Comparative study on emotional behavior and parental job stress of only-child and non-only-child preschool children

BACKGROUND Studies have revealed that Children's psychological,behavioral,and emotional problems are easily influenced by the family environment.In recent years,the family structure in China has undergone significant changes,with more families having two or three children.AIM To explore the relationship between emotional behavior and parental job stress in only preschool and non-only preschool children.METHODS Children aged 3-6 in kindergartens in four main urban areas of Shijiazhuang were selected by stratified sampling for a questionnaire and divided into only and nononly child groups.Their emotional behaviors and parental pressure were compared.Only and non-only children were paired in a 1:1 ratio by class and age(difference less than or equal to 6 months),and the matched data were compared.The relationship between children's emotional behavior and parents'job stress before and after matching was analyzed.RESULTS Before matching,the mother's occupation,children's personality characteristics,and children's rearing patterns differed between the groups(P<0.05).After matching 550 pairs,differences in the children's parenting styles remained.There were significant differences in children's gender and parents'attitudes toward children between the two groups.The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ)scores of children in the only child group and the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form(PSI-SF)scores of parents were significantly lower than those in the non-only child group(P<0.05).Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that after matching,there was a positive correlation between children's parenting style and parents'attitudes toward their children(r=0.096,P<0.01),and the PSI-SF score was positively correlated with children's gender,parents'attitudes toward their children,and SDQ scores(r=0.077,0.193,0.172,0.222).CONCLUSION Preschool children's emotional behavior and parental pressure were significantly higher in multi-child families.Parental pressure in differently structured families was associated with many factors,and preschool children's emotional behavior was positively correlated with parental pressure.

Clarifying the relationship and analyzing the influential factors of bronchial asthma in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

BACKGROUND Bronchial asthma is closely related to the occurrence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)in children,which can easily have adverse effects on children’s learning and social interactions.Studies have shown that childhood asthma can increase the risk of ADHD and the core symptoms of ADHD.Compared with children with ADHD alone,children with asthma and ADHD are more likely to show high levels of hyperactivity,hyperactive-impulsive and other externalizing behaviors and anxiety in clinical practice and have more symptoms of somatization and emotional internalization.AIM To explore the relationship between ADHD in children and bronchial asthma and to analyze its influencing factors.METHODS This retrospective cohort study was conducted at Dongying People's Hospital from September 2018 to August 2023.Children diagnosed with ADHD at this hospital were selected as the ADHD group,while healthy children without ADHD who underwent physical examinations during the same period served as the control group.Clinical and parental data were collected for all participating children,and multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify risk factors for comorbid asthma in children with ADHD.RESULTSSignificant differences were detected between the ADHD group and the control group in terms of family history ofasthma and allergic diseases, maternal complications during pregnancy, maternal use of asthma and allergymedications during pregnancy, maternal anxiety and depression during pregnancy, and parental relationshipstatus (P < 0.05). Out of the 183 children in the ADHD group, 25 had comorbid asthma, resulting in a comorbidityrate of 13.66% (25/183), compared to the comorbidity rate of 2.91% (16/549) among the 549 children in the controlgroup. The difference in the asthma comorbidity rate between the two groups was statistically significant (P <0.05). The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that family history of asthma and allergicdiseases, maternal complications during pregnancy, maternal use of asthma and allergy medications duringpregnancy, maternal anxiety and depression during pregnancy, and parental relationship status are independentrisk factors increasing the risk of comorbid asthma in children with ADHD (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONChildren with ADHD were more likely to have comorbid asthma than healthy control children were. A familyhistory of asthma, adverse maternal factors during pregnancy, and parental relationship status were identified asrisk factors influencing the comorbidity of asthma in children with ADHD. Clinically, targeted interventions basedon these factors can be implemented to reduce the risk of comorbid asthma. This information is relevant for resultssections of abstracts in scientific articles.

Diffusion tensor imaging assesses white matter injury in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

