes are ideal for restoring soil salinization because of their adaptability to salt stress.In this study,we collected the current and future bioclimatic data released by the WorldClim database,along with soil data from the Harmonized World Soil Database(v1.2)and A Big Earth Data Platform for Three Poles.Using the maximum entropy(MaxEnt)model,the potential suitable habitats of six halophytic plant species(Halostachys caspica(Bieb.)C.A.Mey.,Halogeton glomeratus(Bieb.)C.A.Mey.,Kalidium foliatum(Pall.)Moq.,Halocnemum strobilaceum(Pall.)Bieb.,Salicornia europaea L.,and Suaeda salsa(L.)Pall.)were assessed under the current climate conditions(average for 1970-2000)and future(2050s,2070s,and 2090s)climate scenarios(SSP245 and SSP585,where SSP is the Shared Socio-economic Pathway).The results revealed that all six halophytic plant species exhibited the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values higher than 0.80 based on the MaxEnt model,indicating the excellent performance of the MaxEnt model.The suitability of the six halophytic plant species significantly varied across regions in the arid areas of Northwest China.Under different future climate change scenarios,the suitable habitat areas for the six halophytic plant species are expected to increase or decrease to varying degrees.As global warming progresses,the suitable habitat areas of K.foliatum,S.salsa,and H.strobilaceum exhibited an increasing trend.In contrast,the suitable habitat areas of H.glomeratus,S.europaea,and H.caspica showed an opposite trend.Furthermore,considering the ongoing global warming trend,the centroids of the suitable habitat areas for various halophytic plant species would migrate to different degrees,and four halophytic plant species,namely,S.salsa,H.strobilaceum,H.glomeratus,and H.capsica,would migrate to higher latitudes.Temperature,precipitation,and soil factors affected the possible distribution ranges of these six halophytic plant species.Among them,precipitation seasonality(coefficient of variation),precipitation of the warmest quarter,mean temperature of the warmest quarter,and exchangeable Na+significantly affected the distribution of halophytic plant species.Our findings are critical to comprehending and predicting the impact of climate change on ecosystems.The findings of this study hold significant theoretical and practical implications for the management of soil salinization and for the utilization,protection,and management of halophytes in the arid areas of Northwest China.

Analysis of the record-breaking August 2021 rainfall over the Greenland Ice Sheet

Rainfall was witnessed for the first time at the highest area of the Greenland Ice Sheet on 14 August,2021.The thermodynamic mechanisms supporting the rainfall are revealed by ERA5 reanalysis,in-situ and satellite data.We find that a strong southward intrusion of the polar vortex favored the maintenance of a deep cyclone over Baffin Island and an amplification of anticyclonic circulation over the southeastern ice sheet,which pumped warm and moist air toward Greenland from anomalously warm waters south of Greenland.Across a wide swath of the ice sheet,atmospheric uplift maintained above-melting and rainfall conditions via condensation and enhanced downward infrared irradiance.Without the low-level liquid clouds,the spatial extent and duration of the rainfall would have been smaller.Over the ice sheet topographic summit,the air temperature from the ground to 250 hPa level was~2℃higher than the previous record set on 12 July,2012.Such events may occur more frequently with the decreased temperature contrast between the Arctic and the mid-latitude regions that drives highly amplified jet streams.Thus,this extreme event serves as a harbinger of a more likely wet surface condition across all elevations of the ice sheet.

Senegenin promotes in vitro proliferation of human neural progenitor cells

Senegenin, an effective component of Polygala tenuifolia root extract, promotes proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells in the hippocampus. However, the effects of senegenin on mesencephalon-derived neural progenitor cells remain poorly understood. Cells from a ventral mesencephalon neural progenitor cell line （ReNcell VM） were utilized as models for pharmaceutical screening. The effects of various senegenin concentrations on cell proliferation were analyzed, demonstrating that high senegenin concentrations （5, 10, 50, and 100 μmol/L）, particularly 50 μmol/L, significantly promoted proliferation of ReNcell VM cells. In the mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway, senegenin significantly increased phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinases. Moreover, cell proliferation was suppressed by extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitors. Results suggested that senegenin contributed to in vitro proliferation of human neural progenitor cells by upregulating phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase.

