Impact of the green credit policy on external financing,economic growth and energy consumption of the manufacturing industry

China attempts to achieve energy conservation,emission reduction and environmental protection through the implementation of the green credit policy,but its implementation impact is still controversial.An important content of the green credit policy is to require banking and financial institutions to tighten the credit exposure of industries of‘high pollution and high energy consumption’and industries with overcapacity,so as to use economic leverage to curb their blind expansion and reduce energy consumption by controlling external financing.This paper examined the impact and the lingering effects of the green credit policy on external financing,economic growth and energy consumption in the manufacturing industry,which was most influenced by the green credit policy,from 2003 to 2016 by using the DID method.Furthermore,this paper estimated the dynamic endogenous relationships among external financing,economic growth and energy consumption with two-step system GMM model to investigate the influential path of the green credit policy.The results showed that:the green credit policy had a significant negative impact on the external financing of manufacturing industry,but its negative impact on the economic growth and energy consumption of manufacturing industry was not statistically significant,and the effect of the green credit policy had a dynamic feature of weakening with time.Additionally,in the manufacturing industry,there was a bilateral causal relationship between the energy consumption and economic growth of the control group industry and the processing group industry.There was a bilateral causal relationship between the economic growth and external financing of the control group industries in the manufacturing industry.There was a unilateral causal relationship between the economic growth and external financing of the processing group industries in the manufacturing industry,while the external causality existed between the control group industries and the processing group industries in the manufacturing industry.The causal relationship between the financing and energy consumption was not statistically significant.At present,the transmission path of the green credit policy is that the green credit policy controls external financing,then affects economic growth and ultimately inhibits energy consumption,but the effectiveness of the path is not statistically significant.The conclusion of this paper provides policy reference and scientific basis for the adjustment and improvement of green credit.

Industrial Agglomeration Externalities, City Size, and Regional Economic Development： Empirical Research Based on Dynamic Panel Data of 283 Cities and GMM Method

Local governments have long been ardently pursuing the industrial specialization effect(MAR externalities) and industrial diversification effect(Jacobs externalities). Such a pursuit has resulted in severe distortion of resource allocation and negative effect on sustainability of local economic development. Regarding the effect from both MAR and Jacobs externalities on local economic development existing literature records notable disputes. Therefore, for local economic development, one important issue is which externality(MAR or Jacobs) can better bring the effect into play. By studying a panel data of 283 Chinese cities from 2003 to 2012 and applying dynamic plane data GMM method, this paper conducted a regression analysis of the relationship among industrial agglomeration externalities, city size, and regional economic development. The result indicates that with regard to the whole nation, MAR externalities are conducive to regional economy development whereas Jacobs externalities will, to an extent, restrain regional economic development. As regards eastern, middle, and western regions, MAR externalities are conducive only to the economic development of the eastern region; their effects on middle and western regions are insignificant. Moreover, the interaction item between MAR externalities and city size has a significant negative synergistic effect on national economic development and a certain acceleration effect on eastern region as well as a strong negative synergistic effect on the middle region and an insignificant effect on the western region. The interaction item between Jacobs externalities and city size has a positive synergistic effect on only the middle region and has an insignificant synergistic effect on both eastern and western regions. Capital stock and labor input have significant accelerating effects on GDP growth per capita of Chinese cities, whereas material capital and labor input remain primary driving forces for Chinese local economic development. Furthermore, human capital contributes to accelerating urban economic development, whereas government intervention restrains urban economic development.

A case research on economic spatial distribution and differential of agriculture in China ——An application to Hunan province based on the data of 1999, 2006 and 2010

This paper is to provide an empirical work for agricultural spatial distribution of agriculture. We consider the spatial location pattern in order to offer spatial views on the agricultural economic research and how Chinese agricultural economic spatial location pattern is forming, we also tested the agglomeration situation of agriculture and the process is going on in the future. The results indicate that the periphery areas exist significant differential among regions in Hunan province, China. It really presents some kinds of agglomeration pattern of agriculture and characteristic spatial autocorrelation;the biggest rate of contribution to the region agriculture economic gap is productivity per agriculture worker.

