Corrigendum to“Nitrosamines crisis in pharmaceuticals-Insights on toxicological implications,root causes and risk assessment:A systematic review”[J.Pharm.Anal.14(2024)100919]

Original statement in the Section 2:2.Literature search Our primary screening of 180 articles yielded the relevant data for this study.2.1.Study selection A total of 180 articles spanning from 1960 to the present day,including original research,reviews,case reports and studies reporting nitrosamine impurities above the no-observed-adverse-effect levels(NOAEL)established by regulatory agencies,were initially screened.During the primary screening,we considered factors such as relevance,publication date,access to the full article text,and content.

Progress in experimental models to investigate the in vivo and in vitro antidiabetic activity of drugs

Diabetes mellitus is one of the world's most prevalent and complex metabolic disorders,and it is a rapidly growing global public health issue.It is characterized by hyperglycemia,a condition involving a high blood glucose level brought on by deficiencies in insulin secretion,decreased activity of insulin,or both.Prolonged effects of diabetes include cardiovascular problems,retinopathy,neuropathy,nephropathy,and vascular alterations in both macro-and micro-blood vessels.In vivo and in vitro models have always been important for investigating and characterizing disease pathogenesis,identifying targets,and reviewing novel treatment options and medications.Fully understanding these models is crucial for the researchers so this review summarizes the different experimental in vivo and in vitro model options used to study diabetes and its consequences.The most popular in vivo studies involves the small animal models,such as rodent models,chemically induced diabetogens like streptozotocin and alloxan,and the possibility of deleting or overexpressing a specific gene by knockout and transgenic technologies on these animals.Other models include virally induced models,diet/nutrition induced diabetic animals,surgically induced models or pancreatectomy models,and non-obese models.Large animals or non-rodent models like porcine(pig),canine(dog),nonhuman primate,and Zebrafish models are also outlined.The in vitro models discussed are murine and human beta-cell lines and pancreatic islets,human stem cells,and organoid cultures.The other enzymatic in vitro tests to assess diabetes include assay of amylase inhibition and inhibition ofα-glucosidase activity.

Basic regulatory science behind drug substance and drug product specifications of monoclonal antibodies and other protein therapeutics

In this review,we focus on providing basics and examples for each component of the protein therapeutic specifications to interested pharmacists and biopharmaceutical scientists with a goal to strengthen understanding in regulatory science and compliance.Pharmaceutical specifications comprise a list of important quality attributes for testing,references to use for test procedures,and appropriate acceptance criteria for the tests,and they are set up to ensure that when a drug product is administered to a patient,its intended therapeutic benefits and safety can be rendered appropriately.Conformance of drug substance or drug product to the specifications is achieved by testing an article according to the listed tests and analytical methods and obtaining test results that meet the acceptance criteria.Quality attributes are chosen to be tested based on their quality risk,and consideration should be given to the merit of the analytical methods which are associated with the acceptance criteria of the specifications.Acceptance criteria are set forth primarily based on efficacy and safety profiles,with an increasing attention noted for patient-centric specifications.Discussed in this work are related guidelines that support the biopharmaceutical specification setting,how to set the acceptance criteria,and examples of the quality attributes and the analytical methods from 60 articles and 23 pharmacopeial monographs.Outlooks are also explored on process analytical technologies and other orthogonal tools which are on-trend in biopharmaceutical characterization and quality control.

Adding chitosan nanoparticles of green tea extract in diluent and thawing temperatures ameliorate the post-thawed quality of Boer buck semen

