Study on the optimization of the combined blown converter process in Chongqing Iron and Steel Company

The effects of lance height and bottom blown flowrate on the mixed time, the splashing amount, the penetrating depth, and the level fluctuation of an 85 t combined blown converter have been studied using a water model. The results show that the maximal stirring energy is provided to the bath at the top lance height of about 50-100 mm. When the top lance height is in the range ofg0- 110 mm, the splashing amount caused by the top jet can reach the maximal value. The appropriate operational parameters of Chongqing Iron and Steel Company （CISC） converter have been established that the top lance height is 1600-1760 mm and the bottom blowing flowrate is 240-480 Nm^3/h in the primary phase of a heat, 1100-1300 mm and 160-200 Nm^3/h in the second phase, and 1040-1120 mm and 200-350 Nm^3/h in the end phase. Also, the trial shows that the metallurgical result of the studied blow pattern is better than that of the former pattern. At the starting 3-4 min of a heat, the strong splashing is eliminated. 2008 University of Science and Technology Beijing. All rights reserved.

Data Strategies-Lessons and Examples from the Frontier Lines of an International Oil and Gas Company

Data strategies and tactics used to create and promulgate robust databases across a wide organization are subject to a number of constraints and challenges.This presentation reviews lessons learned from one company in the oil and gas industry,and illustrates how that company met and overcame challenges during the database design and implementation phases.

Application of Over-Winding and Over-Falling Buffer Unit in Coal Mines of Datong Coal Group Company

Dynamic force of BS buffer unit in the enwinding hoisting system is calculated, and the buffer unit is in- stalled and tested. The result shows that this buffer unit is accurate in its regulated braking force and convenient in ad- justment and restoration. It can be repeatedly used as a bumper for both over-winding and over-falling without replacing any parts, providing an applicable device for safety operation in coal mining.

Liaoning Magnesite Company

Liaoning Magnesite Company is a ma-jor company producing and marketing vari-ous kinds of magnesia-based refractoriesand is affiliated directly to the Ministry ofMetallurgical Industry of China.The company was founded in April,1980 by a merging of the original DashiqiaoMagnesite Mine,Haicheng Magnesite Mineof the Anshan Iron and Steel Company,andYingkou Magnesite Mine.

The Technology and Economic Analysis of the DCC and MIP Processes at Anqing Petrochemical Company

In order to meet the demand for gasoline quality upgrading, SINOPEC Anqing Branch Com- pany has retrofitted the DCC unit with the MGD technology and equipped the FCC unit with the MIP technology. This article makes an analysis and comparison on commercial application of the MIP and the DCC/MGD processes in terms of technology and economics while focusing on their specific features and methods for maximization of their economic benefits.

Application of Hydrocracking Process for Upgrading Tail Oil Quality in 1.0 Mt/a Hydrocracker Unit at SINOPEC Yangzi Petrochemical Company

This article focuses on the hydrocracking technology for upgrading the quality of tail oil and the first commercial application of the RN-32V/RHC- 1 catalysts in the 1.0 Mt/a hydrocracker at the Yangzi Petrochemical Company, which was started up successfully in September 2008. One month after start-up of the hydrocracking unit, an evaluation opera- tion has been conducted fbr assessing the catalysts performance. The technical calibration results showed that the RN- 32V/RHC-1 catalysts had high activity, and the product yield distribution was reasonable. The hydrocracker can provide abundant feedstocks for the downstream aromatic production unit and ethylene production unit.

Eye Science is transferred to AME Publishing Company to be in charge of its publication

We are pleased to announce that the journal Eye Science(ES)has been transferred to AME Publishing Company to be in charge of its publication since November 2015.At this point,ES becomes the 20th open access,peer review,international journal that AME runs.AME Publishing Company(www.amegroups.com)is an international publisher of medical books and journals,who now publishes more than 19 journals covering

Baotou Iron and Steel Company

The Baotou Iron and Steel Company(BISCO) is located at Baotou,830 kilometerswest of Beijing,in the Inner MongoliaAutonomous Region.The ore deposit atBaiyun’ebo,on which the company is based,was discovered by geologist DING Daohengin 1927 and was later found to be rich inrare earth elements.An extensive prospecting campaignwas launched after the founding of the

Facilities Planning for a Creative Company

Facilities planning tools have been used by project managers for planning industry spaces for decades now, but applications in creative organizations are still sparse. This happens mainly because of a gap that exists between engineering and psychology fields, with the first developing planning tools for production but with little concern for creativity and the other developing spaces for creativity, but with a lack of tools. Both try to solve the same issue： fostering productivity in the workplace, but they need to be linked first, in order to accomplish it. How to close this gap？ Can a project manager plan the facilities for a creative organizational in the best way possible？ In this paper, a new approach is used for studying the design of physical environments that foster organizational creativity, combining the results of psychological studies on the impact of physical environment on creativity with the facilities planning body of knowledge applied by industrial engineers. In order to test the results, a single case study is developed in a small IT consulting firm. By using the systematic layout planning （SLP） step by step process, it is shown that by acting on the work environment of the company, the developers creative processes can be boosted and facilitated. It is also shown that both industrial engineering and creativity research have much to contribute to each other and future research topics in the field are presented.