Baicalin and jasminoidin effects on gene expression and compatibility in the hippocampus following focal cerebral ischemia

The compound traditional Chinese medicine Qingkailing, which is an ingredient used to treat cerebral ischemia, has been limited to studies concerning single genes or single pathways. Interactions and pharmacological mechanisms of the compound ingredients （baicalin and jasminoidin） remain poorly understood. In the present study, baicalin and jasminoidin, as well as the combination, were used to separately treat mouse models of cerebral ischemia, cDNA microarray analyses of 374 cerebral ischemia-related genes were utilized to determine changes in gene-expression profiles. Arraytrack 3.40 and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis （IPA） databases were utilized to analyze changes in gene molecular functions and network path functions. Baicalin or jasminoidin alone effectively reduced infarct area, and the combination resulted in significantly better outcomes. IPA showed inhibited cell apoptosis in the baicalin group and Ca^2＋ channel regulation in the jasminoidin group. The combination of baicalin and jasminoidin activated HTR3A and F5 expression, regulated Ca^2＋ channels, activated kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer inhibitor IKBKG in B cells to control IkB kinase/nuclear factor-kB cascade, suppressed activation of inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 receptors and activated transduction of guanine-nucleotide- binding protein （G protein） signal. Results suggested that the combination of baicalin and jasminoidin resulted in similar molecular mechanisms to baicalin and jasminoidin alone. However, novel pharmacological actions of compatibility were detected, demonstrating significant protection against cerebral ischemia.

Reconstructing the annual precipitation variation since 1899 based on tree-ring width in the western Hedong sandy land of Ningxia

Based on the analysis of the correlation between the tree-ring width of Pinus tabulaeformis and the climate factors in the western Hedong sandy land of Ningxia, a conversion equation between the annual precipitation and the tree-ring width since 1899 was reconstructed. The results of cross verification indicated that the conversion equation is stable and the reconstructed results are reliable. The result of reconstructed annual precipitation showed the remarkable fluctuation of precipitation and dry-to-wet variation before the 1940s. The smaller fluctuation and high frequent changes of precipitation occurred during the period of 1940s-1980s and after the 1980s the change trend of the precipitation became high periodic extent and low frequent. The study found that there were some coincidences with the climate change in Changling Mountains, Helan Mountains and the east of Qilian Mountains. The relatively dry periods in the beginning of 20th century, 1920s to 1930s, the end of the 20th century and 2004 to 2006 in the western Hedong sandy land of Ningxia accelerated the desertification, while the relatively humid period during the periods of the 1910s-1920s, 1930s-1940s and 1990s is favorable to prevent and control the desertification, and to weaken the climate warming and drying. The periods of annual precipitation variation in the western Hedong sandy land of Ningxia since 1899 are approximately 2-4 years, 5-7 years and 10 years.

Impact of land-cover and climate changes on runoff of the source regions of the Yellow River

After dividing the source regions of the Yellow River into 38 sub-basins, thepaper made use of the SWAT model to simulate streamflow with validation and calibration of theobserved yearly and monthly runoff data from the Tangnag hydrological station, and simulationresults are satisfactory. Five land-cover scenario models and 24 sets of temperature andprecipitation combinations were established to simulate annual runoff and runoff depth underdifferent scenarios. The simulation shows that with the increasing of vegetation coverage annualrunoff increases and evapotranspiration decreases in the basin. When temperature decreases by 2℃and precipitation increases by 20%, catchment runoff will increase by 39.69%, which is the largestsituation among all scenarios.

Crystal Structure of 5 ( l Menthyloxy) 3 Chloro 4 Pyrrolidinyl 2(5H) Furanone

The molecular structure of the title compound 5 ( l menthyloxy) 3 chloro 4 pyrrolidinyl 2(5H) furanone, C 18 H 28 ClNO 3(Ⅰ), has been determined by X ray diffraction at 296(1)K. The crystal is monoclinic with space group P2 1, a=9 457(3), b=10.413(3), c=9.525(2) , β=95.19(2)°, V=934(1) 3, Z=2, M r=341.88, D x =1.22 g/cm 3, μ =2.15 cm -1 , F(000)=368. The final R factor is 0 059, and R w is 0.065 for 1020 observed reflections with I≥3σ(I) . The absolute configuration at C(14) of the acetal carbon was proved to be S , taking into account the known configuration of 1R, 2S, 5R menthyl moiety. There are three rings in the molecule of this compound: the furanone ring, the pyrrolidine ring and the mentholoxy group ring. The franone ring is connected with the pyrrolidine ring and the mentholoxy ring by N atom and μ 2 O bridge atom respectively.

