Distribution of pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial sensitivity of eye infections in Suzhou

AIM:To investigate the types of bacteria in patients with eye infections in Suzhou and their drug resistance to commonly used antibacterial drugs.METHODS:The clinical data of 155 patients were retrospectively collected in this study,and the pathogenic bacteria species and drug resistance of each pathogenic bacteria were analyzed.RESULTS:Among the 155 patients(age from 12 to 87 years old,with an average age of 57,99 males and 56 females)with eye infections(160 eyes:74 in the left eye,76 in the right eye and 5 in both eyes,all of which were exogenous),71(45.81%)strains were gram-positive bacteria,23(14.84%)strains were gram-negative bacteria and 61(39.35%)strains were fungi.Gram-positive bacteria were highly resistant to penicillin and erythromycin(78.87%and 46.48%respectively),but least resistant to vancomycin at 0.Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to cefoxitin and compound sulfamethoxazole(100%and 95.65%respectively),but least resistant to meropenem at 0.Comparison of the resistance of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria to some drugs revealed statistically significant differences(P<0.05)in the resistance of both to cefoxitin,cotrimoxazole,levofloxacin,cefuroxime,ceftriaxone and ceftazidime,and both had higher rates of resistance to gram-negative bacteria than to gram-positive bacteria.The distribution of bacterial infection strains showed that Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common strain in the conjunctiva,cornea,aqueous humor or vitreous body and other eye parts.Besides,Fusarium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were also among the most common strains of conjunctival and corneal infections.CONCLUSION:Gram-positive bacteria are the dominant bacteria in eye infections,followed by gram-negative bacteria and fungi.Considering the resistance of gramnegative bacteria to multiple drugs,monitoring of bacteria should be strengthened in eye bacterial infections for effective prevention and control to reduce complications caused by eye infections.

New cheaper human papilloma virus mass screening strategy reduces cervical cancer incidence in Changsha city:A clinical trial

BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death in women worldwide,second only to breast cancer.Around 80%of women have been infected with human papillomavirus(HPV)in their lifetime.Early screening and treatment are effective means of preventing cervical cancer,but due to economic reasons,many parts of the world do not have free screening programs to protect women’s health.AIM To increase HPV cervical cancer screening in Changsha and reduce the incidence of cervical cancer.METHODS Cervical cancer screening included gynecological examination,vaginal secretion examination and HPV high-risk typing testing.Cervical cytology examination(ThinPrep cytology test)was performed for individuals who test positive for HPV types other than 16 and 18.Vaginal colposcopy examination was performed for HPV16 and 18 positive individuals,as well as for those who were positive for ThinPrep cytology test.If the results of vaginal colposcopy examination were abnormal,histopathological examination was performed.We conducted a cost-benefit analysis after 4 years.RESULTS From 2019 to 2022,523437 women aged 35-64 years in Changsha city were screened and 73313 were positive,with a 14%positive rate.The detection rate of precancerous lesions of cervical cancer was 0.6%and the detection rate of cervical cancer was 0.037%.Among 311212 patients who underwent two cancers examinations,the incidence rate was reduced by more than half in the second examination.The average screening cost per woman was 120 RMB.The average cost of detecting early cases was 10619 RMB,with an early detection cost coefficient of 0.083.CONCLUSION Our screening strategy was effective and cost-effective,making it valuable for early diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer.It is worth promoting in economically limited areas.

Early expression of PTX3 in Aspergillus fumigatus infected rat cornea

AIM： To investigate the expression of pentraxin 3（PTX3） in rat corneal epithelium at the early stage of Aspergillus fumigatus（A. fumigatus） infection. METHODS： A total of 50 Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, Sham group and experimental group（fungal keratitis group, FK group）. The right eye was chosen as the experiment one and infected by A. fumigatus. Rats were executed at 8, 16 and 24 h after the experimental models being established. Corneal epithelia were collected to assess the expression of PTX3 by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction（q RT-PCR） and Western blot analysis. RESULTS： Corneal inflammation scores increased as infection prolonged（P〈0.05, P〈0.001）. PTX3 m RNA expression was low in normal and Sham group rats＇ corneas. Level of PTX3 m RNA in infected rat cornea was elevated at 8 h and peaked at 16 h. The difference was significant compared with control group（P〈0.001）. Western blot analysis also showed a significant increase of PTX3 protein in experimental group at 8 h and peaked at 16 h（P〈0.001）. The synchronous expression of control group and experimental group were also in significant difference（P〈0.001）. CONCLUSION： PTX3 exists in cornea epithelium and is significantly increased after A. fumigatus infection. PTX3 plays an important role in the early stage of cornea innate immunity against A. fumigatus.