Efficiency Pattern and Spatial Strategy of Ports in Yangtze River Delta Region

This paper measures the efficiency of ports in the Yangtze River Delta Region(YRDR) in 2008 and 2013 using port berth quantity, quay length, and human resources as input indicators, using cargo and container throughput as output indicators, and considering traditional(foreign trade dependence and industrialization level) and modern environmental factors(traffic line density, financial development level, and informatization level). To achieve such aim, this study constructs a multi-stage data envelopment analysis model(DEA) that identifies effective port decision-making units(DMUs) and generates a highly accurate conclusion by eliminating the interference from the exogenous environment and random errors. First, the external environment significantly affects port efficiency, with the traditional environmental factors showing huge fluctuations and the modern environmental factors producing great benefits. Second, the efficiency of ports in YRDR has increased from 2008 to 2013 primarily because of their pure technical efficiency. Third, the weighted standard deviation ellipse(SDE) analysis results reveal that the efficiency pattern of ports significantly deviates from their throughput pattern, while the center of SDE of port efficiency moves from the eastern coastal regions to the northwest regions. Based on these findings, this paper proposes spatial development strategies for YRDR, such as creating an unblocked environment where spatial elements can freely circulate, intensifying port-city joint development, implementing differentiated policies, and focusing on the spatial collaboration of port efficiency.

The application of projection pursuit classification in the process of strategy selection and evaluation based on the real coded accelerating genetic algorithm

During the process of enterprises＇ strategy evaluation and selection, there are many evaluating indicators, and among them there are some potential correlations and conflicts. Thus it poses the problems to the decision-makers how to conduct correct evaluation on a business and how to make strategy adjustment and selection according to the evaluation. Based on the qualitative and quantitative method, the paper introduces the Projection Pursuit Classification （PPC） model based on the Real-coded Accelerating Genetic Algorithm （RAGA） into the process of enterprises＇ strategy evaluation and selection. The characteristic of PPC model is that it ultimately overcomes the influence of the proportion of subjectivity and avoids precocious convergence, thus providing a new objective method for strategy evaluation and selection by pursuing the most objective strategy evaluation to make the relatively sensible strategy portfolio and action.

Construction and Innovation of Model of Residence for the Aged in Urban Community

The 4-2-1 family structure has become many old people's choices under market economy circumstance. However,the community service for home care of elderly still has problems such as unsound service system, lack of resources integration, and lack of human resources etc. This paper attempts to construct new mode of cooperative governance of service for home care of elderly in urban community, explore the dynamic mechanism and implementation path for service for cooperative governance of home care of elderly in urban community,point out the power of cooperative governance of community service for home care of elderly,and accomplish institutional innovation such as cultivation of collaborative culture,open power system, flat organizational structure design and group design of public policies etc.

Thermodynamics and weak cosmic censorship conjecture of charged AdS black hole in the Rastall gravity with pressure

Treating the cosmological constant as a dynamical variable,we investigate the thermodynamics and weak cosmic censorship conjecture(WCCC)of a charged AdS black hole(BH)in the Rastall gravity.We determine the energy momentum relation of charged fermion at the horizon of the BH using the Dirac equation.Based on this relation,it is shown that the first law of thermodynamics still holds as a fermion is absorbed by the BH.However,the entropy of both the extremal and near-extremal BH decreases in the irreversible process,which means that the second law of thermodynamics is violated.Furthermore,we verify the validity of the WCCC by the minimum values of the metric function h(r)at its final state.For the extremal charged AdS BH in the Rastall gravity,we find that the WCCC is always valid since the BH is extreme.While for the case of near-extremal BH,we find that the WCCC could be violable in the extended phase space(EPS),depending on the value of the parameters of the BH and their variations.

Study on cooperative development of safety and production in coal mines

Based on cooperative theories and analysis of characters of safety and production in coal mines, discussed the relationship and function of cooperative development between safety and production and established a basic cooperative development model. At the same time, a systemic expatiation of the basic principle, the core conception and the contents of the model was given. In the end, the guarantee measures for realization were proposed. The result of the research may have some leading meaning to ensure safety and production in coal enterprises and to achieve synchronous exaltation of production efficiency and the safety degree.

Control core of safety management: the reasonable distribution of safety resources

The distribution of resources is the basis of safety management.Based on thesystematic analysis of a resource distribution system affecting the level of safety,the bestdistribution proportion between safety activities and production and best resources distributionproportion among the various links of security activities are presented.Moreover,itis stated that the distribution of resources law needs to be researched deeply in practicalwork to achieve optimization of safety management practice.