Applying knowledge management implementation model in Water Resources Management Company by the purpose of continuous improvement

This research seeks to explore the current knowledge management （KM） practice in the Water Recourses Management Company （WRMC） according to Jashpar＇s knowledge management cycle which comprises four loops, including knowledge creation, knowledge organization, knowledge sharing and knowledge leverage. This research used a qualitative method, and data were collected through questionnaires. The 92 respondents were the staff of office. The data were analyzed through SPSS software. The findings of this research reveal that, the knowledge creation and knowledge organization were in good level, but knowledge sharing condition was not suitable, therefore, it has negative effect on leveraging knowledge, hence we tried to demonstrate a knowledge management implementation model using the knowledge management concept and taking advantage from the concept of excellence model by the purpose of continuous improvement. This paper suggests proper knowledge management implementation （KMI） is a managerial approach that can turn an organization to an agile one. In order to verify and validate the performed research, the planned model has been accomplished in the Hydropower Plant Department, Water Recourses Management Company, positive and acceptable results were obtained and organizations total factor productivity increase was achieved which was appreciated by the organization.

Effects of Large-Scale Wind Energy Base on Power Grid Company

The first stage project of Jiuquan wind energy base with 5.5-GW installed capacity is about to be completed. However, there exist several technical issues such as power transfer capability, electricity accommodation, frequency control and peak load regulation as well as system stability. In addition, the high capital cost and operation cost of the supporting transmission project invested and constructed by the Gansu Provincial Power Company will definitely have significant impacts on the management and economic profit of the Company. Through analysis of the construction and operation cost changes resulting from the wind power collection and delivery project, the author carried out research into the effects of developing large-scale wind power base on the management and economic benefits of power grid enterprises and proposed corresponding suggestions to make the related policies perfect.

Reflections on the “Green Development Mode in Southwest China” and Implementation Path——A Case Study on PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gasfield Company

Introduction As the world’s largest developing country, China will maintain a rigid growth in energy consumption for a long time to come [1-3]. Natural gas, the cleanest and low-carbon fossil energy source, plays an essential role in the country’s achieving its strategic goals of “carbon peak and carbon neutrality”(hereinafter referred to as the “dual carbon” goals).

Integration between Engineering and Knowledge Systems： Evaluation of Performance of a Wastewater Treatment Plant in a Textile Company

The integration between engineering and knowledge systems （KS） in a manufacturing environment in a network of industrial enterprises was investigated. The drivers for this application of engineering design to infrastructure in an industrial setting where cost and time to market are vital were to spread best practice, and to gain experience in dealing with the regulatory authorities according to ISO 14000. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the industrial wastewater treatment plant of the Hilla Textile Factories, to find an appropriate method of treating the industrial wastewater so as to render it fit for reuse or safe to be disposed of as stipulated by the Iraqi laws on effluent disposal. The removal efficiencies of the different parameters used to describe water quality was low. It was found that the removal efficiency of COD （Chemical Oxygen Demand） was 20-21%, that of BOD （Biochemical Oxygen Demand） was 17-30% and that of TSS （Total Suspended Solids） was 27-31%. The quality of the effluent was not in line with those of either the Iraqi or American standards.

Laser Company and WZWOPTICAG Established an Optical Research Center

On October 26,2015,the Beijing Aerospace Times Laser Inertial Technology Company Ltd-WZWOPTICAG Advanced Optics Manufacturing Technology Joint Research Center was officially founded within the Beijing Aerospace Times Laser Inertial Technology Company Ltd(Laser Company).The two sides reached agreement on several areas of cooperation.Both sides will train workers for each

Attitude (Acceptance) of the COVID-19 Vaccine among Adult Kuwait Oil Company Workers

Objective: To measure the acceptance of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine among the sector of the oil company adult population in Kuwait and assess its determinants. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional email study enrolled adults working for Kuwait oil companies (n = 1689;aged ≥21 years). Acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine was considered if participants selected the options and received the vaccine, definitely or probably will accept vaccination against COVID-19 once a vaccine is available.” A modified Poisson regression was used to investigate the associations and calculate the adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: In total, 92.5% (1563/1689) of the participants were willing to accept COVID-19 vaccines once available. No difference in sex was observed in the willingness to accept a COVID-19 vaccine (92.5 vs. 92%, p 0.5). Responders who believed vaccines in general to have health-related risks were less likely to get vaccinated (aPR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.35 - 0.44). In addition, participants who received the influenza vaccine were more willing to have a COVID-19 vaccine (aPR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.31 - 1.58). Acceptance of the vaccine against COVID-19 increased as the self-perceived chances of contracting the infection increased (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Overall, 92.5% of the study participants demonstrated a willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19. However, we found that public health authorities should address several factors influencing the level of acceptance.

