Hericium erinaceus: the enchanting medicinal-culinary mushroom of East Asian tradition

Hericium mushrooms,a type of fungi imbued with mystical connotations in traditional East Asian diet and medicine,hold a prestigious position as the foremost among the“eight treasures of the mountain”in China,earning them the moniker“mountain delicacies and marine flavors.”As traditional medicinal fungi,Hericium mushrooms are renowned for their brain-boosting and cognitive-enhancing properties.Hericium erinaceus(H.erinaceus)is the leading variety of Hericium mushrooms and has been cultivated on a large scale.In addition,some new species such as the Hericium coralloides,Hericium alpestre,and Hericium rajendrae have been progressively discovered and documented[1,2].The recent pursuit of health and nutrition has propelled this nutrient-rich and bioactive mushroom into the limelight.This article explores the traditional uses of Hericium mushrooms,the chemical structures and biological activities of their secondary metabolites,as well as the pivotal role of omics technologies in this field(Figure 1).

Research process in application of fluorescent sensor for pesticide detection

The survival of human beings is inseparable from the development of agriculture.The use of pesticides is still an important means to ensure agricultural production,economic benefits and the national economy.With the abuse of pesticides,some pesticides are difficult to degrade after entering the natural world,which leads to many serious problems through the transmission and enrichment of food chains.Pesticide residue detection is a long-term challenge in the field of environment and food safety detection.In recent years,a large number of studies have been carried out on the detection of pesticide residues based on fluorescence sensing methods.This paper focuses on the application of fluorescence sensors in environmental samples or food,and analyzes the advantages and problems of existing fluorescence sensors in design,construction and data processing.Finally,the possible improvement directions in the future are discussed to promote its potential commercial value application research.

Design,synthesis and biological evaluation of thiazole and imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives containing a hydrazone substructure as potential agrochemicals

Agricultural chemicals with multifunctional applications in crop protection have attracted increasing attention.Herein,two new series of thiazole and imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives containing a hydrazone substructure were designed and synthesized via a concise synthesis route.Bioassay results showed that most of the thiazole derivatives exhibited broad-spectrum fungistatic activities,which were exemplified by compounds 1c,1e,1g,1h and 1j.In particular,compound 1e displayed excellent in vitro inhibitory effects with the EC50 values of 5.00,18.24,6.94,and 3.03μg/mL against the fungi Botrytis cinerea,Cytospora sp,Fusarium graminearum,and Fusarium solani,respectively.Detached fruit experiments against tomato gray mold(caused by B.cinerea)in vivo revealed that the control efficiency of compound 1e at 10,20 and 40μg/mL for 5 days was 35.05%,54.14%and 81.83%,respectively,which was comparable and even superior to that of the fungicide carbendazim.Additionally,the title compounds also showed remarkable larvicidal activity against M.separata and some compounds exhibited good aphicidal activity.In a word,the bioassay indicated that a certain number of title compounds had multiple biological activities.Given their excellent antifungal and larvicidal characteristics,these interesting derivatives based on the title compounds could be served as new scaffolds for the development of pesticide with multifunctional applications.

H_(2)S and NIR light-driven nanomotors induce disulfidptosis for targeted anticancer therapy by enhancing disruption of tumor metabolic symbiosis

Disulfidptosis,a novel mechanism of programmed cell death through the disruption of tumor metabolic symbiosis(TMS),has showed tremendous potential in cancer therapy.However,the efficacy of disulfidptosis is limited by poor permeability of drugs in solid tumors.Herein,hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)and nearinfrared(NIR)light-driven nanomotors(denoted as HGPP)have been constructed to efficiently penetrate tumors and induce disulfidptosis.HGPP demonstrate glutathione(GSH)-responsive release of H_(2)S,which combined with NIR light-induced photothermal effect drive HGPP movement to facilitate deep tumor penetration.The released H_(2)S induces tumor acidosis and disrupts TMS,where disulfide accumulation following cell starvation leads to disulfidptosis.In addition,HGPP induce hepatoma specific cellular uptake and catalyze the conversion of glucose and oxygen to produce hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)),leading to glucose starvation.Overall,this study has developed a multifunctional Janus nanomotor that provides a novel strategy for disulfidptosis-based solid tumor therapy.

