Anomaly Detection Using Data Rate of Change on Medical Data

The identification and mitigation of anomaly data,characterized by deviations from normal patterns or singularities,stand as critical endeavors in modern technological landscapes,spanning domains such as Non-Fungible Tokens(NFTs),cyber-security,and the burgeoning metaverse.This paper presents a novel proposal aimed at refining anomaly detection methodologies,with a particular focus on continuous data streams.The essence of the proposed approach lies in analyzing the rate of change within such data streams,leveraging this dynamic aspect to discern anomalies with heightened precision and efficacy.Through empirical evaluation,our method demonstrates a marked improvement over existing techniques,showcasing more nuanced and sophisticated result values.Moreover,we envision a trajectory of continuous research and development,wherein iterative refinement and supplementation will tailor our approach to various anomaly detection scenarios,ensuring adaptability and robustness in real-world applications.

Diagnostic and management challenges in primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma with necrosis,inflammation,and surgical intervention:A case report

BACKGROUND Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma(PC-ALCL)poses significant diagnostic difficulties due to its similarity in the appearance of skin lesions with chronic inflammatory disorders and other dermatological conditions.This study aims to investigate these challenges by conducting a comprehensive analysis of a case presenting with PC-ALCL,emphasizing the necessity of accurate differentiation for appropriate management.CASE SUMMARY An 89-year-old female patient with diabetes and hypertension presented with arm and abdominal ulcerated mass lesions.Diagnostic procedures included skin biopsies,histopathological assessments,and immunohistochemistry,complemented by advanced imaging techniques to confirm the diagnosis.The patient’s lesions were determined as PC-ALCL,characterized by necrosis,chronic inflammation,and a distinct immunophenotypic profile,including CD30,CD3,CD4,and EBER,CD56,MUM-1,Ki 67-positive in>80%of tumor cells,CD10,but negative for anaplastic lymphoma kinase,CD5,CD20,PAX-5,Bcl-2,Bcl-6,CD8,and CD15.Recurrence was not reported at the 6-month follow-up.CONCLUSION Accurate PC-ALCL differentiation from similar conditions is crucial for effective management and requires a multidisciplinary approach.

Ear keloid and epidermal cyst following auricular cartilage harvest for rhinoplasty:A case report

BACKGROUND This case report highlights a rare instance of concurrent keloid and epidermal cyst development at an ear cartilage harvest site following rhinoplasty in a 25-year-old woman.Both conditions,which typically stem from skin trauma,seldom occur together,demonstrating the exceptional characteristics of this case.CASE SUMMARY The patient underwent successful surgical removal of both the keloid and the epidermal cyst.Postoperative treatment included the use of silicone sheets,gel,and oral tranilast to reduce scarring.No recurrence was observed over a 6-mo follow-up period,indicating effective management of the condition.CONCLUSION The effective management of complex skin trauma cases underscores the need for individualized treatment strategies in plastic surgery.

Incidental renal cell carcinoma post bilateral nephrectomy in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

BACKGROUND Renal cell carcinoma(RCC)is more common in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease(ADPKD)than in the general population.Diagnosing RCC in ADPKD is challenging due to the presence of multiple renal cysts,often leading to delays and difficulties in distinguishing RCC from cyst infection or hemorrhage.A total of 38 kidneys were excised from 19 patients,with a mean age of 56.8 years and an average hemodialysis duration of 84.2 months.Eight patients underwent open nephrectomies,and 11 underwent hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrec-tomies.RCC was detected in 15.8%of kidneys,affecting 21.1%of patients.Two patients had multifocal RCC in both kidneys.All RCC cases were pT1 stage,with the largest lesion averaging 16.5 mm in diameter.The average operative duration was 120 minutes,with intraoperative blood loss averaging 184.2 mL.Five patients required blood transfusions.Postoperative complications occurred in five patients,with a mean hospital stay of 17.1 days.The mean follow-up period was 28.1 months.CONCLUSION The prevalence of RCC is higher in patients with ADPKD with ESRD than in those with ESRD alone.Thus,clinicians should be cautious and implement surveillance programs to monitor the development of RCC in patients with ADPKD,particularly those on dialysis.

