Sentiment Analysis of Low-Resource Language Literature Using Data Processing and Deep Learning

Sentiment analysis, a crucial task in discerning emotional tones within the text, plays a pivotal role in understandingpublic opinion and user sentiment across diverse languages.While numerous scholars conduct sentiment analysisin widely spoken languages such as English, Chinese, Arabic, Roman Arabic, and more, we come to grapplingwith resource-poor languages like Urdu literature which becomes a challenge. Urdu is a uniquely crafted language,characterized by a script that amalgamates elements from diverse languages, including Arabic, Parsi, Pashtu,Turkish, Punjabi, Saraiki, and more. As Urdu literature, characterized by distinct character sets and linguisticfeatures, presents an additional hurdle due to the lack of accessible datasets, rendering sentiment analysis aformidable undertaking. The limited availability of resources has fueled increased interest among researchers,prompting a deeper exploration into Urdu sentiment analysis. This research is dedicated to Urdu languagesentiment analysis, employing sophisticated deep learning models on an extensive dataset categorized into fivelabels: Positive, Negative, Neutral, Mixed, and Ambiguous. The primary objective is to discern sentiments andemotions within the Urdu language, despite the absence of well-curated datasets. To tackle this challenge, theinitial step involves the creation of a comprehensive Urdu dataset by aggregating data from various sources such asnewspapers, articles, and socialmedia comments. Subsequent to this data collection, a thorough process of cleaningand preprocessing is implemented to ensure the quality of the data. The study leverages two well-known deeplearningmodels, namely Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), for bothtraining and evaluating sentiment analysis performance. Additionally, the study explores hyperparameter tuning tooptimize the models’ efficacy. Evaluation metrics such as precision, recall, and the F1-score are employed to assessthe effectiveness of the models. The research findings reveal that RNN surpasses CNN in Urdu sentiment analysis,gaining a significantly higher accuracy rate of 91%. This result accentuates the exceptional performance of RNN,solidifying its status as a compelling option for conducting sentiment analysis tasks in the Urdu language.

Termite Resistance of Heat-Treated Eucalyptus OSB Bonded with Eco-Friendly Castor Oil Adhesive

Over the last decade,the oriented strand board(OSB)market presented meaningful growth.However,as a woodbased product,because of its anatomical structure and chemical composition,OSB can be damaged by biodeterioration agents.Given that,the biodeterioration of OSB panels must be investigated to improve its durability.In this way,this work analyses the biological resistance against termites(Cryptotermes brevis and Nasutitermes corniger)of heat-treated OSB panels made with Eucalyptus wood glued with vegetable-based polyurethane-an ecofriendly and sustainable adhesive derived from castor oil.Various panels were produced with different layers compositions(face:core:face of 25:50:25 and 30:40:30)in wood mass proportion and were submitted to postproduction heat treatment(at 175℃ and 200℃)replacing the use of chemical insecticides.The influence of the layers variation and heat treatment temperature were evaluated,and these results were compared with commercial panels(made from pinus wood with insecticide).The results showed that the heat treatment did not improve the resistance against termite attack.However,all the experimental panels presented a satisfactory performance that was compatible with the commercial panels produced with insecticide available in the Brazilian market.The combination of Eucalyptus wood and castor oil adhesive to produce OSB,in any variation of layer composition,demonstrated natural resistance against termite attack compatible with the commercial panels,even without using chemical additives to increase durability.

Complexity of vitamin E metabolism

Bioavailability of vitamin E is influenced by several factors, most are highlighted in this review. While gender, age and genetic constitution influence vitamin E bioavailability but cannot be modified, life-style and intake of vitamin E can be. Numerous factors must be taken into account however, i.e., when vitamin E is orally administrated, the food matrix may contain competing nutrients. The complex metabolic processes comprise intestinal absorption, vascular transport, hepatic sorting by intracellular binding proteins, such as the significant α-tocopherol-transfer protein, and hepatic metabolism. The coordinated changes involved in the hepatic metabolism of vitamin E provide an effective physiological pathway to protect tissues against the excessive accumulation of, in particular, non-α-tocopherol forms. Metabolism of vitamin E begins with one cycle of CYP4F2/CYP3A4-dependent ω-hydroxylation followed by five cycles of subsequent β-oxidation, and forms the water-soluble end-product carboxyethylhydroxychroman. All known hepatic metabolites can be conjugated and are excreted, depending on the length of their sidechain, either via urine or feces. The physiological handling of vitamin E underlies kinetics which vary between the different vitamin E forms. Here, saturation of the side-chain and also substitution of the chromanol ring system are important. Most of the metabolic reactions and processes that are involved with vitamin E are also shared by other fat soluble vitamins. Influencing interactions with other nutrients such as vitamin K or pharmaceuticals are also covered by this review. All these processes modulate the formation of vitamin E metabolites and their concentrations in tissues and body fluids. Differences in metabolism might be responsible for the discrepancies that have been observed in studies performed in vivo and in vitro using vitamin E as a supplement or nutrient. To evaluate individual vitamin E status, the analytical procedures used for detecting and quantifying vitamin E and its metabolites are crucial. The latest methods in analytics are presented.