Single-nucleus transcriptomic profiling of multiple organs in a rhesus macaque model of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) causes diverse clinical manifestations and tissue injuries in multiple organs.However, cellular and molecular understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection-associated pathology and immune defense features in different organs remains incomplete. Here, we profiled approximately 77 000single-nucleus transcriptomes of the lung, liver,kidney, and cerebral cortex in rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta) infected with SARS-CoV-2 and healthy controls. Integrated analysis of the multiorgan dataset suggested that the liver harbored the strongest global transcriptional alterations. We observed prominent impairment in lung epithelial cells, especially in AT2 and ciliated cells, and evident signs of fibrosis in fibroblasts. These lung injury characteristics are similar to those reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Furthermore, we found suppressed MHC class I/II molecular activity in the lung, inflammatory response in the liver, and activation of the kynurenine pathway,which induced the development of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Analysis of the kidney dataset highlighted tropism of tubule cells to SARS-CoV-2, and we found membranous nephropathy(an autoimmune disease) caused by podocyte dysregulation. In addition, we identified the pathological states of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the cerebral cortex, providing molecular insights into COVID-19-related neurological implications. Overall, our multi-organ single-nucleus transcriptomic survey of SARS-CoV-2-infected rhesus macaques broadens our understanding of disease features and antiviral immune defects caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection,which may facilitate the development of therapeutic interventions for COVID-19.

XPS Study on the Valence of Thulium in Its Ternary Iodides

By using XPS method the valence of thulium in ternary iodides CsTmI3, Cs2TmI4, RbTmI3 and KTmI3 has been studied. The identification of the valence of thulium in these compounds was made by comparing the observed chemical shift of Tm4d bonding energy with those of thulium in TmI2 and TmI3. The results indicate that the thulium in its ternary iodides has a valence of +2.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Europium Associate(C_(34)H_(54)N_(2)O_(1)0)[Eu(NO_(3))_(5)]

The title compound, (C 34 H 54 N 2O 10 )[Eu(NO 3) 5](C 34 H 52 N 2O 10 =1,2 bis(2,3 benzo 10 aza 15 crown 5 N ethyleneoxy)ethane), was synthesized in acetonitrile solution and its crystal structure was determined by X ray analysis. The crystal crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/c with cell parameters a =1 1801(2) nm, b =2 3560(5) nm, c =1 7025(3) nm, β =99 67(3)°, V =4 6662(16) nm 3, Z =4, D c=1 581 g/cm 3. The europium ion is coordinated with ten oxygen atoms from five nitrato groups, and neither O atoms nor N atoms of the macrocyclic compound are bonded to the europium ion.

Crystal Structure of 5-(l-Menthyloxy)-3-Bromo-4-(R)-(+)-Methylbenzylamino-2(5H)-Furanone

The crystal structure of the title compound 1, C 22 H 30 BrNO 3, was determined by X ray analysis at 296(1)K. The crystal belongs to othorhombic system, space group P2 12 12 1 with a=9.842(5), b=12.510(5), c=17.763(6) , V=2187(3) 3, Z=4, M r=436.37, D x =1.33 g/cm 3, μ =18.79 cm 1 , F(000) =912 and the final R=0.047 and R w=0.053 for 1429 observed reflections with I≥3σ(I). Structure analysis reveals that the absolute configuration at C 14 of the acetal carbon of the title compound is S.

Measurement of Mass Attenuation Coefficients of Indium With Characteristic X-rays From Targets Excited by Energetic Proton

The mass attenuation coefficients of indium are systematically measured byusing the characteristic X-rays from elemental or compound targets excited by energeticproton in the X-ray energy range 2.6 to 29.1 keV.The accuracy of experimental data isimproved to be±1%.The photoeletric cross sections are obtained by subtracting thescattering cross section from the measured total cross sections.Comparisons of our ex-perimental results with the available data of earlier investigations as well as with thetheoretical calculations are presented and discussed.

NICKEL PHTHALOCYANINE－SURFACTANT DDAB FILM ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL CATALYSIS

Voltammetric properties of didodecyldimethylammonium bromide(DDAB) films containing nickel phthalocyanine(NIPc) were e-canined. HIPc-DDAB film electrode shows stable voltammetric response in KBr water solution and can catalyze reductions of halogenated acetic acids.The reduction potentials for all substrates studied shifted positive by 0.4-0.6 V.

Ab Initio Study on the Thermal Isomerization from 1,2-Butadiene to1,3-Butadiene

Ab initio UHF/6-31G** method has been employed to study the mechanism of the thermal isomerization from 1,2-butadiene to 1,3-butadiene. The energies were corrected at MP2//6-31G**+ZPE(zero-point energy) level. The results indicate that it is a stepwise reaction via a radical intermediate. The calculated activation barriers are 65.01 and 64.16 kcal./mol., respectively.