A Harmonic Approach to Handwriting Style Synthesis Using Deep Learning

The challenging task of handwriting style synthesis requires capturing the individuality and diversity of human handwriting.The majority of currently available methods use either a generative adversarial network(GAN)or a recurrent neural network(RNN)to generate new handwriting styles.This is why these techniques frequently fall short of producing diverse and realistic text pictures,particularly for terms that are not commonly used.To resolve that,this research proposes a novel deep learning model that consists of a style encoder and a text generator to synthesize different handwriting styles.This network excels in generating conditional text by extracting style vectors from a series of style images.The model performs admirably on a range of handwriting synthesis tasks,including the production of text that is out-of-vocabulary.It works more effectively than previous approaches by displaying lower values on key Generative Adversarial Network evaluation metrics,such Geometric Score(GS)(3.21×10^(-5))and Fréchet Inception Distance(FID)(8.75),as well as text recognition metrics,like Character Error Rate(CER)and Word Error Rate(WER).A thorough component analysis revealed the steady improvement in image production quality,highlighting the importance of specific handwriting styles.Applicable fields include digital forensics,creative writing,and document security.

Chemical incorporation of SiO_(2) into TiO_(2) layer by green plasma enhancer and quencher agents for synchronized improvements in the protective and bioactive properties

This study explores the dynamic interaction between environmentally sustainable plasma enhancer and quencher agents during the incorporation of SiO_(2) into a TiO_(2) layer,with the primary objective of simultaneously augmenting protective and bioactive attributes.This enhancement is realized through the synergistic utilization of Tetraethyl orthosilicate(TE)and Stevia(ST)within a plasma-assisted oxidation process.To achieve this goal,Ti–6Al–4V alloy underwent oxidation in an electrolyte solution containing acetate-glycerophosphate,with the addition of TE and ST separately and in combination.TE,as a silicon oxide(SiO_(2))precursor,facilitates the creation of a calcium-rich,rough,porous layer by undergoing hydrolysis to generate silanol groups(Si–OH),which subsequently condense into silicon-oxygen-silicon(Si–O–Si)bonds,resulting in SiO_(2) formation.In contrast,ST acts as a plasma quencher,absorbing highly reactive plasma species during the oxidation process,reducing energy levels,and diminishing sparking intensity.The combination of TE and ST results in moderate sparking,balancing Stevia's quenching effect and TE's sparking influence.As a result,this coating exhibits enhanced corrosion resistance and bioactivity compared to using either ST or TE alone.The study highlights the potential of this synergistic approach for advanced TiO_(2)-based coatings.

Practical operating flexibility of a bifunctional freestanding membrane for efficient anion exchange membrane water electrolysis across all current ranges

This study explores a symmetric configuration approach in anion exchange membrane(AEM)water electrolysis,focusing on overcoming adaptability challenges in dynamic conditions.Here,a rapid and mild synthesis technique for fabricating fibrous membrane-type catalyst electrodes is developed.Our method leverages the contrasting oxidation states between the sulfur-doped NiFe(OH)2 shell and the metallic Ni core,as revealed by electron energy loss spectroscopy.Theoretical evaluations confirm that the S–NiFe(OH)_(2) active sites optimize free energy for alkaline water electrolysis intermediates.This technique bypasses traditional energy-intensive processes,achieving superior bifunctional activity beyond current benchmarks.The symmetric AEM water electrolyzer demonstrates a current density of 2 A cm^(-2) at 1.78 V at 60℃ in 1 M KOH electrolyte and also sustains ampere-scale water electrolysis below 2.0 V for 140 h even in ambient conditions.These results highlight the system's operational flexibility and structural stability,marking a significant advance-ment in AEM water electrolysis technology.