With improvements in care of at-risk neonates, more and more children survive. This makes it increasingly important to assess, soon after birth, the prognosis of children with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Computed tomography, ultrasound, and conventional magnetic resonance imaging are helpful to diagnose brain injury, but cannot quantify white matter damage. In this study, ten full-term infants without brain injury and twenty-two full-term neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy （14 moderate cases and 8 severe cases） underwent diffusion tensor imaging to assess its feasibility in evaluating white matter damage in this condition. Results demonstrated that fractional anisotropy, voxel volume, and number of fiber bundles were different in some brain areas between infants with brain injury and those without brain injury. The correlation between fractional anisotropy values and neonatal behavioral neurological assessment scores was closest in the posterior limbs of the internal capsule. We conclude that diffusion tensor imaging can quantify white matter injury in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Resting-state network complexity and magnitude changes in neonates with severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging has revealed disrupted brain network connectivity in adults and teenagers with cerebral palsy. However, the specific brain networks implicated in neonatal cases remain poorly understood. In this study, we recruited 14 termborn infants with mild hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and 14 term-born infants with severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy from Changzhou Children's Hospital, China. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data showed efficient small-world organization in whole-brain networks in both the mild and severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy groups. However, compared with the mild hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy group, the severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy group exhibited decreased local efficiency and a low clustering coefficient. The distribution of hub regions in the functional networks had fewer nodes in the severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy group compared with the mild hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy group. Moreover, nodal efficiency was reduced in the left rolandic operculum, left supramarginal gyrus, bilateral superior temporal gyrus, and right middle temporal gyrus. These results suggest that the topological structure of the resting state functional network in children with severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is clearly distinct from that in children with mild hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, and may be associated with impaired language, motion, and cognition. These data indicate that it may be possible to make early predictions regarding brain development in children with severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, enabling early interventions targeting brain function. This study was approved by the Regional Ethics Review Boards of the Changzhou Children's Hospital(approval No. 2013-001) on January 31, 2013. Informed consent was obtained from the family members of the children. The trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(registration number: ChiCTR1800016409) and the protocol version is 1.0.

Liquorrhoea associated with intrapelvic meningocele resection successfully treated by conservative therapy: a case report

Asymptomatic intrapelvic meningocele is rare. Here, we report the case of a 30-year-old Chinese man who underwent sigmoidectomy due to megacolon. During the operation, an intrapelvic cyst was found and resected. Meningocele was confirmed by histological examination. The patient recovered well postoperatively with the ex- ception of liquorrhoea. Conservative therapy was initiated, including draining, anti-infection and specific posture maintenance. During the following week, liquorrhoea was generally relieved and the patient was discharged. This is the first known report of liquorrhoea associated with intrapelvic meningocele resection successfully treated by conservative therapy. Our case indicates that conservative treatment may be considered for similar cases so that a second surgery is avoided.

Study on the Relationship Between the Growth and Development Speed and the Expression of GH and IGF-1 in Children

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the growth and development speed and the expression of growth hormone(GH)and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)in children.Methods:A total of 78 healthy children who received physical examination in our hospital from December 2020 to December 2022 were randomly selected by cluster sampling,which were divided into three groups according to the standard deviation unit curve of height and weight,namely,the delayed group(n=11),the normal group(n=51)and the tachycardia group.Fasting venous blood was collected in the early morning to detect the levels of GH and IGF-1 from the three groups of children according to the relevant operation standards.Pearson correlation analysis was performed betweenΔheight,Δweight and GH,IGF-1 in all children.Results:Overall analysis showed that there were significant differences in height and weight among the three groups of children on the day of enrollment,at 3,6,9 and 12months after enrollment(P<0.05).Intra-group comparison showed that the height and weight levels of the children in the three groups at 12 months were significantly higher than those on the day of enrollment,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The height and weight of children in normal group and tachycardia group were significantly higher than those in tardy group on the day of enrollment,at 3,6,9 and 12months after enrollment(P<0.05).The height and weight of the children in the tachycardia group were higher than those in the normal group on the day of admission,at 3,6,9and 12 months after admission(P<0.05).There were significant differences inΔheight andΔweight among the three groups(P<0.05).TheΔheight andΔweight of children in normal group and tachycardia group were higher than those in delayed group,and theΔheight andΔweight of children in tachycardia group were higher than those in normal group(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the levels of GH and IGF-1 among the three groups on the day of enrollment and 12 months after enrollment(P<0.05).The levels of GH and IGF-1 in normal group and tachycardia group were higher than those in delayed group on the same day and 12 months after treatment(P<0.05),and the levels of GH and IGF-1 in tachycardia group were higher than those in normal group on the same day and 12 months after treatment(P<0.05).The changes of GH and IGF0-1 in the three groups were compared,and there was no significant difference inΔGH andΔIGF-1 among the three groups(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed thatΔheight andΔweight were positively correlated with GH and IGF-1(R=0.715-0.886,P<0.05).Conclusion:There is a close relationship between the growth and development speed of children and the expression of GH and IGF-1 in the body,which can be used as a diagnostic basis for the diseases related to abnormal growth and development in children.