Objective:To improve the quality of post-thawing Boer buck semen for artificial insemination by adding green tea extract chitosan nanoparticles to skimmed egg yolk diluent,and the proper thawing temperature.Methods:The ejaculate of Boer buck was added to skimmed egg yolk diluent without(the control group)and with adding 1μg of chitosan nanoparticles of green tea extract per mL of diluent(the treatment group).Then,the diluted semen was filled in French mini straws containing 60×106 live sperm per straw,frozen in a standard protocol,and stored as frozen semen at−196℃for a week.Six replicates from each group were diluted for 30 s at 37℃or 39℃sterile water to evaluate the semen quality.Results:Post-thawing(at 37℃or 39℃)of live sperm,progressive motility,and plasma membrane integrity were lower compared to those of the pre-freezing stage(P<0.05).Thawing at 37℃resulted in no significant difference in live sperm,progressive motility,and plasma membrane between the control group and the treatment group(P>0.05).The live sperm,progressive motility,and plasma membrane of the treatment group in the pre-freezing stage,and post-thawed at 39℃were higher compared to those of the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in malondialdehyde(MDA)concentration,DNA fragmentation,and catalase concentration of thawing at 37℃compared to those of 39℃in the same group.The MDA concentration and DNA fragmentation in thawing at 37℃and 39℃of the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).However,the catalase concentration in thawing at 37℃and 39℃of the treatment group was not significantly different than the control group(P>0.05).Conclusions:Higher quality post-thawing Boer buck semen is achieved by adding 1μg/mL of chitosan nanoparticles of green tea extract to the skimmed egg yolk diluent and thawing at 39℃.

Mapping COVID-19 in India:Southern states at the forefront of new JN.1 variant

A new variant,JN.1,stemming from the omicron subvariant BA.2.86,garnered the attention of the World Health Organization(WHO)as a"variant of interest."Despite its rapid global spread,especially in the US,Canada,France,Singapore,Sweden[1],and the UK,JN.1 is considered to pose minimal danger.Current vaccinations are believed to remain effective against it.The WHO underscores the importance of maintaining immunization records amid co-occurring respiratory illnesses,and epidemiologists recommend monitoring hospitalizations,particularly in areas with low vaccination rates.

Establishment of NaLuF_(4):15%Tb-based low dose X-PDT agent and its application on efficient antitumor therapy

X-ray excited photodynamic therapy(X-PDT)is the bravo answer of photodynamic therapy(PDT)for deep-seated tumors,as it employs X-ray as the irradiation source to overcome the limitation of light penetration depth.However,high X-ray irradiation dose caused organ lesions and side effects became the major barrier to X-PDT application.To address this issue,this work employed a classic-al co-precipitation reaction to synthesize NaLuF_(4):15%Tb^(3+)(NLF)with an average particle size of(23.48±0.91)nm,which was then coupled with the photosensitizer merocyanine 540(MC540)to form the X-PDT system NLF-MC540 with high production of singlet oxygen.The system could induce antitumor efficacy to about 24%in relative low dose X-ray irradiation range(0.1-0.3 Gy).In vivo,when NLF-MC540 irradiated by 0.1 Gy X-ray,the tumor inhibition percentage reached 89.5%±5.7%.The therapeutic mechanism of low dose X-PDT was found.A significant increase of neutrophils in serum was found on the third day after X-PDT.By immunohistochemical staining of tumor sections,the Ly6G^(+),CD8^(+),and CD11c^(+)cells infiltrated in the tumor microenvironment were studied.Utilizing the bilat-eral tumor model,the NLF-MC540 with 0.1 Gy X-ray irradiation could inhibit both the primary tumor and the distant tumor growth.De-tected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),two cytokines IFN-γand TNF-αin serum were upregulated 7 and 6 times than negative control,respectively.Detected by enzyme linked immune spot assay(ELISPOT),the number of immune cells attributable to the IFN-γand TNF-αlevels in the group of low dose X-PDT were 14 and 6 times greater than that in the negative control group,respectively.Thus,it conclude that low dose X-PDT system could successfully upregulate the levels of immune cells,stimulate the secretion of cy-tokines(especially IFN-γand TNF-α),activate antitumor immunity,and finally inhibit colon tumor growth.

Emergence of taurine as a therapeutic agent for neurological disorders

Taurine is a sulfur-containing,semi-essential amino acid that occurs naturally in the body.It alternates between inflammation and oxidative stress-mediated injury in various disease models.As part of its limiting functions,taurine also modulates endoplasmic reticulum stress,Ca^(2+)homeostasis,and neuronal activity at the molecular level.Taurine effectively protects against a number of neurological disorders,including stro ke,epilepsy,cerebral ischemia,memory dysfunction,and spinal cord injury.Although various therapies are available,effective management of these disorders remains a global challenge.Approximately 30 million people are affected worldwide.The design of taurine fo rmation co uld lead to potential drugs/supplements for the health maintenance and treatment of central nervous system disorders.The general neuroprotective effects of taurine and the various possible underlying mechanisms are discussed in this review.This article is a good resource for understanding the general effects of taurine on various diseases.Given the strong evidence for the neuropharmacological efficacy of taurine in various experimental paradigms,it is concluded that this molecule should be considered and further investigated as a potential candidate for neurotherapeutics,with emphasis on mechanism and clinical studies to determine efficacy.