The alkynyl-containing compounds from mushrooms and their biological activities

Mushrooms have been utilized by humans for thousands of years due to their medicinal and nutritional properties.They are a crucial natural source of bioactive secondary metabolites,and recent advancements have led to the isolation of several alkynyl-containing compounds with potential medicinal uses.Despite their relatively low abundance,naturally occurring alkynyl compounds have attracted considerable attention due to their high reactivity.Bioactivity studies have shown that alkynyl compounds exhibit significant biological and pharmacological activities,including antitumor,antibacterial,antifungal,insecticidal,phototoxic,HIV-inhibitory,and immunosuppressive properties.This review systematically compiles 213 alkynyl-containing bioactive compounds isolated from mushrooms since 1947 and summarizes their diverse biological activities,focusing mainly on cytotoxicity and anticancer effects.This review serves as a detailed and comprehensive reference for the chemical structures and bioactivity of alkynyl-containing secondary metabolites from mushrooms.Moreover,it provides theoretical support for the development of chemical constituents containing alkynyl compounds in mushrooms based on academic research and theory.

J-aggregation of photosensitizers leads to an ultrahigh drug-loading system for targeted delivery

Drug loading capacity is very important in the construction of targeted drug delivery systems(TDDSs)for the improvement of drug delivery efficiency.However,the drug-loading capacity of most nanomaterials is non-idealistic,and developing the high drug-loading TDDSs is still a critical challenge.In this work,an ultrahigh loading system(denoted as HMPB_(2))was prepared via J-aggregation of an aza-boron dipyrromethene derivative(Bod)by using hollow MnO_(2)modified with glucosamine pillar[5]arene as a carrier,which was demonstrated to have typical J-aggregate absorption of Bod,specific cancer cells targeting ability,negligible dark cytotoxicity,and potent phototoxicity.This work provides a successful example to construct an ultrahigh drug-loading system via J-aggregation for targeted delivery.

Dual-extraction modeling:A multi-modal deeplearning architecture for phenotypic prediction and functional gene mining of complex traits

Despite considerable advances in extracting crucial insights from bio-omics data to unravel the intricate mechanisms underlying complex traits,the absence of a universal multi-modal computational tool with robust interpretability for accurate phenotype prediction and identification of trait-associated genes remains a challenge.This study introduces the dual-extraction modeling(DEM)approach,a multi-modal deep-learning architecture designed to extract representative features from heterogeneous omics datasets,enabling the prediction of complex trait phenotypes.Through comprehensive benchmarking experiments,we demonstrate the efficacy of DEM in classification and regression prediction of complex traits.DEM consistently exhibits superior accuracy,robustness,generalizability,and flexibility.Notably,we establish its effectiveness in predicting pleiotropic genes that influence both flowering time and rosette leaf number,underscoring its commendable interpretability.In addition,we have developed user-friendly software to facilitate seamless utilization of DEM’s functions.In summary,this study presents a state-of-the-art approach with the ability to effectively predict qualitative and quantitative traits and identify functional genes,confirming its potential as a valuable tool for exploring the genetic basis of complex traits.

The chemical structures,biosynthesis,and biological activities of secondary metabolites from the culinary-medicinal mushrooms of the genus Hericium:a review

Fungal phytochemicals derived from higher fungi,particularly those from the culinary-medicinal genus Hericium,have gained significant attention in drug discovery and healthcare.This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the chemical structures,biosynthetic pathways,biological activities,and pharmacological properties of monomeric compounds isolated from Hericium species.Over the past 34 years,253 metabolites have been identified from various Hericium species,including cyathane diterpenes,alkaloids,benzofurans,chromenes,phenols,pyrones,steroids,and other miscellaneous compounds.Detailed investigations into the biosynthesis of erinacines,a type of cyathane diterpene,have led to the discovery of novel cyathane diterpenes.Extensive research has highlighted the biological activities and pharmacological properties of Hericium-derived compounds,with particular emphasis on their neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects,immunomodulatory capabilities,anti-cancer activity,antioxidant properties,and antimicrobial actions.Erinacine A,in particular,has been extensively studied.Genomic,transcriptomic,and proteomic analyses of Hericium species have facilitated the discovery of new compounds and provided insights into enzymatic reactions through genome mining.The diverse chemical structures and biological activities of Hericium compounds underpin their potential applications in medicine and as dietary supplements.This review not only advances our understanding of Hericium compounds but also encourages further research into Hericium species within the realms of medicine,health,functional foods,and agricultural microbiology.The broad spectrum of compound types and their diverse biological activities present promising opportunities for the development of new pharmaceuticals and edible products.