A Comprehensive Survey on Federated Learning in the Healthcare Area: Concept and Applications

Federated learning is an innovative machine learning technique that deals with centralized data storage issues while maintaining privacy and security.It involves constructing machine learning models using datasets spread across several data centers,including medical facilities,clinical research facilities,Internet of Things devices,and even mobile devices.The main goal of federated learning is to improve robust models that benefit from the collective knowledge of these disparate datasets without centralizing sensitive information,reducing the risk of data loss,privacy breaches,or data exposure.The application of federated learning in the healthcare industry holds significant promise due to the wealth of data generated from various sources,such as patient records,medical imaging,wearable devices,and clinical research surveys.This research conducts a systematic evaluation and highlights essential issues for the selection and implementation of federated learning approaches in healthcare.It evaluates the effectiveness of federated learning strategies in the field of healthcare.It offers a systematic analysis of federated learning in the healthcare domain,encompassing the evaluation metrics employed.In addition,this study highlights the increasing interest in federated learning applications in healthcare among scholars and provides foundations for further studies.

Hybrid millimeter wave heterogeneous networks with spatially correlated user equipment

In this paper,we analyze a hybrid Heterogeneous Cellular Network(HCNet)framework by deploying millimeter Wave(mmWave)small cells with coexisting traditional sub-6GHz macro cells to achieve improved coverage and high data rate.We consider randomly-deployed macro base stations throughout the network whereas mmWave Small Base Stations(SBSs)are deployed in the areas with high User Equipment(UE)density.Such user centric deployment of mmWave SBSs inevitably incurs correlation between UE and SBSs.For a realistic scenario where the UEs are distributed according to Poisson cluster process and directional beamforming with line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight transmissions is adopted for mmWave communication.By using tools from stochastic geometry,we develop an analytical framework to analyze various performance metrics in the downlink hybrid HCNets under biased received power association.For UE clustering we considered Thomas cluster process and derive expressions for the association probability,coverage probability,area spectral efficiency,and energy efficiency.We also provide Monte Carlo simulation results to validate the accuracy of the derived expressions.Furthermore,we analyze the impact of mmWave operating frequency,antenna gain,small cell biasing,and BSs density to get useful engineering insights into the performance of hybrid mmWave HCNets.Our results show that network performance is significantly improved by deploying millimeter wave SBS instead of microwave BS in hot spots.

Functionally graded structure of a nitride-strengthened Mg_(2)Si-based hybrid composite

The ex-situ incorporation of the secondary SiC reinforcement,along with the in-situ incorporation of the tertiary and quaternary Mg_(3)N_(2) and Si_(3)N_(4) phases,in the primary matrix of Mg_(2)Si is employed in order to provide ultimate wear resistance based on the laser-irradiation-induced inclusion of N_(2) gas during laser powder bed fusion.This is substantialized based on both the thermal diffusion-and chemical reactionbased metallurgy of the Mg_(2)Si–SiC/nitride hybrid composite.This study also proposes a functional platform for systematically modulating a functionally graded structure and modeling build-direction-dependent architectonics during additive manufacturing.This strategy enables the development of a compositional gradient from the center to the edge of each melt pool of the Mg_(2)Si–SiC/nitride hybrid composite.Consequently,the coefficient of friction of the hybrid composite exhibits a 309.3%decrease to–1.67 compared to–0.54 for the conventional nonreinforced Mg_(2)Si structure,while the tensile strength exhibits a 171.3%increase to 831.5 MPa compared to 485.3 MPa for the conventional structure.This outstanding mechanical behavior is due to the(1)the complementary and synergistic reinforcement effects of the SiC and nitride compounds,each of which possesses an intrinsically high hardness,and(2)the strong adhesion of these compounds to the Mg_(2)Si matrix despite their small sizes and low concentrations.