Novel method for determination of sodium in foods by thermometric endpoint titrimetry (TET)

A novel yet simple, rapid and robust thermometric endpoint titration (TET) method for the determination of sodium in various foodstuffs is described. Sodium reacts exothermically with aluminium in the presence of an excess of potassium and fluoride ions to form NaK2AlF6 (“elpasolite”). This reaction forms the basis of a ro- bust, reliable analytical procedure suitable for routine process control. The reaction of calcium under similar conditions (to form KCaAlF6) suggests that potentially, calcium may interfere in the determination of sodium in some foodstuffs. Results of an investigation suggest that at molar ratios [Ca]/[Na] < 0.85, an error of <1% of the measured value of sodium is incurred.

采用UV光诱导微孔发泡产生3D结构的胶印新方法

0引言近年来，科研人员研发出多种新型印刷技术和印刷油墨，以实现不同基底上制备凸起三维（3D）结构。本研究开发出一种基于光化学反应的新型发泡油墨，无须其他辅助工艺。

Pseudo-or real progression? An ovarian cancer patient under nivolumab:A case report

BACKGROUND Checkpoint-Inhibition has revolutionized the treatment for several entities such as melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.The first encouraging experience in ovarian cancer was reported for nivolumab,a fully humanized anti-programmed death-1 antibody.Pseudoprogression is a new phenomenon associated with these novel immuno-oncologic agents.It can be explained by infiltrating leucocytes and edema that result in a temporary increase in tumor size and delayed subsequent shrinkage due to tumor cell destruction.CASE SUMMARY We report on a 47-year old patient with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer that was treated off-label with nivolumab 3mg/kg iv d1q14d.She first experienced classic pseudoprogression with inguinal lymph node swelling after cycle two and subsequent shrinkage.After 6 cycles she presented with rectal bleeding and progressive disease was diagnosed due to new tumor infiltration into the rectum.CONCLUSION Clinicians should be aware of pseudoprogression,its underlying mechanisms and strategies to discriminate pseudo-from real progression in ovarian cancer.

A multi-stage triaxial testing procedure for low permeable geomaterials applied to Opalinus Clay

In many engineering applications,it is important to determine both effective rock properties and the rock behavior which are representative for the problem’s in situ conditions.For this purpose,rock samples are usually extracted from the ground and brought to the laboratory to perform laboratory experiments such as consolidated undrained(CU)triaxial tests.For low permeable geomaterials such as clay shales,core extraction,handling,storage,and specimen preparation can lead to a reduction in the degree of saturation and the effective stress state in the specimen prior to testing remains uncertain.Related changes in structure and the effect of capillary pressure can alter the properties of the specimen and affect the reliability of the test results.A careful testing procedure including back-saturation,consolidation and adequate shearing of the specimen,however,can overcome these issues.Although substantial effort has been devoted during the past decades to the establishment of a testing procedure for low permeable geomaterials,no consistent protocol can be found.With a special focus on CU tests on Opalinus Clay,this study gives a review of the theoretical concepts necessary for planning and validating the results during the individual testing stages(saturation,consolidation,and shearing).The discussed tests protocol is further applied to a series of specimens of Opalinus Clay to illustrate its applicability and highlight the key aspects.

Human induced pluripotent stem cell based in vitro models of the blood-brain barrier： the future standard？

There is an urgent and tremendous need for human dis- ease models in drug development in order to improve pre- clinical predictability. In the case of brain disorders drugs have to cross the blood-brain barrier （BBB） to enter the central nervous system （CNS）. It was estimated that more than 95% of the drugs cannot cross the BBB.

Nicotine Weakens the Osteogenic Differentiation and Immune Regulation Capabilities of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease resulting in the loss of periodontal tissues and ultimately teeth,thus posing a substantial public-health burden worldwide[1].With the widespread increase in mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)therapy and the discovery of MSCs in periodontal ligaments[2],periodontal ligament stem cells(PDLSCs)have been used to reconstruct periodontal tissue and repair bone defects[2,3].Furthermore.