Spectral properties and Judd-Ofelt analysis of novel red phosphors Gd_(2)InSbO_(7):Eu^(3+)with high color purity for white LEDs

Gd_(2)InSbO_(7):Eu^(3+)red phosphors we re successfully synthesized via high-temperature solid-state reactio n.The phase purity,particle size,and luminescence properties of obtained phosphors were measured and analyzed in detail.The Gd_(2)InSbO_(7)lattice possesses cubic structure with F_(d-3 m)(227)space group.The phosphors emit bright red emission at 628 nm under 393 nm excitation,and this phenomenon is attributed to the^(5)D0-^(7)F_(2)transition.The Judd-Ofelt parameters(Ω_(2),Ω_(4)),transition ratio,and branching ratios(β)of Eu^(3+)-doped Gd_(2)InSbO_(7)phosphor were calculated on the basis of the emission spectra and decay lifetimes.The optimal content in Gd_(2)InSbO_(7):xEu^(3+)is identified to be 15 mol%.The thermal quenching of Gd_(2)InSbO_(7):Eu^(3+)is found to be over 500 K,and its activation energy is 0.26 eV.The Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage(CIE)chromaticity coordinates of Gd_(2)InSbO_(7):15%Eu^(3+)are(0.629,0.371),which are close to ideal red chromaticity coordinates(0.670,0.330).The fabricated w-LED exhibits good color rendering index(Ra)(86),correlated color temperature(CCT)(6997 K),and CIE chromaticity coordinates(0.302,0.330).The obtained results demonstrate that Gd_(2)InSbO_(7):Eu^(3+)phosphors have potential applications in white LEDs.

Synthesis and optical properties of novel double perovskite Ca_(2)MgTeO_(6):Dy^(3+),Na^(+) phosphors for white LEDs

Novel yellow-emitting phosphors of Dy^(3+)-doped double perovskite Ca_(2)MgTeO_(6) were synthesized by using a conventional high-temperature solid-state reaction.The phase purity,particle morphology,size distribution,elemental composition,luminescence properties,and luminescence decay curves of the resulting products were then analyzed in detail.The Ca_(2)MgTeO_(6):Dy^(3+),Na^(+) phosphors show three emission peaks after near-ultraviolet excitation at 350 nm,which correspond to ^(4)F_(9/2)→^(6)H_(11/2),^(4)F_(9/2)→^(6)H_(13/2),and ^(4)F_(9/2)→^(6)H_(13/2) transitions,respectively.Among them,the strongest peak is observed at 573 nm.The best doping content of Dy^(3+)in Ca_(2)MgTeO_(6):xDy^(3+),xNa^(+) phosphors is x=5 mol%.The calculated critical distance of energy transfer between Dy^(3+) ions is 1.6 nm.Luminescence quenching is confirmed to be due to dipole-dipole interactions among Dy^(3+) ions.The phosphors show excellent thermal stability with high activation energy(0.27 eV).The Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage(CIE) chromaticity coordinates of the Ca_(2)MgTeO_(6) Dy^(3+),Na^(+) phosphors are located in the yellow region.White light-emitting diodes(w-LEDs) were fabricated with a high color rendering index(R_(a)) of 88 and a good correlated color temperature(CCT) of 5440 K.All observed properties indicate that Ca_(2)MgTeO_(6):Dy^(3+),Na^(+) phosphors have potential applications in display and photonic devices.

