Application of the Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbations Method in a Theoretical Grassland Ecosystem

Using a simplified nonlinearly theoretical grassland ecosystem proposed by Zeng et al.,we study the sensitivity and nonlinear instability of the grassland ecosystem to finiteamplitude initial perturbations with the approach of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation （CNOP）.The results show that the linearly stable grassland （desert or latent desert） states can turn to be nonlinearly unstable with finite amplitude initial perturbations.When the precipitation is between the two bifurcation points,a large enough finite amplitude initial perturbation can induce a transition between the grassland statethe desert state or the latent desert.

Automorphism of Cyclic Codes

We investigate how the code automorphism group can be used to study such combinatorial object as codes. Consider GF(qn) as a vector over GF(q). For any k = 0, 1, 2, 3, ???, n. Which GF(qn) exactly one subspace C of dimension k and which is invariant under the automorphism.

The Generalized KKM Map and Its Applications to Variational Inequalities

In this paper,applying the concept of generalized KKM map,we study problems of variational inequalities.We weaken convexity(concavity)conditions for a functional of two variables ■(x,y)in the general variational inequalities.Last,we show a proof of non-topological degree meth- od of acute angle principle about monotone operator as an application of these results.

THE PROBABILISTIC REPRESENTATION FORMULAE FOR COSINE OPERATOR FUNCTIONS

In this paper we obtained general representation formulae for strongly continuous cosine operator functions via probabilistic approach,which include Webb's[1]and Shaw's[2]formulae and some new one as special cases.We also give the quantitative estimations for the general formulae.

Multivariate Refinement Equations and Convergence of Cascade Algorithms in L_(p)(0

We consider the solutions of refinement equations written in the form$$\varphi \left( x \right) = \sum\limits_{\alpha \in \Zopf^s} {a\left( \alpha \right)\varphi \left( {Mx - \alpha } \right) + g\left( x \right),\,\,\,x \in \Ropf^s} $$where the vector of functions } = (}1, ..., }r)T is unknown, g is a given vector of compactly supported functions on A^s, a is a finitely supported sequence of r 2 r matrices called the refinement mask, and M is an s 2 s dilation matrix with m = |detM|. Inhomogeneous refinement equations appear in the construction of multiwavelets and the constructions of wavelets on a finite interval. The cascade algorithm with mask a, g, and dilation M generates a sequence }n, n = 1, 2, ..., by the iterative process$$\varphi _n \left( x \right) = \sum\limits_{\alpha \in \Zopf^s} {a\left( \alpha \right)\varphi _{n - 1} \left(Mx - \alpha \right) + g\left( x \right),\,\,\,x \in \Ropf^s} $$from a starting vector of function }0. We characterize the Lp-convergence (0 < p < 1) of the cascade algorithm in terms of the p-norm joint spectral radius of a collection of linear operators associated with the refinement mask. We also obtain a smoothness property of the solutions of the refinement equations associated with the homogeneous refinement equation.

ON CURVATURE PINCHING FOR MINIMAL AND KAEHLER SUBMANIFOLDS WITH ISOTROPIC SECOND FUNDAMENTAL FORM

An isometrically immersed submanifold is said to have isotropic second fundamental form if the length of the second fundamental form related ito any normal vector is the same one. In this note some curvature pinching theorems for compact minimal （resp. Kaehler） submanifolds in Sn+P（c） (resp. CPn+P（c）) with isotropic second fundamental form are given.

DAVENPORT'S THEOREM IN SHORT INTERVALS

Let μ be te Mbius function. It is proved that for any A】0sum from n=x【n≤x+y μ（n）e（na）【【s,Ay （logy）-Aholds uniformly for real α and y≥x2/3+ε （ε】0）, which generalizes H. Davenport’s theorem for Mbius function to short intervals.