Deep Facial Emotion Recognition Using Local Features Based on Facial Landmarks for Security System

Emotion recognition based on facial expressions is one of the most critical elements of human-machine interfaces.Most conventional methods for emotion recognition using facial expressions use the entire facial image to extract features and then recognize specific emotions through a pre-trained model.In contrast,this paper proposes a novel feature vector extraction method using the Euclidean distance between the landmarks changing their positions according to facial expressions,especially around the eyes,eyebrows,nose,andmouth.Then,we apply a newclassifier using an ensemble network to increase emotion recognition accuracy.The emotion recognition performance was compared with the conventional algorithms using public databases.The results indicated that the proposed method achieved higher accuracy than the traditional based on facial expressions for emotion recognition.In particular,our experiments with the FER2013 database show that our proposed method is robust to lighting conditions and backgrounds,with an average of 25% higher performance than previous studies.Consequently,the proposed method is expected to recognize facial expressions,especially fear and anger,to help prevent severe accidents by detecting security-related or dangerous actions in advance.

Transverse myelitis caused by herpes zoster following COVID-19 vaccination:A case report

BACKGROUND Transverse myelitis(TM)is characterized by sudden lower extremity progressive weakness and sensory impairment,and most patients have a history of advanced viral infection symptoms.A variety of disorders can cause TM in association with viral or nonviral infection,vascular,neoplasia,collagen vascular,and iatrogenic,such as vaccination.Vaccination has become common through the global implementation against coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and reported complications like herpes zoster(HZ)activation has increased.CASE SUMMARY This is a 68-year-old woman who developed multiple pustules and scabs at the T6-T9 dermatome site 1 wk after vaccination with the COVID-19 vaccine(Oxford/AstraZeneca([ChAdOx1S{recombinant}]).The patient had a paraplegia aggravation 3 wk after HZ symptoms started.Spinal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)showed transverse myelitis at the T6–T9 Level.Treatment was acyclovir with steroids combined with physical therapy.Her neurological function was slowly restored by Day 17.CONCLUSION HZ developed after COVID-19 vaccination,which may lead to more severe complications.Therefore,HZ treatment itself should not be delayed.If neurological complications worsen after appropriate management,an immediate diagnostic procedure,such as magnetic resonance imaging and laboratory tests,will start and should treat the neurological complications.

Electromyogram Based Personal Recognition Using Attention Mechanism for IoT Security

As Internet of Things(IoT)technology develops,integrating network functions into diverse equipment introduces new challenges,particularly in dealing with counterfeit issues.Over the past few decades,research efforts have focused on leveraging electromyogram(EMG)for personal recognition,aiming to address security concerns.However,obtaining consistent EMG signals from the same individual is inherently challenging,resulting in data irregularity issues and consequently decreasing the accuracy of personal recognition.Notably,conventional studies in EMG-based personal recognition have overlooked the issue of data irregularities.This paper proposes an innovative approach to personal recognition that combines a siamese fusion network with an auxiliary classifier,effectively mitigating the impact of data irregularities in EMG-based recognition.The proposed method employs empirical mode decomposition(EMD)to extract distinctive features.The model comprises two sub-networks designed to follow the siamese network architecture and a decision network integrated with the novel auxiliary classifier,specifically designed to address data irregularities.The two sub-networks sharing a weight calculate the compatibility function.The auxiliary classifier collaborates with a neural network to implement an attention mechanism.The attention mechanism using the auxiliary classifier solves the data irregularity problem by improving the importance of the EMG gesture section.Experimental results validated the efficacy of the proposed personal recognition method,achieving a remarkable 94.35%accuracy involving 100 subjects from the multisession CU_sEMG database(DB).This performance outperforms the existing approaches by 3%,employing auxiliary classifiers.Furthermore,an additional experiment yielded an improvement of over 0.85%of Ninapro DB,3%of CU_sEMG DB compared to the existing EMG-based recognition methods.Consequently,the proposed personal recognition using EMG proves to secure IoT devices,offering robustness against data irregularities.