Effect of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Gene Polymorphism on Hemodynamics After Nitroglycerin Intervention in Northern Chinese Han Population

Background：Nitroglycerin （NTG） is one of the few immediate treatments for acute angina.Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 （ALDH2） is a key enzyme in the human body that facilitates the biological metabolism of NTG.The biological mechanism of NTG serves an important function in NTG efficacy.Some reports still contradict the results that the correlation between ALDH2 gene polymorphisms and NTG and its clinical efficacy is different.However,data on NTG measurement by pain relief are subjective.This study aimed to investigate the influence ofALDH2 gene polymorphism on intervention with sublingual NTG using noninvasive hemodynamic parameters of cardiac output （CO） and systemic vascular resistance （SVR） in Northern Chinese Han population.Methods：This study selected 559 patients from the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University.A total of 203 patients presented with coronary heart disease （CHD） and 356 had non-CHD （NCHD） cases.All patient ALDH2 genotypes （G504A） were detected and divided into two types：Wild （GG） and mutant （GA/AA）.Among the CHD group,103 were wild-type cases,and 100 were mutant-type cases.Moreover,196 cases were wild-type,and 160 cases were mutant type among the NCHD volunteers.A noninvasive hemodynamic detector was used to monitor the CO and the SVR at the 0,5,and 15 minute time points after medication with 0.5 mg sublingual NTG.Two CO and SVR indicators were used for a comparative analysis of all case genotypes.Results：Both CO and SVR indicators significantly differed between the wild and mutant genotypes at various time points after intervention with sublingual NTG at 5 and 15 minutes in the NCHD （F =16.460,15.003,P =0.000,0.000） and CHD groups （F =194.482,60.582,P =0.000,0.000）.All CO values in the wild-type case of both NCHD and CHD groups increased,whereas those in the mutant type decreased.The CO and △CO differences were statistically significant （P 〈 0.05; P 〈 0.05）.The SVR and △SVR changed between the wild-and mutant-type cases at all-time points in both NCHD and CHD groups had statistically significant differences （P 〈 0.05; P 〈 0.05）.Conclusion：ALDH2 （G504A） gene polymorphism is associated with changes in noninvasive hemodynamic parameters （i.e.CO and SVR） after intervention with sublingual NTG.This gene polymorphism may influence the effect of NTG intervention on Northern Chinese Han population.

Effect of maternal lipid profile,C-peptide,insulin,and HBA1c levels during late pregnancy on large-for-gestational age newborns

Background:Large-for-gestational age(LGA)newborns can increase the risk of metabolic syndrome.Previous studies have shown that the levels of maternal blood lipids,connecting peptide(C-peptide),insulin and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA_(1c))were significantly different between LGA and appropriate-for-gestational age(AGA)newborns.This study aimed to determine the effect of the levels of maternal lipids,C-peptide,insulin,and HbA_(1c) during late pregnancy on LGA newborns.Methods:This study comprised 2790 non-diabetic women in late pregnancy.Among their newborns,2236(80.1%)newborns were AGA,and 554(19.9%)newborns were LGA.Maternal and neonatal characteristics were obtained from questionnaires and their case records.The levels of maternal fasting serum apolipoprotein A1(ApoA1),triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),C-peptide,insulin and blood HbA_(1c) were measured.The chi-square and Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze categorical variables and continuous variables between the AGA and LGA groups,respectively.Binary logistic regression analysis was made to determine the independent risk factors for LGA newborns.Results:Maternal TG,C-peptide,insulin and HbA_(1c) levels were signifi cantly higher in the LGA group than in the AGA group(P<0.05).The LGA group had signifi cantly lower levels of maternal TC,HDL-C and LDL-C than the AGA group(P<0.05).After adjustment for confounding variables,including maternal age,pre-pregnancy body mass index,education,smoking,annual household income,amniotic fluid volume,gestational hypertension,newborn gender and gestational age at blood collection,high maternal TG levels remained signifi cantly associated with LGA newborns(P<0.05).Conclusion:High maternal TG level during late pregnancy is signifi cantly associated with LGA newborns.

A high-fat high-energy diet influences hepatic CYP3A expression and activity in low-birth-weight developing female rats

Background:The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a high-fat,high-energy(HFHE)diet on the hepatic expression of CYP3A in low-birthweight developing female rats.Methods:Pregnant rats were divided into nourished and undernourished groups.The offspring of the nourished rats were defined as the normal-birth-weight(NBW)group,and those of undernourished rats were defined as the low-birth-weight(LBW)group.According to their birth weights and diets,the rats were subdivided into the following four groups:NBW-normal diet(NN)group;NBW-HFHE(NH)group;LBW-normal diet(LN)group;and LBW-HFHE(LH)group.Liver samples were isolated on days 3,7,14,21,28,56 and 84 after birth.Results:The CYP3A1 mRNA levels in the LH group on days 3,56 and 84 were significantly higher than those of the NN group(P<0.05).CYP3A1 expression was significantly higher in the LH group than that in the NH group on days 21,28 and 84(P<0.05).CYP3A1 mRNA expression was higher in the LH group than that in the LN group on days 3 and 21(P<0.05).No zonal CYP3A1 expression pattern was observed in the LH developmental group.The LH group had significantly higher mean activity than the LN group on days 7,14,28 and 56.Conclusion:Our results indicated that an HFHE diet can result in alterations of CYP3A expression in a developmental LBW rat model.