Nitrosamines crisis in pharmaceuticals-Insights on toxicological implications,root causes and risk assessment:A systematic review

The presence of N-nitroso compounds,particularly N-nitrosamines,in pharmaceutical products has raised global safety concerns due to their significant genotoxic and mutagenic effects.This systematic review investigates their toxicity in active pharmaceutical ingredients(APIs),drug products,and pharmaceutical excipients,along with novel analytical strategies for detection,root cause analysis,reformulation strategies,and regulatory guidelines for nitrosamines.This review emphasizes the molecular toxicity of N-nitroso compounds,focusing on genotoxic,mutagenic,carcinogenic,and other physiological effects.Additionally,it addresses the ongoing nitrosamine crisis,the development of nitrosamine-free products,and the importance of sensitive detection methods and precise risk evaluation.This comprehensive overview will aid molecular biologists,analytical scientists,formulation scientists in research and development sector,and researchers involved in management of nitrosamine-induced toxicity and promoting safer pharmaceutical products.

56 Years of the Marburg Virus—A Review of Therapeutics

Background: The Marburg virus (MARV) is the causative agent of Marburg virus disease (MVD). This filovirus first appeared in 1967 and has since caused several outbreaks with case fatality rates between 23% and 90%. The earliest cases of MVD are thought to be caused by exposure to an infected animal, either a reservoir host (some bat species, e.g., Rousettus aegyptiacus) or a spill-over host, such as non-human primates. The virus is spread between people by direct contact with blood or other bodily fluids (including saliva, sweat, faeces, urine, tears, and breast milk) from infected individuals. Despite the high fatality rate, the Marburg virus has no vaccine or drug treatment. Recent outbreaks of the virus in 2023 in Tanzania and Equatorial Guinea have reignited the need to develop effective therapeutics, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Purpose: This review seeks to highlight the drug discovery efforts aimed at developing vaccines or possible treatments as potential therapeutics. Several existing antiviral agents are being probed, and vaccines are in pre-clinical and clinical stages. Natural products are also an important source of possible drugs or lead compounds and when coupled with computational techniques, these strategies offer possible therapeutics for the Marburg virus, especially in Africa, which has a high disease burden. Methods: Using the search engines Google Scholar and PubMed;keywords e.g. Marburg virus, Marburg treatments, Marburg virus drug discovery were utilized. Several results were yielded, and articles published in recent years were accepted into the final list.Results and Conclusion: This study shows there is a growing interest in therapeutics for the Marburg virus, especially with the recent outbreaks and pandemic preparedness. Initiatives that to support vaccine development and access like the MARVAC consort time are critical to fighting this public health threat.

Comprehensive Assessment of Anxiolytic Properties in 4-HPAA Derivatives: Bridging in Vivo Validation and Molecular Docking Analyses

Anxiety is a significant mental health issue that substantially affects an individual’s quality of life. Feelings of uneasiness, irritability, and sleep disturbances characterize it. 4-Hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (4-HPAA) is identified in brain cells as a physiological byproduct of tyramine. This study hypothesizes that 4-HPAA may regulate anxiety due to its anxiolytic properties, acting as a modulator of the GABAergic system, which plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders. Our study aims to enhance the anxiolytic effects of 4-HPAA through chemical modification to improve its pharmacokinetic properties. Three derivatives, namely Isopropyl-4-hydroxy-[phenyl] acetate (IHPA), Isopropyl-4-hydroxy-[phenyl] acetate (MPAA), and 4-methoxyphenyl acetate (MPHA), have been synthesized from 4-HPAA. This assessment will use well-established animal models, specifically the Elevated Plus-Maze (EPM) and Zero Maze (EZM) tests, selected for their validity in replicating anxiety-like symptoms in animals. Chronic caffeine administration via drinking water (0.3 g/l for 14 days) was employed to induce an anxiety state for testing purposes. IHPA and MPAA demonstrated significant anxiolyticactivity when tested in the EPM and EZM experiments. Molecular docking simulations using AutoDock Vina indicated that 4-HPAA derivatives had docking scores ranging from −5.8 to −4.8 kcal/mol, compared to the standard anxiolytic medication Diazepam, which scored −7.1 kcal/mol. These scores suggest a potential for 4-HPAA derivatives to interact effectively with the Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA_A) receptor. In conclusion, our in vivo and in silico analyses indicate a promising anxiolytic potential for 4-HPAA derivatives.