Intraoperative sudden arrhythmias in cervical spine surgery adjacent to the stellate ganglion:A case report

BACKGROUND Atrial arrhythmias such as paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia(PSVT)and atrial flutter(AF)are common in the perioperative setting.They commonly resolve spontaneously.However,occasionally,they may continually progress to fatal arrhythmias or cause complications.Therefore,prompt and appropriate management is important.CASE SUMMARY A 46-year-old female patient diagnosed with cervical C6-7 radiculopathy characterized by decreased sensation in the right third,fourth and fifth fingers underwent C6-7 anterior cervical disc fusion surgery.Electrocardiography showed PSVT and ventricular tachycardia during C6-7 disc retraction.However,the patient remained stable.Initial treatment with esmolol and lidocaine for ventricular tachycardia was ineffective.Carotid massage and Valsalva maneuver were attempted but PSVT did not resolve.The surgery was paused,and the patient’s fraction of inspired oxygen was set to 100%.Adenosine was administered for pharmacological management of PSVT.The arrhythmia temporarily resolved.However,it then transformed into AF.Diltiazem was administered,which briefly decreased blood pressure,which immediately recovered.Surgery resumed while the patient was in normal sinus rhythm.She was discharged safely on postoperative day 6 without complications or abnormalities.Currently,she is living a healthy life without arrhythmia recurrence.CONCLUSION Ganglia associated with cardiac arrhythmias in the surgical site should be identified during cervical spine surgery.

Primary renal lymphoma presenting as renal failure: A case report and review of literature from 1989

BACKGROUND Primary renal lymphoma(PRL)is extremely rare with an incidence of 0.7%among extranodal lymphomas.Occult renal lymphoma,which mimics medical renal disease and bilateral renal involvement,presents a diagnostic challenge to nephrologists and radiologists as the clinical and radiological findings are mostly non-specific or inconclusive.Acute kidney injury(AKI)is not an uncommon finding in renal infiltration due to malignant lymphoma.However,only 14%of cases are detected before death,and the low diagnostic rate may be due to the non-specific clinical manifestations of renal involvement,with only 0.5%of these cases presenting with AKI.Moreover,PRL is difficult to diagnose based on clinical,biochemical,and radiologic features,especially,in the case of bilateral diffuse involvement.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we report a 74-year-old woman with primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma who presented with AKI diagnosed by ultrasound-guided needle biopsy.We also report the clinicopathologic findings of 121 PRL cases reported since 1989,by conducting a literature review of published cases.CONCLUSION A timely renal biopsy provides the most expedient means of establishing the diagnosis.Thus,early identification of the disease by the clinician facilitates early diagnosis toward effective treatment.

夏季西太副热带高压的东西偏移和对流层低层环流变化的主要模态的关系

夏季西太平洋副热带高压的东西偏移显著影响我国的气候异常．文中首先修订了原有的副高东西指数定义,并利用它分析了副高东西偏移和850 hPa环流主要变化模态之间的关系,发现副高东西偏移和环流变化的第一、第二模态均有显著的相关关系,特别是和第二模态在1958—2003年(46年)的相关系数高达0．78．由于第二模态没有对应明显的海温异常信号,上述结果意味着对夏季副高东西偏移的季度预测可能是一个比较困难的问题．此外,由于这两个模态的共同作用,特别是第二模态的作用,导致1978年以来副高东西偏移的年际变率明显变大,这可能是最近20多年我国气候异常频发的原因．

高校英语专业英美文学课程教学改革与研究——评《高校英语专业英美文学教学改革策略研究》

在高校英语专业的教学体系中,英美文学课程长期处于次要的、辅助性的、被忽略的地位,且由于对英语专业英美文学课程教学的意义与价值理解不足,学生未能有效锻炼其在英美文学鉴赏、评析、翻译、融合应用方面的英语专业能力,一定程度上限制了英语专业教学的现代化发展。刘丹所著的《高校英语专业英美文学教学改革策略研究》充分认识到英语专业英美文学课程教学的重要性,广泛整合了当下高校英语专业在英美文学教学实践中的改革实践成果。