Studies on Diastereoselective Intramolecular meta-Cycloaddition ofArene to Olefin (Part I)

The photoinduced intramolecular meta-cycloaddition of bichromophores 1a-1d gave diastereoselectively two types of adducts, 2a-2d and 3a-3d. respectively. The observed stereochemistry of cycloaddition was rationalized in terms of hydrogen bond effect induced by the 3-hydroxy group in the 5-phenylpent-1-ene skeleton.

On networks of space-based gravitational-wave detectors

The space-based laser interferometers,LISA,Taiji and TianQin,are targeting to observe milliHz gravitational waves(GWs)in the 2030s.The joint observations from multiple space-based detectors yield significant advantages.In this work,we recap the studies and investigations for the joint space-based GW detector networks to highlight:1)the high precision of sky localization for the massive binary black hole(BBH)coalescences and the GW sirens in the cosmological implication,2)the effectiveness to test the parity violation in the stochastic GW background observations,3)the efficiency of subtracting galactic foreground,4)the improvement in stellar-mass BBH observations.We inspect alternative networks by trading off massive BBH observations and stochastic GW background observation.

Identification of de novo Mutations in the Chinese Autism Spectrum Disorder Cohort via Whole-Exome Sequencing Unveils Brain Regions Implicated in Autism

Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interactions and repetitive behaviors.Although hundreds of ASD risk genes,implicated in synaptic formation and transcriptional regulation,have been identified through human genetic studies,the East Asian ASD cohorts are still under-represented in genome-wide genetic studies.Here,we applied whole-exome sequencing to 369 ASD trios including probands and unaffected parents of Chinese origin.Using a joint-calling analytical pipeline based on GATK toolkits,we identified numerous de novo mutations including 55 high-impact variants and 165 moderate-impact variants,as well as de novo copy number variations containing known ASD-related genes.Importantly,combined with single-cell sequencing data from the developing human brain,we found that the expression of genes with de novo mutations was specifically enriched in the pre-,post-central gyrus(PRC,PC)and banks of the superior temporal(BST)regions in the human brain.By further analyzing the brain imaging data with ASD and healthy controls,we found that the gray volume of the right BST in ASD patients was significantly decreased compared to healthy controls,suggesting the potential structural deficits associated with ASD.Finally,we found a decrease in the seed-based functional connectivity between BST/PC/PRC and sensory areas,the insula,as well as the frontal lobes in ASD patients.This work indicated that combinatorial analysis with genome-wide screening,single-cell sequencing,and brain imaging data reveal the brain regions contributing to the etiology of ASD.

Transition metal decorated bismuthene for ammonia synthesis:A density functional theory study

The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR)for the ammonia production under ambient conditions is regarded as a sustainable alternative to the industrial Haber-Bosch process.However,the electrocatalytic systems that efficiently catalyze nitrogen reduction remain elusive.In the work,the nitrogen reduction activity of the transition metal decorated bismuthene TM@Bis is fully investigated by means of density functional theory calculations.Our results demonstrate that W@Bis delivers the best efficiency,wherein the potential-determining step is located at the last protonation step of^(*)NH_(2)+H^(+)+e^(-)→*NH_(3)via the distal mechanism with the limiting potential ULof 0.26 V.Furthermore,the dopants of Re and Os are also promising candidates for experimental synthesis due to its good selectivity,in despite of the slightly higher ULof NRR with the value of 0.55 V.However,the candidates of Ti,V,Nb and Mo delivered the relative lower ULof 0.35,0.37,0.41 and 0.43 V might be suffered from the side hydrogen evolution reaction.More interestingly,a volcano curve is established between ULand valence electrons of metal elements wherein W with 4 electrons in d band located at the summit.Such phenomenon originates from the underlying acceptance-back donation mechanism.Therefore,our work provides a fundament understanding for the material design for nitrogen reduction electrocatalysis.

The compositions,sources,and size distribution of the dust storm from China in spring of 2000 and its impact on the global environment

The average mass concentration of the aerosols in Beijing during the dust storm in the spring of 2000 was -6000 μg · m-3, -30 times as high as that in the non-dust storm days. The enrichment factors of the pollution elements As, Sb and Se were higher than those in the non-dust storm days. This indicated that As, Sb and Se resulted from the pollution sources of those areas, through which the dust storm passed during their long-range transport, in addition to the local pollution sources in Beijing. The enrichment factors of the Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu were much less than those in the non-dust storm days, suggesting that the local pollution sources in Beijing area contributed to them mostly. The enrichment factors of elements Al, Fe, Sc, Mn, Na, Ni, Cr, V and Co were close to 1, showing that these elements originated from crust. The concentration of S in the dust storm was -10 μg · m-3,4 times as high as that in non-dust storm. S in the aerosols resulted from the adsorption of gaseous SO2 and the consequent