Awareness of initiative practice for health in the Chinese population:A questionnaire survey based on a network platform

BACKGROUND In 2016,the Chinese government issued the Healthy China 2030 plan,which also produced the initiative practice for health(IPFH)concept.However,people’s knowledge and awareness of the IPFH are unclear.AIM To investigate awareness of IPFH in the Chinese population and explore the relevant influential factors.METHODS An internet-based self-designed questionnaire survey was used to collect respondents’demographic characteristics and awareness of health and the IPFH from March 26 to April 18,2020.IPFH consciousness was assessed by the scores for different related questions.The Student’s t test,the Chi-square test,and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the differences and influencing factors.RESULTS A total of 2678 valid questionnaires were collected.Of the respondents,973(36.3%)had heard of the IPFH concept.In addition,89.5% of participants agreed with the view that the IPFH is beneficial to improving quality of life,and over half thought that a regular schedule,a reasonable diet,tobacco and alcohol control,a cheerful mood,specific life goals and plans,taking the initiative to accept health-related education and implement health knowledge,good interpersonal relationships,and regular physical examinations were closely related to the IPFH.The majority of respondents paid attention to their health and usually obtained health-related knowledge via social media and were also willing to promote the IPFH.Most of the participants underestimated the role of hospitals,family doctors,and health managers in promoting the IPFH.Age,monthly income,and medical-related work experience were the influencing factors for IPFH awareness.CONCLUSION The Chinese population has limited knowledge of the IPFH.People with strong IPFH awareness are older,earn more,and have medical-related work experience.

Endothelial cells in colorectal cancer

The dependence of tumor growth on neovascularization has become an important aspect of cancer biology.Tumor angiogenesis is one of the key mechanisms of tumorigenesis,growth and metastasis.The key events involved in this process are endothelial cell proliferation,migration,and vascular formation.Recent studies have revealed the importance of tumor-associated endothelial cells(TECs)in the development and progression of colorectal cancer(CRC),including epithelial proliferation,stem cell maintenance,angiogenesis,and immune remodeling.Decades of research have identified that the molecular basis of tumor angiogenesis includes vascular endothelial growth factors(VEGFs)and their receptor family,which are the main targets of antiangiogenesis therapy.VEGFs and their receptors play key roles in the pathology of angiogenesis,and their overexpression indicates poor prognosis in CRC.This article reviews the characteristics of the tumor vasculature and the role of TECs in different stages of CRC and immune remodeling.We also discuss the biological effects of VEGFs and their receptor family as angiogenesis regulators and emphasize the clinical implications of TECs in clinical treatment.

Impact of the COVID-19 kindergarten closure on overweight and obesity among 3-to 7-year-old children

Background Knowledge on the impact of the temporary kindergarten closure policy under COVID-19 in 2020 on childhood overweight and obesity is inadequate.We aimed to examine differences in rates of overweight and obesity from 2018 to 2021 among kindergarten children aged 3–7 years.Methods Overweight was defined as body mass index(BMI)>1 standard deviation(SD)for age and sex,and obesity was defined as BMI>2 SD for age and sex.Generalized linear mixed modeling was used for analysis.Results A total of 44,884 children and 71,216 growth data points from all 57 public kindergartens in Jiading District,Shanghai,China were analyzed.The rates of obesity from 2018 to 2021 were 6.9%,6.6%,9.5%,and 7.3%in boys and 2.8%,2.8%,4.5%,and 3.1%in girls,respectively.The rates of overweight from 2018 to 2021 were 14.3%,14.3%,18.2%,and 15.3%in boys and 10.6%,10.9%,13.9%,and 11.6%in girls.The rates of obesity and overweight among kindergarten children in 2020 were significantly higher than those in 2018,2019,and 2021.Compared to 2020,the odds ratios of the obesity rate in 2018,2019,and 2021 were 0.67[95%confidence interval(CI)=0.58–0.77,P<0.001],0.72(95%CI=0.64–0.80,P<0.001)and 0.81(95%CI=0.72–0.92,P=0.001),respectively.The odds ratios of the overweight rate in 2018,2019,and 2021 were 0.75(95%CI=0.69–0.82,P<0.001),0.78(95%CI=0.72–0.84,P<0.001),and 0.89(95%CI=0.81–0.97,P=0.008),respectively,compared to 2020.Conclusions The rates of overweight and obesity significantly increased among kindergarten children in 2020 after the 5-month kindergarten closure.It was critical to provide guidance to caregivers on fostering a healthy lifestyle for children at home under public health emergencies.