Fundamental of Inclusion Removal from Molten Steel by Rising Bubble

The corundum plates with a groove were used to freeze molten flux into solid slice to simulate the flux film formed in continuous casting mold, and thereby to study the formation mechanism of flux film with different surface roughness. The effect of some factors on the surface roughness of flux film, such as reheating rate, cooling rate, flux film thickness and crystallization ratio, was discussed.

Delayed Fracture Behavior of CrMo-Type High Strength Steel Containing Titanium

The delayed fracture behaviors of CrMo-type high strength steels containing different amount of titanium(0to 0.10%)were studied.The steels were quenched at 880℃ and tempered from 400℃ to 650℃,and a wide range of tensile strength was obtained.The sustained load tensile test was carried out by using notched tensile specimens in Walpole solution.The experimental results showed that with higher strength,the Ti-microalloyed steels show higher resistance to delayed fracture compared with non-microalloyed steel due to titanium beneficial role and microstructure changes.The undissolved TiC is uniformly distributed as strong hydrogen traps,retarding or preventing the diffusion and accumulation of hydrogen to lower-interaction energy sites,such as prior austenite and martensite lath boundaries in stress concentration area.Meanwhile,the grain refining effect of titanium is also an important factor to improve the delayed fracture resistance of Ti-microalloyed steels.The characteristics of delayed fracture remain nearly the same with titanium addition.

Activity model and its application in CaO-FeO-SiO_2-MoO_3 quarternary system

The activity model of CaO-FeO-SiO_2-MoO_3 quarternary system was establishedaccording to the coexistence theory of slag structure and the reduction thermodynamics of molybdenumoxide was discussed by applying this model. The activities of SiO_2 and MoO_3 decrease, while thatof CaO increases with increasing the basicity of slag. Among SiC, [C] and [Si] reactants, thereducing capability of SiC is the strongest, while that of [C] is the poorest at a high temperature(about 1873 K). It is advantageous to increase the yield of molybdenum by increasing the content of[Si] or [C]. Controlling of basicity of slag can prevent the oxidation loss of molybdenum.

Theory and Practice of Oxide Inclusion Composition and Morphology Control in Spring Steel Production

In order to control the composition,morphology and size distribution of oxide inclusions in spring steel,the relationship between the content or activity of aluminum and calcium in molten steel and compositions of oxide inclusion precipitated at different temperatures was determined based on thermodynamic equilibrium for spring steel 60Si2 MnA,and has been verified by practice.The size distribution of non-metallic inclusions electrolytically extracted from specimens of hot rolled spring steel was determined by image analyzer.The results show that there are a great deal of large inclusions in spring steel produced by the conventional process,and the quantity and the size of large inclusions in spring steel produced by new process are largely reduced.As a result,the fatigue properties of the spring steel produced by new process are highly improved,and the ratio ofσ-1/σbis raised from 0.451 to 0.468.

Delayed Fracture Behavior of CrMo Type High Strength Steel Containing Vanadium

The netlike eutectic carbide in twin roll casting strip of W9Cr4V2 was dissolved and broken up gradually with increasing heating temperature during annealing treatment. Almost all eutectic carbides exist in granular form with heating temperature up to 950 ℃. It is considered that the refining of lamellar spacing made it possible for eutectic carbide to be granulated.

Precipitation and growth of titanium nitride during solidification of clean steel

With the help of solidification kinetics, precipitation and growth of TiNhave been studied theoretically and the effect of cooling rate on the growth of TiN has beendiscussed. Through induction electric furnace experiment and electroslag remelting experiment withdifferent cooling rates, the distribution and particle size of TiN were investigated. It is provedthat the higher cooling rate is, the smaller the final size of TiN is and the more TiN particles canbe found in the steel. That TiN can restrain the growth of columnar crystal and enhance theproportion of equiaxed crystals to refine solidification structure as the heterogeneous nucleationsites of δ-ferrite is confirmed preliminarily. A new method to reduce macrosegregation incontinuous cast steel is provided.

