When the demographics in American public schools became more diverse,educators have faced the challenge of working with diverse student learners.In the education field,culturally relevant pedagogy has been widely reco...When the demographics in American public schools became more diverse,educators have faced the challenge of working with diverse student learners.In the education field,culturally relevant pedagogy has been widely recognized as an effective practice for teaching about diversity and is used across different school subject areas.This article discusses the four aspects in which teachers can implement culturally relevant pedagogy in TPRS language classrooms:a caring learning community,establishing meaning,story asking,and story reading.Teachers can include and empower students by validating them as learning subjects and engaging them in knowledge creation and representation in curriculum and instruction.The goal is to develop academic success,culture and identity,equity,and excellence for all student learners in a multicultural and global society.展开更多
Last time the world faced a deadly pandemic was the H1N1 Spanish flu in 1918, which affected almost one third of the world’s population (500 million people). Since then, almost 100 years later, we are now facing anot...Last time the world faced a deadly pandemic was the H1N1 Spanish flu in 1918, which affected almost one third of the world’s population (500 million people). Since then, almost 100 years later, we are now facing another pandemic of the SARS-CoV2 virus (Covid-19), which is still endemic to this day. As technology evolved during those 100 years, an effective vaccine for Covid-19 was produced within only a year, a huge feat. But, unfortunately, due to its fast development, another force would arise limiting the impact of the vaccine: Vacccine hesitancy and anti-vaxxers, which John Hopkins and the World Health Organization call the biggest current threat to global health. From politics to social media, it is clear that there has been a rapid spread of misinformation, resulting in hesitancy, especially from sociopolitically motivated people popularly referred to as antivaccers. However, a second group of vaccine-hesitant people have also emerged, who are uneducated and remain undecided about vaccination mostly due to safety concerns. They come under the massive influence of anti-vaxxers and anti-vaccine propaganda through social media and politicians, which often make bold claims and huge headlines. To combat vaccine hesitancy, it is crucial that we debunk these conspiracy theories and misinformation that so many believe in, with factual, data-based information. Actively spreading correct information about the vaccines, such as disclosing the rigorous developmental processes and validation of safety data by the FDA, assurance for unlikeliness of getting a lethal side effect along with tremendous health benefits, will encourage people to safe vaccination against Covid-19 and other potentially infectious diseases in future. This article discusses the role of anti-vaxxers and vaccine hesitancy groups, electronic social media, and politics in vaccine hesitancy among people. It describes the strategies to combat the roadblocks in the vaccination programs and health benefits, offered by recent advances in scientific and technological developments.展开更多
Background:α–synuclein(α–syn)is the main component of intracytoplasmic inclusions deposited in the brains of patients with Parkinson’s disease(PD)and certain other neurodegenerative disorders.Recent studies have ...Background:α–synuclein(α–syn)is the main component of intracytoplasmic inclusions deposited in the brains of patients with Parkinson’s disease(PD)and certain other neurodegenerative disorders.Recent studies have explored the ability ofα–syn to propagate between or across neighboring neurons and supposedly“infect”them with a prion–like mechanism.However,much of this research has used stereotaxic injections of heterologousα–syn fibrils to induce the spreading of inclusions in the rodent brains.Whetherα–syn is able to transmit from the host cells to their neighboring cells in vivo is unclear.Methods:Using immunestaining,we examined the potential propagation ofα–syn into nigrostriatal dopaminergic(DA)neurons in three lines of transgenic mice that overexpress human wild–typeα–syn(hα–syn)in different neuron populations.Results:After testing for three different routes by which hα–syn propagation might occur,we were unable to find any evidence that hα–syn behaved like a prion and could be transmitted overtime into the DA neurons initially lack of hα–syn expression.Conclusions:In transgenic mice hα–syn does not have the ability to propagate at pathologically significant levels between or across neurons.It must be noted that these observations do not disprove the studies that show its prion–like qualities,but rather that propagation is not detectable in transgenic models that do not use any injections of heterologous proteins or viral vectors to induce a spreading state.展开更多
文摘When the demographics in American public schools became more diverse,educators have faced the challenge of working with diverse student learners.In the education field,culturally relevant pedagogy has been widely recognized as an effective practice for teaching about diversity and is used across different school subject areas.This article discusses the four aspects in which teachers can implement culturally relevant pedagogy in TPRS language classrooms:a caring learning community,establishing meaning,story asking,and story reading.Teachers can include and empower students by validating them as learning subjects and engaging them in knowledge creation and representation in curriculum and instruction.The goal is to develop academic success,culture and identity,equity,and excellence for all student learners in a multicultural and global society.
文摘Last time the world faced a deadly pandemic was the H1N1 Spanish flu in 1918, which affected almost one third of the world’s population (500 million people). Since then, almost 100 years later, we are now facing another pandemic of the SARS-CoV2 virus (Covid-19), which is still endemic to this day. As technology evolved during those 100 years, an effective vaccine for Covid-19 was produced within only a year, a huge feat. But, unfortunately, due to its fast development, another force would arise limiting the impact of the vaccine: Vacccine hesitancy and anti-vaxxers, which John Hopkins and the World Health Organization call the biggest current threat to global health. From politics to social media, it is clear that there has been a rapid spread of misinformation, resulting in hesitancy, especially from sociopolitically motivated people popularly referred to as antivaccers. However, a second group of vaccine-hesitant people have also emerged, who are uneducated and remain undecided about vaccination mostly due to safety concerns. They come under the massive influence of anti-vaxxers and anti-vaccine propaganda through social media and politicians, which often make bold claims and huge headlines. To combat vaccine hesitancy, it is crucial that we debunk these conspiracy theories and misinformation that so many believe in, with factual, data-based information. Actively spreading correct information about the vaccines, such as disclosing the rigorous developmental processes and validation of safety data by the FDA, assurance for unlikeliness of getting a lethal side effect along with tremendous health benefits, will encourage people to safe vaccination against Covid-19 and other potentially infectious diseases in future. This article discusses the role of anti-vaxxers and vaccine hesitancy groups, electronic social media, and politics in vaccine hesitancy among people. It describes the strategies to combat the roadblocks in the vaccination programs and health benefits, offered by recent advances in scientific and technological developments.
基金the intramural research program of National Institute on Aging(HC:AG-000928,929).
文摘Background:α–synuclein(α–syn)is the main component of intracytoplasmic inclusions deposited in the brains of patients with Parkinson’s disease(PD)and certain other neurodegenerative disorders.Recent studies have explored the ability ofα–syn to propagate between or across neighboring neurons and supposedly“infect”them with a prion–like mechanism.However,much of this research has used stereotaxic injections of heterologousα–syn fibrils to induce the spreading of inclusions in the rodent brains.Whetherα–syn is able to transmit from the host cells to their neighboring cells in vivo is unclear.Methods:Using immunestaining,we examined the potential propagation ofα–syn into nigrostriatal dopaminergic(DA)neurons in three lines of transgenic mice that overexpress human wild–typeα–syn(hα–syn)in different neuron populations.Results:After testing for three different routes by which hα–syn propagation might occur,we were unable to find any evidence that hα–syn behaved like a prion and could be transmitted overtime into the DA neurons initially lack of hα–syn expression.Conclusions:In transgenic mice hα–syn does not have the ability to propagate at pathologically significant levels between or across neurons.It must be noted that these observations do not disprove the studies that show its prion–like qualities,but rather that propagation is not detectable in transgenic models that do not use any injections of heterologous proteins or viral vectors to induce a spreading state.