The Analysis of U.S. Deposit Insurance System and the Enlightenment to China

U.S. deposit insurance system has important and deep influence on the building and operating of the deposit insurance system for many countries in the world. Based on the analysis of the development stage and status quo of the U.S. deposit insurance system, this paper suggests that China should learn from the experience of U.S. deposit insurance system, to build and perfect the laws of deposit insurance system, and the mandatory, the scope, the insurance premium, and the top insurance amount of the deposit insurance system should be stated, and the deposit insurance agencies should maintain their independence and restrain the moral hazard. Only in that way can the deposit insurance system of China be built and perfected.

Copula-EVT Based Tail Dependence Structure of Financial Markets in China

Tail dependence structure model based on Copula theory and extreme value theory （EVT） is constructed to picture the tail correlation of financial time series more exact. The empirical research results show that the Gumbel Copula can fit the upper and lower tail dependence structures of Shanghai A share index and Shenzhen A share index, and correlation of upper tails of both indices is stronger than that of lower-tails.

CALCULATION FOR KERNEL OF INTERVAL GREY NUMBER BASED ON BARYCENTER APPROACH

The kernel of interval grey number is most likely the real number,which can be used to represent whitenization value of interval grey number.A novel method for calculating kernel of interval grey number is constructed based on the geometric barycenter of whitenization weight function in the two-dimensional coordinate plane,and the calculation of kernel is converted to the calculation of barycenter in geometric figures.The method fully considers the effect of all information contained in whitenization weight function on the calculation result of kernel,and is the extension and perfection of the existing methods in the scope of application.

Farmer's Knowledge on GM Technology and Pesticide Use:Evidence from Papaya Production in China

Genetically modified （GM） technology can significantly reduce pesticide use and increase yield in crop production. However, the benefit from reducing pesticide use varies substantially among farmers. The overall goal of this paper is to understand the relationship between farmers＇ knowledge of GM technology and pesticide use in genetically modified papaya （GMP） production. Based on a survey of 223 farms in three main papaya production provinces in 2010, the data show that almost all papaya planted in 2009 was genetically modified. However, only 28% of papaya farmers knew that they planted GMP, and 55% of them did not know GMP is resistant to papaya ringspot virus （PRSV）. Further analyses using the general least squares （GLS） method show that farmers＇ knowledge of GMP significantly affects their pesticide use, and potential gain from GM technology is far below its full potential. The paper concludes with policy implications.

An Interval-parameter Fuzzy Robust Nonlinear Programming Model for Water Quality Management

Planning for water quality management is important for facilitating sustainable socio-economic development;however, the planning is also complicated by a variety of uncertainties and nonlinearities. In this study, an interval-parameter fuzzy robust nonlinear programming (IFRNP) model was developed for water quality management to deal with such difficulties. The developed model incorporated interval nonlinear programming (INP) and fuzzy robust programming (FRP) methods within a general optimization framework. The developed IFRNP model not only could explicitly deal with uncertainties represented as discrete interval numbers and fuzzy membership functions, but also was able to deal with nonlinearities in the objective function.

Analysis on relation between safety input and accidents

The number of safety input directly determines the level of safety, and there exists dialectical and unified relations between safety input and accidents. Based on the field investigation and reliable data, this paper deeply studied the dialectical relationship between safety input and accidents, and acquired the conclusions. The security situation of the coal enterprises was related to the security input rate, being effected little by the security input scale, and build the relationship model between safety input and accidents on this basis, that is the accident model.

Forecasting Financial Distress of Chinese High-tech Manufacturing Companies Based on a Hybrid Model of GA-SVM

Owing to the radical changing of Chinese economy, it is essential to build an effective financial distress prediction model. In this paper, we present a genetic algorithm （GA） approach for optimizing parameters of support vector machine （SVM）. We validate the proposed model on datasets of Chinese high-tech manufacturing industry. Experimental results reveal that the proposed GAo SVM model can compare to and even outperform other exiting classifiers. Compared to grid-search algorithm, the proposed GA-based takes less time to optimize SVM parameter without degrading the prediction accuracy of SVM.