Hybrid Neural Network Model for RH Vacuum Refining Process Control

A hybrid neural network model,in which RH process(theoretical)model is combined organically with neural network(NN)and case-base reasoning(CBR),was established.The CBR method was used to select the operation mode and the RH operational guide parameters for different steel grades according to the initial conditions of molten steel,and a three-layer BP neural network was adopted to deal with nonlinear factors for improving and compensating the limitations of technological model for RH process control and end-point prediction.It was verified that the hybrid neural network is effective for improving the precision and calculation efficiency of the model.

The Effect of Graphite Particle Size on Properties of Low Carbon MgO-C Composite Materials

The effects of graphite granularity on the properties of low carbon MgO-C based materials have been investigated in the work. Large crystal fused magnesia, natural flake graphite with different particle sizes and anti-oxidant were adopted as raw material for preparation of specimens. However, the results show that the physical properties, oxidation resistance and thermal shock resistance of low carbon MgO-C materials with content of 4.0wt% graphite are improved obviously through the use of special and suitable size graphite. The excellent performance achieved was considered as a result of microstructure modification of MgO-C materials. Therefore, it is suggested that both fine and micro grade natural flake graphite used for production of low carbon MgO-C bricks.

Large magnetic-field-induced strains in rare earth polycrystalline Ni-Mn-Ga

The magnetic-field-induced strains (MFIS) of polycrystallineNi_(50)Mn_(29)Ga_(21) alloys containing Tb were studied. A large MFIS of -1.10% was obtained undercompressi ve prestress conditions. The addition of Tb can fine the crystal grains, enhance thebending strength obviously, and make MFIS increase further, indicating that a moderate amount of Tbdoes not hinder twin boundary motion and it conversely makes the material more practical.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructures and Properties of Near-Isothermally Forged TiAl Alloy Containing Minor Ni

The heat treatment, including two steps, was proposed to obtain Fine Fully Lamellar (FFL) microstructure on TiAl containing minor Ni. The first step was in (a+y) phase region to get Duplex (DP) microstructure, and the second step was in a phase region transforming DP microstructure into FFL microstructure. The effect of heat treatment on microstructures and properties was studied. The results showed that the static recrystallization kinetics in (a+y) phase region took the form of Avrami equitation, and the remnant lamellae in DP microstructure were detrimental to room temperature tensile properties. The FL microstructures were obtained after heat treatment in phase region using DP microstructure, the uniform FFL microstructure was beneficial to comprehensive properties.

Influence of Processing Parameters on Granularity Distribution of Superalloy Powders during PREP

In order to investigate the influence of processing parameters on the granularity distribution of superalloy powders during the atomization of plasma rotating electrode processing (PREP), in this paper FGH95 superalloy powders is prepared under different processing conditions by PREP and the influence of PREP processing parameters on the granularity distribution of FGH95 superalloy powders is discussed based on fractal geometry theory. The results show that with the increase of rotating velocity of the self-consuming electrode, the fractal dimension of the granularity distribution increases linearly, which results in the increase of the proportion of smaller powders. The change of interval between plasma gun and the self-consuming electrode has a little effect on the granularity distribution, also the fractal dimension of the granularity distribution changed a little correspondingly.

Influence of Material Flow in Steel Manufacturing Process on Atmosphere Environmental Load

The standard material flow diagram in steel manufacturing process was proposed to analyze the influences of various material flows on environmental load of 1tof final product.Two influence factors and reducing measures of environmental load were pointed out.The environmental load was appraised for a typical technological process in a Chinese steel plant.

Application of Cooling Water in Controlled Runout Table Cooling on Hot Strip Mill

The controlled runout table cooling is essential in determining the final mechanical properties and flatness of steel strip.The heat of a hot steel strip is mainly extracted by cooling water during runout.In order to study the heat transfer by water jet impingement boiling during runout,apilot facility was constructed at the University of British Columbia.On this pilot facility,the water jet impingement tests were carried out under various cooling conditions to investigate the effect of processing parameters,such as cooling water temperature,water jet impingement velocity,initial strip temperature,water flow rate,water nozzle diameter and array of water nozzles,on the heat transfer of heated strip.The results obtained contribute to the optimization of cooling water during runout.

Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics to analysis of metallurgical process for continuous casting tundishes

A series of simulations by mathematical and physical modeling on fluid flow,mass and heat transfer in continuous casting tundishes have been carried out. It was found bycomputational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation that in most cases tundish flow must be treated as anon-isothermal reactor due to the existence of temperature difference between the transport ladleand the tundish. The critical conditions when the non-isothermal flow in the tundish can not beneglected have been found by CFD simulation and water modeling. A direct measurement in a 40 ttundish has confirmed the simulation results.

Surface Roughness of Flux Film in Continuous Casting Mold

The corundum plates with a groove were used to freeze molten flux into solid slice to simulate the flux film formed in continuous casting mold,and thereby to study the formation mechanism of flux film with different surface roughness.The effect of some factors on the surface roughness of flux film,such as reheating rate,cooling rate,flux film thickness and crystallization ratio,was discussed.

Mullite Continuous Ceramic Fiber Prepared by Sol—Gel Method

As oxide materials,continuous mullite fiber has superior properties in high temperature resis-tance when exposed in air,Present work shows the production of oxide solutio and the spinning of the nullite fiber,The stable spinning lasted over 10 hours,The strength of the mullite-based fiber is 1900 MPa with a diameter of 10μm after about 1000℃ treatment,When the treatment temperature exceeds 1300℃ the grains of fiber become column crystals and results in reduction of fiber strength.

Laser Welding of Ultra-Fine Grained Steel SS400

The catalytic effects of minerals (oxides) on solution loss reaction of coke were investigated in detail by adding oxides to coal which produces coke or absorbing oxides on coke surface. The mineral catalysis index ( MCI ) which can be used to evaluate catalytic effects of minerals on solution loss of coke comprehensively was proposed. Using the volatility of coal in dry basis and MCI of coal as independent variables to control coke reactivity, the mathematical models of predicting coke reactivity index, coke strength of reactivity were constructed on the basis of the experimental results.

Dependence of Effective Anisotropy on Grain Size in Nanocrystalline Nd_2Fe_(14)B Hard Magnetic Material

Taking nanocrystalline Nd_2Fe_(14)B as a typical sample, based on Herzer′s random anisotropy theory and the cubic grain model, the partial exchange-coupling interaction model was established and the dependence of effective anisotropy constant K_(eff) on grain size was investigated. Calculation results reveal that the exchange-coupling interaction enhances and the effective anisotropy of material K_(eff) decreases with the reduction of grain size. The variation of K_(eff) is basically the same as that of coercivity. The decrease of effective anisotropy is the main reason of the reduction of coercivity for nanocrystalline Nd_2Fe_(14)B permanent magnetic material.

Mechanical Properties and Friction/Wear Behavior of Copper Alloyed Powder Composites

Copper alloyed powder composites containing nanoparticles were developed by hot pressing. Effects of nanoscale activated sintering aid and fine ceramic particles Al_2O_3 on hardness, working quality, and behaviors of friction and wear of the composites have been studied, compared with the composites including microscale activated sintering aid and microscale ceramic particles. The microstructures of the samples were analyzed by SEM. The results show that the materials with nanoscale sintering aid and fine ceramic particles have betuer mechanical properties and abrasive resistance than the materials with microscale activated sintering aid and microceramic particles. Moreover, element mutual transfer occurs between samples (strip) and abrasive wheel (ring).

Bending Strength and Fracture Behavior of Ni50Mn29Ga21 Alloy with Terbium

The bending strength and fracture behaviors of Ni50Mn29Ga21 alloy with terbium were investigated.The results show that the bending strength of the alloy is increased dramatically with the increase of terbium content.The fracture appearance of the sample without terbium is dominated by grain boundary fracture,while that with terbium is dominated by cleavage fracture with the increase of terbium content.Moreover,the grains are refined obviously and the oxygen content is decreased after adding terbium.