Microcalorimetric Study of Extruded Dog Food Containing Probiotic Micro-Organisms

Extruded dry dog food products claimed to have a probiotic ingredient of Enterococcus faecium (NCIMB10415) in the commercial available formulations under the brand name of ProBiotic LIVE (Bacterfield S.A., Luxembourg) were studied in the present work using a multichannel thermal activity monitor TAM III. Maximum specific growth rate, heat produced during different growth phases, and lag-phase duration were determined. The length of the lag-phase that can be used to determine the time necessary for the probiotic ingredient to restore its activity after consumption of probiotic containing extruded products was also measured. The calorimetric data confirmed the ability of the Enterococcus faecium to grow at the acidic pH conditions, modeling conditions of gastro-intestinal tract of dogs, and preserve its metabolic activity (viability) at the same level as at the neutral pH. The results obtained indicated that microcalorimetry was a precise and convenient tool for monitoring probiotic activity in complicated solid-state matrices.

Compound’s Pre-Screening of <i>Withania somnifera</i>, <i>Bacopa monnieri</i>and <i>Centella asiatica</i>Extracts

Spectral fluorescence signature, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for identification of chemical and bioactive compounds were applied to study the plant extracts of Withania somnifera, Centella asiatica and Bacopa monnieri which are related to the possible treatment of mental diseases as Alzheimer, Parkinson and Depression. These plants are known for different positive phytotherapeutic effects on the human brain without negative post-, adverse or after effects to the treated individuals, and have been recommended in several medical studies. Therefore, we selected these plants for further analysis, based on the inhibition results of in vitro Amyloid Beta fibrillation tests made by previous measurements. With this study a first screening of the complex plant extract mixtures was performed, to get an initial overview about known and unknown ingredients. In all three plants, similar main compounds were identified, however in different quality and quantity. These may provide substantial information on which compound combinations might be mainly responsible for the positive effects and should be further investigated being responsible for reducing the fibrillation process of Amyloid Beta.

Ultrastructural Characteristics of Sheep and Horse Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)

In the present study, the morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) induced towards osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages were investigated. The main objective of this paper was to focus on the differentiation capacity of ovine [oMSCs] and equine MSCs [eMSCs]. Bone marrow [BM] MSCs were isolated from ovine and equine patients, expanded in monolayer culture and induced into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. For chondrogenic differentiation, cells were cultured in micromass culture. Also, their ultrastructural phenotypes were studied by transmission electron microscopy [TEM]. This study was aimed to provide an indepth morphological description of BM-derived ovine and equine MSCs induced towards three lineages, it demonstrated that TEM analysis is useful in elucidating detailed structural information.

Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Reverse the High Glucose Level-Induced Inflammatory State of Macrophages

Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease characterized by plaque biofilm as its main pathogenic factor;its clinical manifestations include gingival inflammation,alveolar bone resorption,attachment loss,and periodontal pocket formation,all of which eventually lead to tooth loss and seriously affect the quality of life of patients[1].This illness has a close relationship with blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes and is one of the most important complications of diabetes[2].Macrophages are an important part of host immune responses and exhibit powerful functions of identifying,phagocytizing,and removing bacteria;macrophage polarization is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis[3].

Applicability of Strain Controlled Cyclic Tests for Short Fibre Reinforced Polymers

To develop parts, made of short glas fibre reinforced (sgfr) polymers for industrial purposes, a comprehensive material knowledge is necessary. Especially the material behaviour under cyclic loads has a great influence on the life time of parts. Parts are often used under complex load cases (stress state, temperature, ...), therefore it is indispensable to understand the effect of the main influence factors. High loads within load histories as well as stress concentrations can lead to plastic deformations. To cover this in an early stage of the development process, a closed simulation chain should be established. Therefore, the applicability of common material models (e.g. fatigue criteria according to Ramberg-Osgood) has to be studied first, the models have to be adapted or even new models have to be found for sgfr materials. This work focuses on the applicability of strain controlled cyclic tests for glass fibre reinforced polymers. Hereby the cyclic stress rearrangement in the low cycle regime of the S/N-curve can be described. Therefore, tests were performed on a 50 wt% sgfr partial aromatic polyamide. For the fatigue tests un-notched, injection moulded specimen were used. The tests show a principal applicability of strain controlled LCF-tests for sgfr polymers.