Phytochemistry and potential therapeutic actions of Boswellic acids:A mini-review

The pentacyclic triterpenic acids isolated from the oleo gum resin of various Boswellia species are collectively called as Boswellic acids(BA).The oleo gum resin obtained from Indian variety i.e.Boswellia serrata(Family – Burseraceae) is commonly known as Salai guggal.The resin fraction of Salai guggal is rich in Boswellic acids and its essential oil is composed of a mixture of mono,di and sesquiterpenes while gum fraction chiefly contains pentose and hexose sugars.This oleo-gum resin is quite popular among traditional practitioners of traditional Chinese and Indian Systems of medicine owing to their wide range of useful biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,anti-arthritic,antirheumatic,anti-diarrheal,anti-hyperlipidemic,anti-asthmatic,anti-cancer,anti-microbial anti-fungal,anti-complementary and analgesic activity,etc.It has been used as a herbal medicine since the prehistoric time to cure acute and chronic ailments including inflammatory diseases.Phytochemical investigation of this herbal medicine lead to identification of Boswellic acids which are found to be novel,potent,specific antiinflammatory agents due to non-redox inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase(5-LO) enzyme.However,the other important targets of Boswellic acids also include topoisomerases,angiogenesis,and cytochrome p450 enzymes.This review is a sincere attempt to discuss and present the current status of therapeutic potential,phytochemical as well as pharmacological profile of Boswellic acids primarily obtained from B.serrata.

Selective micellar electrokinetic chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of some pharmaceutical binary mixtures containing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

A simple and selective micellar electrokinetic chromatographic （MEKC） method has been developed for the analysis of five pharmaceutical binary mixtures containing three non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs （NSAIDs）. The investigated mixtures were Ibuprofen （IP）-Paracetamol （PC）, Ibuprofen （IP）-Chlorzoxazone （CZ）, Ibuprofen （IP）Methocarbamol （MC）, Ketoprofen （KP） Chlorzoxazone （CZ） and Diclofenac sodium （DS）-Lidocaine hydrochloride （LC）. The separation was run for all mixtures using borate buffer （20 mM, pH 9） containing 15% （v/v） methanol and 100 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate （SDS） at 15 kV and the components were detected at 214 nm. Different factors affecting the electrophoretic mobility of the seven investigated drugs were studied and optimized. The method was validated according to international conference of harmonization （ICH） guidelines and United States pharmacopoeia （USP）. The method was applied to the analysis of five pharmaceutical binary mixtures in their dosage forms. The results were compared with other reported high performance liquid chromatographic methods and no significant differences were observed.

Kinetic spectrophotometric method for determination of amlodipine besylate in its pharmaceutical tablets

A simple and sensitive kinetic spectrophotometric method has been developed and validated for determination of amlodipine besylate （AML）. The method was based on the condensation reaction of AML with 7-chloro-4-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole in an alkaline buffer （pH 8.6） producing a highly colored product. The color development was monitored spectrophometrically at the maximum absorption λmax 470 nm. The factors affecting the reaction were studied and the conditions were optimized. The stoichiometry of the reaction was determined, and the reaction pathway was postulated. Moreover, both the activation energy and the specific rate constant （at 70 ℃） of the reaction were found to be 6.74 kcal mole-1 and 3.58 s -1, respectively. The initial rate and fixed time methods were utilized for constructing the calibration graphs lbr the determination of AML concentration. Under the optimum reaction conditions, the limits of detection and quantification were 0.35 and 1.05 ug/mL, respectively. The precision of the method was satisfactory; the relative standard deviations were 0.85-1.76%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of AML in its pure form and tablets with good accuracy; the recovery percentages ranged from 99.55 ± 1.69% to 100.65 ±1.48%. The results were compared with that of the reported method.