Discrete Event Simulation to Evaluate Different Treatments of Diabetic Retinopathy Disease

Modeling approach using discrete event simulation has been proven to work well in modeling in health care. The aim of our paper is to propose a simulation approach which shows realistic models presenting different possible treatments in different stages of diabetic retinopathy. We have presented three models in order to choose the best treatment for diabetic retinopathy patients. The first model describes the flow of a patient through stages without any medical treatments. It takes 13 years to reach blindness. The second model which includes the laser photocoagulation treatments leads to blindness after 46 years. Then, the third model illustrates the involvement of vitrectomy operation and delays blindness by 23 years. To construct the models, data were taken from experienced doctors and professors of the ophthalmology department in the University hospital Habib Bourguiba and the endocrinology department in the University hospital Hedi Chaker in Sfax, Tunisia. Our objective is to delay reaching the blindness stage as late as possible. Three models were developed, verified and validated through many iterative implementations with ARENA simulation software.

Holographic Einstein ring of a charged Rastall AdS black hole with bulk electromagnetic field

We study the Einstein images of a charged Rastall AdS black hole(BH)within the fabric of AdS/CFT correspondence.Considering the holographic setup,we analyze the amplitude of the total response function for various values of model parameters.With an increase in parameterλand temperature T,the amplitude of the response function decreases,while it increases with an increase in electric charge e and chemical potentialμ.The influence of frequencyωalso plays an important role in the bulk field,as it is found that decreasingωleads to an increase in the periods of the waves,which means that the amplitude of the response function also depends on the wave source.The relation between T and the inverse of the horizon for various values of parameterλis interpreted under fixed values of other involved parameters.These,in turn,affect the behavior of the response function and the Einstein ring,which may be used to differentiate the present study from previous ones.We construct the holographic images of the BH in bulk via a special optical system.The results show that the Einstein ring always appears with concentric stripes at the position of the north pole,and this ring transforms into a luminosity-deformed ring or bright light spot when the distant observer lies away from the north pole.Finally,we discuss the influence of the associated parameters on the Einstein ring radius,which is consistent with wave optics.

Holographic images of an AdS black hole within the framework of f(R) gravity theory

Based on the AdS/CFT correspondence,this study employs an oscillating Gaussian source to numerically study the holographic images of an AdS black hole under f(R)gravity using wave optics.Due to the diffraction of scalar wave,it turns out that one can clearly observed the interference patten of the absolute amplitude of response function on the AdS boundary.Furthermore,it is observed that its peak increases with the f(R)parameterαbut decreases with the global monopoleη,frequencyω,and horizon r_(h).More importantly,the results reveal that the holographic Einstein ring is a series of concentric striped patterns for an observer at the North Pole and that their center is analogous to a Poisson-Arago spot.This ring can evolve into a luminosity-deformed ring or two light spots when the observer is at a different position.According to geometrical optics,it is true that the size of the brightest holographic ring is approximately equal to that of the photon sphere,and the two light spots correspond to clockwise and anticlockwise light rays.In addition,holographic images for different values of black holes and optical system parameters were obtained,and different features emerged.Finally,we conclude that the holographic rings of the AdS black hole in modified gravities are more suitable and helpful for testing the existence of a gravity dual for a given material.

Dynamics of holographic images of scalar-tensor-vector gravity-AdS black holes

Using AdS/CFT correspondence,we analyze the holographic Einstein images via the response function of the complex scalar field as a probe wave on an AdS Schwarzschild scalar-tensor-vector gravity(STVG)black hole(BH).We find that the amplitude of the response function||decreases with increasing values of coupling parameter a and increases with decreasing temperature T.The frequencyωof the wave source also plays a significant role in wave periods;as we increase the values ofω,the periods of waves decrease,indicating that the total response function closely depends on the wave source.Further,we investigate the optical appearance of the holographic images of the BH in bulk.We found that the holographic ring always appears with surrounding concentric stripes when the observer is located at the north pole,and an extremely bright ring appears when the observer is at the position of the photon sphere of the BH.This ring changes into a luminosity-deformed ring or a bright light spot as the observational angle changes.The corresponding brightness profiles show that the luminosity of the ring decreases and the shadow radius increases with increasing values of a.The relation between temperature T and the inverse of the horizonh_e is discussed;T is small at the beginning of the horizon he and then increases as the horizon radius increases.This effect can be used to distinguish the STVG BH solution from other BH solutions.Moreover,these significant features are also reflected in the Einstein ring and corresponding brightness profiles.In addition,we compare the results obtained by wave optics and geometric optics,which align well,implying that the holographic scheme adopted in this study is valid.