Agroclimatological Characteristics of Rainy Seasons in Southwestern Burkina Faso during the 1970-2013 Period

The different drought phases observed during the 1970-2010 period have underlined important weaknesses of West African agricultural systems. The droughts resulted in important decreases in crop production, triggering a significant deficit in food availability. Many studies have identified changes in rain events seasonal patterns as the key drivers of agricultural production failure during these drought phases. In this study, seven agriculturally-relevant intra-seasonal rainfall characteristics (i.e., annual rainfall amount, onset and cessation of the rainy season, dry spells, extreme rain events, hot spells, and strong winds) and associated constraints to crop growth are described for the main cereals (maize, millet, and sorghum) in southwestern Burkina Faso. These characteristics are calculated or determined using daily climate data from a local network of 16 weather stations spanning the 1970-2013 period. A computation of the intensity and the occurrence of these phenomena during the rainy seasons helped to draw the rainy seasons’ nomenclature. Findings suggest that the rainy seasons during the drought phases are characterized by low annual rainfall amount, late onset, early cessation and more frequent long dry spells (>7 days). Furthermore, the long dry spells mostly occurred during the most sensitive phases of crop development: germination at the beginning of the rainy season and flowering at the end of the rainy season. Also, the intensity and the probability of occurrence of the other extreme events (hot spells and strong winds) during rainy seasons are very high in the establishment phase. Thus, adaptation strategies to mitigate these unfavorable climate conditions include a selection of short-cycle crop varieties combined with supplementary irrigation systems during long dry spells.

Land Use Land Cover Dynamics and Farmland Intensity Analysis at Ouahigouya Municipality of Burkina Faso,West Africa

Sahel zone has been reported as one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change, so serious attention must be paid to this zone by researchers and development actors who are interested in environmental-human dynamics and interactions. The aim of this study was to bring more insight into the impact of actions aiming at reducing land degradation, regreening the Sahel, stopping population migration and reducing the pressure on land in the Sahelian zone. The study focused on farmland dynamic in Ouahigouya municipality based on remote sensing data from 1986 to 2016 using intensity analysis. The annual time interval change was 0.77% and 2.46% for 1986-2001 and 2001-2016, respectively. Farmlands gained from mixt vegetation, water bodies and from bar lands. Mixed vegetation and water bodies were both active during both intervals while the other land use such as woodland and bar land were dormant. Combining land use land cover analysis and intensity analysis was found to be effective for assessing the differentiated impact of the various land restoration actions.

Effect of structured nurse-patient conversation on preventing falls among patients in an acute care hospital:A mixed study

Objectives:Inpatient falls are a major patient safety issue in acute care hospitals.Multifactorial inhospital fall prevention programs have shown reductions in falls and related risks.One common element of successful programs is active patient involvement.This study objective was to explore patients’and nurses’experiences with a structured intervention to foster patient involvement.Methods:This study was conducted between September 2020 and April 2021 in a university hospital neurological ward.The studied intervention consisted of a falls information leaflet,and a structured nurse-patient conversation about fall risk-reduction activities.Nurses were trained to deliver the intervention and supported throughout the study.Nurses’and patients’experiences regarding personal involvement,satisfaction,and confidence were surveyed and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively.Results:Fifty-six patients recruited by ward nurses received the intervention.After receiving the intervention,patients reported high levels of satisfaction with the in-hospital fall prevention conversation.Twenty-one nurses indicated that they would use the leaflet and communication aid.Twenty-one nurses commented on intervention facilitators and barriers.More specific facilitators included their shared perception that“handing out the leaflet to patients was not problematic”and that the leaflet was seen as“applicable in many patient situations.”Their comments indicated two particularly prominent barriers to conducting the intervention in clinical practice:1)“finding the time for the implementation in the daily clinical routine and workload”and 2)“environmental factors like a noisy and busy atmosphere on the ward.”Conclusions:This study provides insights into a patient involvement intervention featuring a structured nurse-patient discussion about fall risks.The accompanying information leaflet and communication guide require adaptations to facilitate sustainable implementation into the hospital’s fall prevention program,but proved useful.

Single-shot 3D incoherent imaging with diffuser endoscopy

Minimally invasive endoscopy offers a high potential for biomedical imaging applications.However,conventional fiberoptic endoscopes require lens systems which are not suitable for real-time 3D imaging.Instead,a diffuser is utilized for passively encoding incoherent 3D objects into 2D speckle patterns.Neural networks are employed for fast computational image reconstruction beyond the optical memory effect.In this paper,we demonstrate single-shot 3D incoherent fiber imaging with keyhole access at video rate.Applying the diffuser fiber endoscope for fluorescence imaging is promising for in vivo deep brain diagnostics with cellular resolution.