Multi-site occupancies and luminescence properties of cyan-emitting Ca_(9-x)NaGd_(2/3)(PO_(4))_(7):Eu^(2+)phosphors for white light-emitting diodes

Cyan-emitting Ca_(9)NaGd_(2/3)(PO_(4))_(7):Eu^(2+)phosphors were synthesized via high temperature solid-state route.X-ray powder diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)were used to verify the phase and morphology of the Ca_(9)NaGd_(2/3)(PO_(4))_(7):Eu^(2+)(CNGP:Eu^(2+))phosphors.The as-obtained phosphor exhibits a broad excitation band of 250-420 nm,which is near the ultraviolet region.An intense asymmetric cyan emission at 496 nm corresponds to the 5 d-4 f transition of Eu^(2+).The multiplesite luminescent properties of Eu^(2+)ions in CNGP benefit from versatile structure ofβ-Ca3(PO4)2 compounds.The effective energy transfer distance is 5.46 nm(through the spectral overlap calculation),validating that the resonant energy migration type is via dipole-dipole interaction mechanism.Compared to the initial one at room temperature,the luminescent intensity of CNGP:Eu^(2+)phosphor can maintain 77%as it is heated up to 420 K.A white light-emitting diode(WLED)with excellent luminesce nt properties was successfully fabricated.Moreover,the CIE chromaticity coordinates of fabricated WLED driven by changing current just change slightly.

Investigation of carbonyl amidation and O-methylation during biosynthesis of the pharmacophore pyridyl of antitumor piericidins

Piericidins are a large family of bacterialα-pyridone antibiotics with antitumor activities such as their anti-renal carcinoma activity exhibited recently in nude mice.The backbones of piericidins are derived fromβ,δ-diketo carboxylic acids,which are offloaded from a modular polyketide synthase(PKS)and putatively undergo a carbonyl amidation beforeα-pyridone ring formation.The tailoring modifications to theα-pyridone structure mainly include the verified hydroxylation and O-methylation of the C-4′position and an unidentified C-5′O-methylation.Here,we describe a piericidin producer,terrestrial Streptomyces conglobatus,which contains a piericidin biosynthetic gene cluster in two different loci.Deletion of the amidotransferase gene pieD resulted in the accumulation of two fatty acids that should be degraded from the nascent carboxylic acid released by the PKS,supporting the carbonyl amidation function of PieD duringα-pyridone ring formation.Deletion of the O-methyltransferase gene pieB1 led to the production of three piericidin analogues lacking C-5′O-methylation,therefore confirming that PieB1 specifically catalyses the tailoring modification.Moreover,bioactivity analysis of the mutant-derived products provided clues regarding the structure-function relationship for antitumor activity.The work addresses two previously unidentified steps involved in pyridyl pharmacophore formation during piericidin biosynthesis,facilitating the rational bioengineering of the biosynthetic pathway towards valuable antitumor agents.

Photoluminescence properties and thermal stability of Eu^(3+)-activated La_(7)Ta_(3)W_(4)O_(30) red-emitting phosphors for near-UV-excited w-LEDs

Novel trivalent europium(Eu^(3+))-activated La_(7)Ta_(3)W_(4)O_(30):xEu^(3+)(x=0.5 mol%-40 mol%) red-emitting phosphors were synthesized by means of a high-temperature solid-state reaction.The structure,morphology,photoluminescence,thermal-stability properties,lifetime,and color-rendering of the prepared phosphors were investigated in detail.The La_(7)Ta_(3)W_(4)O_(30):Eu^(3+) phosphors show five emission peaks under near-ultraviolet(n-UV) at 397 nm,and these peaks are ascribed to the transitions of ^(5)D0-^(7)Fj(j=0,1,2,3 and 4) by Eu^(3+) ions.The optimal doping concentration of Eu^(3+) is 20 mol%,and the critical distance of the energy transfer between the Eu^(3+)ions was calculated to be 1.768 nm.The quenching temperature(T_(0.5)) of La_(7)Ta_(3)W_(4)O_(30):20 mol%Eu^(3+) is about 440 K.The quantum yield(QY) was measured to be 85.85%.The fabricated white-light-emitting diodes(w-LEDs) possess high color-rendering index(R_(a)) of 90,and high correlated color temperature(CCT) of 5810 K,respectively.The Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage(CIE) coordinates are(0.311,0.322).Therefore,the prepared phosphor has a promising application for w-LEDs.

