Test Series Results of Varying Yaw and Roll Angles of Trimaran Amas

This paper illustrates the reasons behind the research strategy that has led to a new generation of trimaran hulls by minimizing the hull＇s drag-design approach. The objective of this study was to search for the optimal side-hull yaw and roll angle to minimize induced drag of trimarans a^d so to investigate the differences in the performance results of a trimaran hull. Specifically, this research has been based on a critical analysis of the diversity of ama yaw and roll angles and outriggers positioning. Then, the paper will be comparing the results of the test series of the yaw and roll angles of trimaran areas. Design and towing tank test of a scaled trimaran model will be illustrated and compared along with some key and relevant results. The term ＂ama＂ is a word in the Polynesian and Micronesian languages to describe the outrigger part of a canoe to provide stability.

Breeding Site Characteristics of Mosquito in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Urban areas deal with the emergence or resurgence of transmissible and non-transmissible diseases, linked in particular to urban lifestyle and sanitation issues. Human practices create or maintain conditions that favour mosquitoes’ breeding. This study investigates mosquito breeding sites characteristics in Ouagadougou, from September to November 2020. Mosquito larvae were sampled across three districts in the city, chosen based on socio-demographic and urbanization levels. The larval collection from natural breeding sites using the ladle technique and larvae transferred to can. For artificial sites, the larvae were transferred directly into can Larvae were collected from 83 breeding sites, predominantly artificial: 39% in plastic containers, 23% in clay containers, and 13% in metal, while natural sites like puddles accounted for only 25%. A total of 8352 mosquitoes were identified as six species: Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles gambiae s.l., Anopheles funestus, and Mansonia africana. Ae. aegypti was the most prevalent, found across all breeding site types, whereas Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles gambiae were mainly in natural sites. Physico-chemical analysis of the breeding sites revealed that conductivity and turbidity were consistent across breeding sites. The highest median pH values were observed in ceramic and metal containers. Water temperature showed minimal variation. The presence of Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus correlated with higher water temperature, turbidity, and conductivity. Anopheles funestus preferred high pH environments. Conversely, Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Mansonia africana were less influenced by these parameters. The findings underscore the need for community involvement in water and waste management to control mosquito populations, especially targeting the Aedes aegypti species. Raising awareness among locals about proper water storage and disposal practices is crucial for effective vector control.

Development of Linearizing Feedback Control with a Variable Structure Observer for Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors

This paper deals with the design of an observer-based nonlinear control for continuous stirred tank reactors(CSTR).A variable structure observer is constructed to estimate the whole process state variables.This observer is basically the conventional Luenberger observer with an additional switching term used to guarantee the robustness against modeling errors.The observer is coupled with a nonlinear controller,designed based on input-output linearization for controlling the reactor temperature.The asymptotical stability of the closed-loop system is shown by the Lyapunov stability theorem.Finally,computer simulations are developed for showing the performance of the proposed approach.

Determination of Element Levels of Lagoon from Townships near Cocody City Abidjan Côte D’Ivoire Using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence

Eight water bottles from Ebrie lagoon with pollution potency were studied using nuclear chemistry technique and Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. This pollution is characterized by pH and conductivity parameters, concentrations average in mg/L of metals such Fe (0.731), Mn (0.345), Cr (0.070), Cu (0.014) and concentrations of nutrients known to be pollutants and toxic for living or-ganisms. These heavy metals are dangerous to the lives, the local inhabitants and also a threat to aquatic life since this water is essential for the economical town, Abidjan. According to the Manganese concentration average (0.345 mg) values that higher than WHO (0.05 mg) value, the main likely source of pollu-tants is anthropogenic, industrial and agricultural. This study also shows the use of materials and lubricants near the lagoon that pollute this water.

Novel Deletion in Exon 7 of Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2(BADH2)

The fragrance of rice is one of the premium characteristics that breeders want to include in rice varieties due to the higher market value. Nucleotide deletions in exons 2(7 bp) and 7(8 bp) of Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2(BADH2) are associated with fragrance in rice. In this study, a new 13 bp deletion in exon 7 of the BADH2 gene was discovered in the Nang Thom Cho Dao(NTCD) variety, and the mutation has been closely related to the genetic background of indica subspecies through the Bayesian phylogenetic approach and haplotype network analysis of the 3 000 Rice Genomes Project. In addition, a set of functional markers(EX07-13F, EX07-13RN, and EX07-13RM) identified the 13 bp deletion only within NTCD(no amplified band) compared with both non-aromatic and other aromatic rice varieties(110 bp band). The deletion of 13 bases instead of 8 bases in exon 7 of BADH2 caused a premature stop codon, which down-regulated the expression of the BADH2 transcript while associated with up-regulation of OsP5CS and the high amount of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline. It is potential to use the deletion in exon 7 of the BADH2 gene as a novel marker for adulteration and breeding of fragrant rice varieties, particularly for NTCD.