Key Engineering Highlights of Facilities ＆ Equipment for Oil ＆ Gas Production in Kuwait Oil Company

The paper provides an insight into key engineering aspects of Kuwait Oil Company＇s existing projects, facilities and equipment both current and from nearly 30 years of projects development. It deals with engineering features of mainly process and mechanical equipment, both static and rotating besides others, used for collection, separation, desalting, heat transfer, chemical treatment, storage, transmission, pipelines and similar facilities utilized for upstream oil and gas production, both sweet and sour. Engineering highlights include certain technological developments, metallurgical aspects, few best practices and lessons learnt as well. Seven （7） case studies are included towards the end that show case some of the engineering aspects of facility equipment, lessons learned from their engineering and conclusions drawn that, emphasize the need to focus on initial, preliminary engineering aspects of projects and could provide useful tips for oil and gas engineers and designers.

A review of reservoir damage during hydraulic fracturing of deep and ultra-deep reservoirs

Deep and ultra-deep reservoirs have gradually become the primary focus of hydrocarbon exploration as a result of a series of significant discoveries in deep hydrocarbon exploration worldwide.These reservoirs present unique challenges due to their deep burial depth(4500-8882 m),low matrix permeability,complex crustal stress conditions,high temperature and pressure(HTHP,150-200℃,105-155 MPa),coupled with high salinity of formation water.Consequently,the costs associated with their exploitation and development are exceptionally high.In deep and ultra-deep reservoirs,hydraulic fracturing is commonly used to achieve high and stable production.During hydraulic fracturing,a substantial volume of fluid is injected into the reservoir.However,statistical analysis reveals that the flowback rate is typically less than 30%,leaving the majority of the fluid trapped within the reservoir.Therefore,hydraulic fracturing in deep reservoirs not only enhances the reservoir permeability by creating artificial fractures but also damages reservoirs due to the fracturing fluids involved.The challenging“three-high”environment of a deep reservoir,characterized by high temperature,high pressure,and high salinity,exacerbates conventional forms of damage,including water sensitivity,retention of fracturing fluids,rock creep,and proppant breakage.In addition,specific damage mechanisms come into play,such as fracturing fluid decomposition at elevated temperatures and proppant diagenetic reactions at HTHP conditions.Presently,the foremost concern in deep oil and gas development lies in effectively assessing the damage inflicted on these reservoirs by hydraulic fracturing,comprehending the underlying mechanisms,and selecting appropriate solutions.It's noteworthy that the majority of existing studies on reservoir damage primarily focus on conventional reservoirs,with limited attention given to deep reservoirs and a lack of systematic summaries.In light of this,our approach entails initially summarizing the current knowledge pertaining to the types of fracturing fluids employed in deep and ultra-deep reservoirs.Subsequently,we delve into a systematic examination of the damage processes and mechanisms caused by fracturing fluids within the context of hydraulic fracturing in deep reservoirs,taking into account the unique reservoir characteristics of high temperature,high pressure,and high in-situ stress.In addition,we provide an overview of research progress related to high-temperature deep reservoir fracturing fluid and the damage of aqueous fracturing fluids to rock matrix,both artificial and natural fractures,and sand-packed fractures.We conclude by offering a summary of current research advancements and future directions,which hold significant potential for facilitating the efficient development of deep oil and gas reservoirs while effectively mitigating reservoir damage.

Geochemical characteristics and exploration significance of ultra-deep Sinian oil and gas from Well Tashen 5,Tarim Basin,NW China