Synthesis and optical properties of novel apatite-type NaCa_(3)Bi(PO_(4))_(3)F:Dy^(3+)yellow-emitting fluorophosphate phosphors for white LEDs

In this study,novel yellow-emitting fluorophosphate NaCa_(3)Bi(PO_(4))_(3)F phosphors doped with different concentrations of Dy^(3+)ions were first obtained via high-temperature solid-state reaction.The crystal structure,phase purity,particle morphology,photoluminescence(PL)properties,thermal stability,and luminescence decay curves of the resulting phosphors were then characterized in detail.Under the excitation of 349 nm,the three dominant peaks of the NaCa_(3)Bi(PO_(4))_(3)F:Dy^(3+)are centered at 480 nm(^(4)F_(9/2)-^(6)H_(15/2)),577 nm(^(4)F_(9/2)-^(6)H_(13/2)),and 662 nm(^(4)F_(9/2)-^(6)H_(11/2)).The optimal doping concentration of Dy^(3+)ions in the NaCa_(3)Bi(PO_(4))_(3)F:xDy^(3+)phosphors is x=5 mol%.The phosphors show excellent thermal stability with high activation energy(Ea=0.32 eV).Eventually,the synthesized white lightemitting diode(w-LED)demonstrates the Commission International de L’Eclairage(CIE)chromaticity coordinates of(0.341,0.334),a good correlated color temperature(CCT)of 5083 K,and a high color rendering index(Ra)of 92.Revealing its potential as yellow-emitting phosphors,the feasibility of the fabricated apatite-type NaCa_(3)Bi(PO_(4))_(3)F:Dy^(3+)fluorophosphate phosphors was confirmed for wLEDs.

The applications of catalytic asymmetric halocyclization in natural product synthesis

Halocyclization of olefinic substrate enables the establishment of cyclic skeletons via intramolecular halonium-induced nucleophilic addition,which has been well utilized as a practical strategy for constructing cyclic skeletons in natural product synthesis.Recently,the renaissance and rapid evolution of organocatalysis have accelerated the development of catalytic asymmetric halocyclization.In this context,natural product synthesis powered by catalytic asymmetric halocyclization has also achieved considerable progress in recent years.In some cases,these newly developed protocols enable more concise synthetic routes for accessing enantioenriched natural products.To this end,this review summarizes the applications of catalytic asymmetric halocyclization in natural product synthesis.

Nano metal-photosensitizer based on Aza-BODIPY-Cu complex for CDT-enhanced dual phototherapy

Chemodynamic therapy(CDT)combined with dual phototherapy(photothermal therapy(PTT)and photodynamic therapy(PDT))is an efficient way to synergistically improve anti-tumor efficacy.However,the combination of multiple modes often makes the composition of the system more complex,which is not conducive to clinical application.In this study,a dual phototherapy ligand carboxyl-modified Aza-BODIPY(BOD-COOH)and metal active center Cu^(2+)were used to construct multiple-modes metalphotosensitizer nanoparticles(BOD-Cu NPs)via one-step coordination self-assembly for combination therapy of CDT/PDT/PTT.In order to improve delivery efficiency,the targeted hydrophilic molecule pyridinemodified glucose derivative(G-Py)was synthesized and coated onto the BOD-Cu NPs to form a glycosylated nano metal-photosensitizer BOD-Cu@G by electrostatic interaction.The Cu^(2+)in BOD-Cu@G could not only be used as a coordination node for metal-driven self-assembly but also consume intracellular glutathione(GSH),and then catalyze Fenton-like reaction to generate hydroxyl radical(·OH)for CDT.In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that BOD-Cu@G could achieve excellent anti-tumor efficiency by CDTenhanced dual phototherapy.