Contribution to the Bio-ecological Study of Date Palm Entomofauna in the Region of Saoura （South Algeria）

Saoura region is situated in the south west of dactylifera）, where the authors note several oases such as： Algeria characterized by a height density of date palm trees （Phoenix Taghit, lgli, Beni Abbes... Despite this high density, the production of dates is still insufficient even for the local consumption, this is due to： Increasing salinity of water and soil in the old palm groves, the spread of many fungal diseases, where the most serious is the Bayoud （Fusaruim oxysporum）, and finally insect pests, three of them remain the most serious： white scale locally named Semm （Parlatoria blanehardi）, Boufaroua （Oligonyehus afrasiaticus）, and Doud called dates worm （Ectomyelois ceratoniae）. By using different trapping techniques, an entomofauna inventory was realized in the region of Saoura, where 3238 individuals are collected, distributed in 13 orders, 72 families and more than 132 species. The inventory will allow us to classify insects according to their economic importance, determine their life cycle and know their adaptation to date palm. The dynamics of these populations will be studied through the spatial-temporal repartitions. In parallel this study aims to identify the natural enemies （auxiliaries and parasitoids） of date palm pests in order to improve the biological control and this in hopes to ameliorate the production.

Validation of the Suitability of Stripped Lipid as a Skin Model in Plasma Medical Investigations

In this work, the suitability of lipid stripping as an alternative model of stratum corneum for plasma medical studies was investigated. Plasma treatment experiments were performed on samples prepared by the cyanoacrylat stripping method. Therefore, two different dielectric barrier discharge-based plasma sources driven by high-voltage pulses in the microsecond and nanosecond range were applied. The lipid sample heating, change in pH-value, and the interaction with plasma-induced UV-radiation are presented and discussed with respect to existing findings on skin samples. After the plasma treatment, the lipid stripping shows similar changes compared to human skin relating to sample heating and pH-value. The investigation of the interplay with UV- radiation shows a high absorption in the wavelength range of 250 nm up to 400 nm. Further, the thickness, surface structure, and composition of lipid stripping samples were determined. The stripped sample shows a thickness of 3 ± 1 μm whereby approximately 30% of the sample surface is covered by lipids. In addition, it was shown that there are no changes in structure caused by the sample preparation. Based on the results of this work, it can be stated that lipid stripping represents an appropriate skin model for plasma medical investigations.

Blockchain Driven Metaheuristic Route Planning in Secure Vehicular Adhoc Networks

Nowadays,vehicular ad hoc networks(VANET)turn out to be a core portion of intelligent transportation systems(ITSs),that mainly focus on achieving continual Internet connectivity amongst vehicles on the road.The VANET was utilized to enhance driving safety and build an ITS in modern cities.Driving safety is a main portion of VANET,the privacy and security of these messages should be protected.In this aspect,this article presents a blockchain with sunflower optimization enabled route planning scheme(BCSFO-RPS)for secure VANET.The presented BCSFO-RPSmodel focuses on the identification of routes in such a way that vehicular communication is secure.In addition,the BCSFO-RPS model employs SFO algorithm with a fitness function for effectual identification of routes.Besides,the proposed BCSFO-RPS model derives an intrusion detection system(IDS)encompassing two processes namely feature selection and classification.To detect intrusions,correlation based feature selection(CFS)and kernel extreme machine learning(KELM)classifier is applied.The performance of the BCSFO-RPS model is tested using a series of experiments and the results reported the enhancements of the BCSFO-RPS model over other approaches with maximum accuracy of 98.70%.

Plasma Induced Changes in Human Lipid Composition as Revealed through XPS-Analysis

In this study two plasma sources were used for an in vivo treatment of human stratum corneum. The sample preparation was realised with the Cyanoacrylat stripping method, whereby a few layers of corneocytes embedded in the lipid matrix were removed from the skin of healthy volunteers. For the plasma treatment, dielectric barrier discharges with pulse durations in the microsecond as well as in the nanosecond range were applied. A comparison of these sources with respect to their biologically active components including dissipated power, gas and electron temperature, irradiance in the ultraviolet range, ozone and nitric oxide concentration is presented. Furthermore, species generated during plasma treatment on the sample surface like hydrogen peroxide, nitride or nitrate were measured using reflectometry. In addition, safety aspects for both sources were evaluated. Resulting plasma induced changes in the sample composition were investigated through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The main ingredients carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen in addition to minor concentrations of sulphur were considered. A significant influence of the pulse duration on plasma characteristics was shown. A more effective formation of reactive species as well as more intense UV emission for ns-plasma was observed. Based on the determined parameters, both plasma sources are suitable for therapeutic purpose. Furthermore, significant plasma induced changes in the stratum corneum composition were reported, including an increase in nitrogen and oxygen content.