The Well Tashen 5(TS5),drilled and completed at a vertical depth of 9017 m in the Tabei Uplift of the Tarim Basin,NW China,is the deepest well in Asia.It has been producing both oil and gas from the Sinian at a depth of 8780e8840 m,also the deepest in Asia in terms of oil discovery.In this paper,the geochemical characteristics of Sinian oil and gas from the well were investigated and compared with those of Cambrian oil and gas discovered in the same basin.The oil samples,with Pr/Ph ratio of 0.78 and a whole oil carbon isotopic value of31.6‰,have geochemical characteristics similar to those of Ordovician oils from the No.1 fault in the North Shuntuoguole area(also named Shunbei area)and the Middle Cambrian oil from wells Zhongshen 1(ZS1)and Zhongshen 5(ZS5)of Tazhong Uplift.The maturity of light hydrocarbons,diamondoids and aromatic fractions all suggest an approximate maturity of 1.5%e1.7%Ro for the samples.The(4-+3-)methyldiamantane concentration of the samples is 113.5 mg/g,indicating intense cracking with a cracking degree of about 80%,which is consistent with the high bottom hole temperature(179℃).The Sinian gas samples are dry with a dryness coefficient of 0.97.The gas is a mixture of kerogen-cracking gas and oil-cracking gas and has Ro values ranging between 1.5%and 1.7%,and methane carbon isotopic values of41.6‰.Based on the equivalent vitrinite reflectance(R_(eqv)=1.51%e1.61%)and the thermal evolution of source rocks from the Cambrian Yu'ertusi Formation of the same well,it is proposed that the Sinian oil and gas be mainly sourced from the Cambrian Yu'ertusi Formation during the Himalayan period but probably also be joined by hydrocarbon of higher maturity that migrated from other source rocks in deeper formations.The discovery of Sinian oil and gas from Well TS5 suggests that the ancient ultra-deep strata in the northern Tarim Basin have the potential for finding volatile oil or condensate reservoirs.

Effect of fracture fluid flowback on shale microfractures using CT scanning

The field data of shale fracturing demonstrate that the flowback performance of fracturing fluid is different from that of conventional reservoirs,where the flowback rate of shale fracturing fluid is lower than that of conventional reservoirs.At the early stage of flowback,there is no single-phase flow of the liquid phase in shale,but rather a gas-water two-phase flow,such that the single-phase flow model for tight oil and gas reservoirs is not applicable.In this study,pores and microfractures are extracted based on the experimental results of computed tomography(CT)scanning,and a spatial model of microfractures is established.Then,the influence of rough microfracture surfaces on the flow is corrected using the modified cubic law,which was modified by introducing the average deviation of the microfracture height as a roughness factor to consider the influence of microfracture surface roughness.The flow in the fracture network is simulated using the modified cubic law and the lattice Boltzmann method(LBM).The results obtained demonstrate that most of the fracturing fluid is retained in the shale microfractures,which explains the low fracturing fluid flowback rate in shale hydraulic fracturing.

Geological characteristics and exploration breakthroughs of coal rock gas in Carboniferous Benxi Formation,Ordos Basin,NW China

To explore the geological characteristics and exploration potential of the Carboniferous Benxi Formation coal rock gas in the Ordos Basin,this paper presents a systematic research on the coal rock distribution,coal rock reservoirs,coal rock quality,and coal rock gas features,resources and enrichment.Coal rock gas is a high-quality resource distinct from coalbed methane,and it has unique features in terms of burial depth,gas source,reservoir,gas content,and carbon isotopic composition.The Benxi Formation coal rocks cover an area of 16×104km^(2),with thicknesses ranging from 2 m to 25 m,primarily consisting of bright and semi-bright coals with primitive structures and low volatile and ash contents,indicating a good coal quality.The medium-to-high rank coal rocks have the total organic carbon(TOC)content ranging from 33.49%to 86.11%,averaging75.16%.They have a high degree of thermal evolution(Roof 1.2%-2.8%),and a high gas-generating capacity.They also have high stable carbon isotopic values(δ13C1of-37.6‰to-16‰;δ13C2of-21.7‰to-14.3‰).Deep coal rocks develop matrix pores such as gas bubble pores,organic pores,and inorganic mineral pores,which,together with cleats and fractures,form good reservoir spaces.The coal rock reservoirs exhibit the porosity of 0.54%-10.67%(averaging 5.42%)and the permeability of(0.001-14.600)×10^(-3)μm^(2)(averaging 2.32×10^(-3)μm^(2)).Vertically,there are five types of coal rock gas accumulation and dissipation combinations,among which the coal rock-mudstone gas accumulation combination and the coal rock-limestone gas accumulation combination are the most important,with good sealing conditions and high peak values of total hydrocarbon in gas logging.A model of coal rock gas accumulation has been constructed,which includes widespread distribution of medium-to-high rank coal rocks continually generating gas,matrix pores and cleats/fractures in coal rocks acting as large-scale reservoir spaces,tight cap rocks providing sealing,source-reservoir integration,and five types of efficient enrichment patterns(lateral pinchout complex,lenses,low-amplitude structures,nose-like structures,and lithologically self-sealing).According to the geological characteristics of coal rock gas,the Benxi Formation is divided into 8 plays,and the estimated coal rock gas resources with a buried depth of more than 2000 m are more than 12.33×10^(12)m^(3).The above understandings guide the deployment of risk exploration.Two wells drilled accordingly obtained an industrial gas flow,driving the further deployment of exploratory and appraisal wells.Substantial breakthroughs have been achieved,with the possible reserves over a trillion cubic meters and the proved reserves over a hundred billion cubic meters,which is of great significance for the reserves increase and efficient development of natural gas in China.