Orange-red emitting Sr_3LaTa_3O_(12):Sm^(3+) phosphors with perovskite structure and high thermal stability for w-LEDs

A novel layered perovskite tantalate phosphor Sr_(3)LaTa_(3)O_(12):Sm^(3+)(SLTO:Sm^(3+)) with orange-red emission was obtained for the first time via the solid-phase synthetic method. The phase purity, surface morphology,element distribution and luminescent properties of the SLTO:xSm^(3+)(x= 0.01 mol%-0.30 mol%) phosphors were investigated. Under 408 nm excitation, the optimum doped SLTO:0.10Sm^(3+) phosphor emits orangered light at 598 nm with the highest emission peak(4G_(5/2)→6H_(7/2)). The critical energy transfer distance is 1.687 nm. The prepared SLTO:0.10Sm^(3+)phosphor has excellent thermal stability with temperature quenching temperature(T_(0.5)> 500 K) and high activation energy(E_(a)= 0.25 e V). Through calculation, the chromaticity coordinates of all samples are concentrated in the orange-red area, and the color purity reaches 99%. The fabricated white light-emitting diode(w-LED) has a good correlated color temperature(5132 K), a high R_(a)(89), and the CIE chromaticity coordinates(0.340, 0.327). Consequently, the superiority of orange-red-emitting tantalate SLTO:Sm^(3+) phosphors for w-LEDs is demonstrated.

光电化学水分解中基于半导体的界面工程策略和载流子动力学表征技术的研究进展

为了缓解能源危机和环境问题,太阳能的应用受到了人们的广泛关注.光电化学水分解是一种极有前景的、可以将清洁可再生太阳能转化为清洁燃料的技术.提高能量转换效率无疑是光电化学水分解技术的关键.光生载流子的分离和转移速率是影响光电化学性能的主要因素之一.本综述简要介绍了一些界面工程策略以增强光阳极中光生载流子的分离和传输.此外,总结了近期在原位量化光生载流子传输动力学研究中的进展.我们的目的是帮助读者了解这一领域的最新发展,并为理解动态空穴转移提供一个独特的视角.最后,我们对发展微纳尺度电极界面光生载流子分离和转移动力学表征手段中面临的重大挑战和未来前景进行了展望.

Supramolecular systems for bioapplications:recent research progress in China

Supramolecular systems feature dynamic,reversible and stimuli-responsive characteristics,which are not easily achieved by molecular entities.The last decade has witnessed tremendous advances in the investigations of supramolecular systems for various bioapplications,which include drug delivery,anticancer therapy,antibacterial therapy,photodynamic therapy,photothermal therapy,combination therapy,antidotes for residual drugs or toxins,and bioimaging and biosensing.Host-guest chemistry has played a key role in the development of such bioactive supramolecular systems,and natural macrocycles(such as cyclodextrins),synthetic macrocycles(such as calixarenes,cucurbit[n]urils,and pillararenes),and porous framework polymers(such as supramolecular organic frameworks and flexible organic frameworks)have been most successfully used as hosts to build different kinds of host-guest systems for attaining designed biofunctions.The self-assembly of rationally designed amphiphilic molecules,macromolecules and polymers represent another important approach for the construction of supramolecular architectures with advanced biofunctions.In this review,we summarize the important contributions made by Chinese researchers in this field,with emphasis on those reported in the past five years.

A potential red-emitting phosphor Ca_(2)YTaO_(6):Eu^(3+):Luminescence properties,thermal stability and applications for white LEDs

A novel red-emitting phosphor tantalate Ca_(2)YTaO_(6):Eu^(3+)was synthesized by a solid-state reaction.The purity and surface morphology of the phosphors were characterized.The Ca_(2)YTaO_(6):Eu^(3+)phosphors show a sharp emission peak at 612 nm under near-ultraviolet(n-UV) at 395 nm because of the ^(5)D0→^(7)F_(2) transition of Eu^(3+).The optimal Eu^(3+)doping concentration in Ca_(2)YTaO_(6) is 40 mol% and the critical energy-transfer distance of Eu^(3+)ions was calculated to be 0.9 nm.The emission spectra of Ca_(2)YTaO_(6):Eu_(3+)from 300 to 480 K were investigated.The thermal-quenching temperature(T_(0.5)) of Ca_(2)YTaO_(6):Eu^(3+)is above 480 K.The color purity of Ca_(2)YTaO_(6):40 mol%Eu^(3+)is as high as 99.8%.The luminescence lifetime of Ca_(2)YTaO_(6):40 mol%Eu^(3+)was also discussed.The high color purity and high thermal stability of Eu^(3+)-doped Ca_(2)YTaO_(6) phosphors contribute to its application value in white lightemitting diodes(w-LEDs).