Inhibition of pacemaker activity in interstitial cells of Cajal by LPS via NF-κB and MAP kinase

AIM:To investigate lipopolysaccharide(LPS) related signal transduction in interstitial cells of Cajal(ICCs) from mouse small intestine.METHODS:For this study,primary culture of ICCs was prepared from the small intestine of the mouse.LPS was treated to the cells prior to measurement of the membrane currents by using whole-cell patch clamp technique.Immunocytochemistry was used to examine the expression of the proteins in ICCs.RESULTS:LPS suppressed the pacemaker currents of ICCs and this could be blocked by AH6809,a prostaglandin E2-EP2 receptor antagonist or NG-Nitro-Larginine Methyl Ester,an inhibitor of nitric oxide(NO) synthase.Toll-like receptor 4,inducible NO synthase or cyclooxygenase-2 immunoreactivity by specific antibodies was detected on ICCs.Catalase(antioxidant agent) had no action on LPS-induced action in ICCs.LPS actions were blocked by nuclear factor kB(NF-kB) inhibitor,actinomycin D(a gene transcription inhibitor),PD 98059(a p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinases inhibitor) or SB 203580 [a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK) inhibitor].SB 203580 also blocked the prostaglandin E2-induced action on pacemaker currents in ICCs but not NO.CONCLUSION:LPS inhibit the pacemaker currents in ICCs via prostaglandin E2-and NO-dependent mechanism through toll-like receptor 4 and suggest that MAPK and NF-kB are implicated in these actions.

Combined treatment of phacoemulsification and single-port limited pars plana vitrectomy in acute angle-closure glaucoma

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of combined treatment of phacoemulsification(PE) and micro-incisional single-port transconjunctival limited pars plana vitrectomy(PPV) in acute angle-closure glaucoma(AACG).METHODS: A retrospective study included 26 patients who underwent PE diagnosed with AACG. Among them, 16 patients(16 eyes) underwent PE alone, 10 patients(10 eyes) underwent combined limited vitrectomy and PE. Then we compared intraocular pressure(IOP), anterior chamber angle, anterior chamber depth, central corneal thickness and corneal endothelial cell count before and after surgery, and effective PE time during cataract surgery.RESULTS: Effective PE time was shorter in the combined surgery group than in the single surgery group(P=0.040). There was no statistically significant difference in IOP and best-corrected visual acuity between the two groups postoperatively. At 6 mo postoperatively, there was no difference in the anterior chamber angle, anterior chamber depth, and central corneal thickness between two groups, but corneal endothelial cell count was higher in the combined surgery group than in the single surgery group(P=0.046). No complication such as vitreoretinal disease, endophthalmitis, bullous keratopathy was noted.CONCLUSION: Combined micro-incisional single-port transconjunctival limited PPV and PE are more effective and safer than PE alone because of less operation time and fewer complications for management of AACG.

Electrochemical behavior of Co-Cr and Ni-Cr dental cast alloys

The cast structures influencing the electrochemical corrosion behavior of Co-Cr and Ni-Cr dental alloys were studied using potentiodynamic polarization and AC impedance in 0.9% (mass fraction) NaCl solution at (37±1) ℃. The phase and microstructure of the alloys that were fabricated using two different casting methods viz. centrifugal casting and high frequency induction casting, were examined using X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The roles of alloying elements and the passive film homogeneity on the corrosion resistance of Co-Cr-Mo and Ni-Cr-Mo dental cast alloys were reviewed. The results of electrochemical study show that the dependence of corrosion resistance on the microstructure associated with the casting methods is marginal. The Co-Cr alloy exhibits more desirable corrosion resistance properties than the Ni-Cr alloy. There is severe preferential dissolution of Ni-rich, Cr and Mo depleted zones in the Ni-Cr alloy.