Nanotechnology-based gene therapy as a credible tool in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

Toxic aggregated amyloid-βaccumulation is a key pathogenic event in Alzheimer’s disease.Treatment approaches have focused on the suppression,deferral,or dispersion of amyloid-βfibers and plaques.Gene therapy has evolved as a potential therapeutic option for treating Alzheimer’s disease,owing to its rapid advancement over the recent decade.Small interfering ribonucleic acid has recently garnered considerable attention in gene therapy owing to its ability to down-regulate genes with high sequence specificity and an almost limitless number of therapeutic targets,including those that were once considered undruggable.However,lackluster cellular uptake and the destabilization of small interfering ribonucleic acid in its biological environment restrict its therapeutic application,necessitating the development of a vector that can safeguard the genetic material from early destruction within the bloodstream while effectively delivering therapeutic genes across the bloodbrain barrier.Nanotechnology has emerged as a possible solution,and several delivery systems utilizing nanoparticles have been shown to bypass key challenges regarding small interfering ribonucleic acid delivery.By reducing the enzymatic breakdown of genetic components,nanomaterials as gene carriers have considerably enhanced the efficiency of gene therapy.Liposomes,polymeric nanoparticles,magnetic nanoparticles,dendrimers,and micelles are examples of nanocarriers that have been designed,and each has its own set of features.Furthermore,recent advances in the specific delivery of neurotrophic compounds via gene therapy have provided promising results in relation to augmenting cognitive abilities.In this paper,we highlight the use of different nanocarriers in targeted gene delivery and small interfering ribonucleic acid-mediated gene silencing as a potential platform for treating Alzheimer’s disease.

Experimental and theoretical investigation of high-entropy-alloy/support as a catalyst for reduction reactions

Control of chemical composition and incorporation of multiple metallic elements into a single metal nanoparticle(NP)in an alloyed or a phase-segregated state hold potential scientific merit;however,developing libraries of such structures using effective strategies is challenging owing to the thermodynamic immiscibility of repelling constituent metallic elements.Herein,we present a one-pot interfacial plasma-discharge-driven(IP-D)synthesis strategy for fabricating stable high-entropy-alloy(HEA)NPs exhibiting ultrasmall size on a porous support surface.Accordingly,an electric field was applied for 120 s to enhance the incorporation of multiple metallic elements(i.e.,CuAgFe,CuAgNi,and CuAgNiFe)into ally HEA-NPs.Further,NPs were attached to a porous magnesium oxide surface via rapid cooling.With solar light as the sole energy input,the CuAgNiFe catalyst was investigated as a reusable and sustainable material exhibiting excellent catalytic performance(100%conversion and 99% selectivity within1 min for a hydrogenation reaction)and consistent activity even after 20 cycles for a reduction reaction,considerably outperforming the majority of the conventional photocatalysts.Thus,the proposed strategy establishes a novel method for designing and synthesizing highly efficient and stable catalysts for the convertion of nitroarenes to anilines via chemical reduction.

Biochemical association between the prevalence of genetic polymorphism and myocardial infarction

Genetic polymorphism has a vital role in the pathogenesis and development of myocardial infarction(MI).Single nucleotide polymorphism at any one of the amino acid sequences can result in a diseased state.A single gene can exhibit genetic polymorphism at more than one position giving rise to different variants.Genetic polymorphism of angiotensinogen(AGT)M235T,AGT T174M,and angiotensin-1-converting enzyme(ACE)I/D,endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS),and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR)can be a risk factor for MI.However,it is important to study the prevalence of genetic polymorphisms of these genes among different populations.MI is influenced by genetic polymorphism of various genes,including AGT,ACE,eNOS,MTHFR,etc.However,the association of genetic polymorphism of these genes varies among different populations,but different ethnic groups could show contradictory results.These genes have shown a positive association with risks of MI in some populations,whereas the results have not been consistent with every ethnic group.In this article,we have summarized the genetic variations in the aforementioned genes and their association with MI.

Correction to“Role of prebiotics,probiotics,and synbiotics in management of inflammatory bowel disease:Current perspectives”

Correction to“Roy S,Dhaneshwar S.Role of prebiotics,probiotics,and synbiotics in management of inflammatory bowel disease:Current perspectives.World J Gastroenterol 2023;29:2078-2100[PMID:37122604 DOI:10.3748/wjg.v29.i14.20-78]”.In this article,a correction note is to be added.

In vitro antioxidant and wound healing activity of Sargassum polycystum hydroethanolic extract in fibroblasts and keratinocytes

Objective:To investigate the in vitro antioxidant and wound healing properties of the hydroethanolic extract of Sargassum polycystum,and elucidate the mechanism of its wound healing activity.Methods:Human dermal fibroblast and HaCaT cells were used to evaluate the proliferation by sulforhodamine B and dsDNA assay after treatment with Sargassum polycystum extracts.Scratch wound healing and phalloidin-rhodamine staining were employed to observe migratory activity and filopodia formation,respectively.Western blot and real-time RT-PCR assays were performed to determine the protein and gene expressions related to wound healing activities.Results:The phytochemical analysis found a higher level of flavonoid than phenolic compound in Sargassum polycystum extracts.In human dermal fibroblast cells,Sargassum polycystum extracts at 50 and 100μg/mL significantly increased fibroblast proliferation and the gene expressions of hyaluronic acid synthase 1(HAS1),HAS2,HAS3,collagen type 1 alpha 1 chain(COL1A1),collagen type 3 alpha 1 chain(COL3A1),and elastin.The phosphorylation of Akt,ERK1/2,and p38 MAPK was also significantly upregulated after treatment with Sargassum polycystum extracts.Additionally,50 and 100μg/mL of the extracts prominently enhanced the proliferation,migration,and filopodia formation of HaCaT cells,as well as the protein levels of pFAK/FAK,pSrc/Src,pAkt/Akt,pERK1/2/ERK1/2,Rac1 and Cdc42.Conclusions:Sargassum polycystum extracts show promising wound healing activities in human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes.

In vivo solid phase microextraction for therapeutic monitoring and pharmacometabolomic fingerprinting of lung during in vivo lung perfusion of FOLFOX

In vivo lung perfusion(IVLP)is a novel isolated lung technique developed to enable the local,in situ administration of high-dose chemotherapy to treat metastatic lung cancer.Combination therapy using folinic acid(FOL),5-fluorouracil(F),and oxaliplatin(OX)(FOLFOX)is routinely employed to treat several types of solid tumours in various tissues.However,F is characterized by large interpatient variability with respect to plasma concentration,which necessitates close monitoring during treatments using of this compound.Since plasma drug concentrations often do not reflect tissue drug concentrations,it is essential to utilize sample-preparation methods specifically suited to monitoring drug levels in target organs.In this work,in vivo solid-phase microextraction(in vivo SPME)is proposed as an effective tool for quantitative therapeutic drug monitoring of FOLFOX in porcine lungs during pre-clinical IVLP and intravenous(IV)trials.The concomitant extraction of other endogenous and exogenous small molecules from the lung and their detection via liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry(LC-HRMS)enabled an assessment of FOLFOX's impact on the metabolomic profile of the lung and revealed the metabolic pathways associated with the route of administration(IVLP vs.IV)and the therapy itself.This study also shows that the immediate instrumental analysis of metabolomic samples is ideal,as long-term storage at80℃ results in changes in the metabolite content in the sample extracts.

Salacca zalacca:A short review of the palm botany, pharmacological uses and phytochemistry

Salacca zalacca(Gaertn.) Voss(family Arecaceae) is the snake fruit commonly known in Malay language as salak in Malaysia. This exotic fruit has diverse and potential pharmacological properties due to its high antioxidant content. It is often consumed due to its sweet taste. The abundant natural sugar and fibre along with minerals and vitamin makes it a nutritious fruit. Phytochemical investigation on this fruit has revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenolics, glycosides as well as some volatile and aromatic compounds, including gallic acid, quercetin, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, proanthocyanidins, lycopene and β-carotene. Pharmacological studies on the fruit flesh and peel have shown some tremendous antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antidiabetic potential. This review provides the botanical information of Salacca zalacca as well as its scientific investigations involving the distinct pharmacological and phytochemical benefits. This could help in highlighting the lacking data and research gaps on this plant.