Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease Progression Using Integrated Deep Learning Approaches

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is an intensifying disorder that causes brain cells to degenerate early and destruct.Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)is one of the early signs of AD that interferes with people’s regular functioning and daily activities.The proposed work includes a deep learning approach with a multimodal recurrent neural network(RNN)to predict whether MCI leads to Alzheimer’s or not.The gated recurrent unit(GRU)RNN classifier is trained using individual and correlated features.Feature vectors are concate-nated based on their correlation strength to improve prediction results.The feature vectors generated are given as the input to multiple different classifiers,whose decision function is used to predict the final output,which determines whether MCI progresses onto AD or not.Our findings demonstrated that,compared to individual modalities,which provided an average accuracy of 75%,our prediction model for MCI conversion to AD yielded an improve-ment in accuracy up to 96%when used with multiple concatenated modalities.Comparing the accuracy of different decision functions,such as Support Vec-tor Machine(SVM),Decision tree,Random Forest,and Ensemble techniques,it was found that that the Ensemble approach provided the highest accuracy(96%)and Decision tree provided the lowest accuracy(86%).

A systematical review of traditional Ayurvedic and morden medical perspectives on Ghrita (clarified butter): a boon or bane

Background:For long dietary guidelines,it is recommended to avoid foods rich in saturated fatlike Ghrita,also named clarified butter or ghee,which is considered as the culprit of cardiovascular diseases,diabetes,stroke,etc.Contradictory to the modern medical science,Ayurveda advocated for numerous benefits of the usage of Ghrita in the judicious manner.This paper systematically reviews and analyses the scientific researches that carried out on the benefits and harms associated with the usage of Ghrita.Methods and Findings:A search over the various search engines like Pubmed,Google was made.The relevant articles and chapters from books retrieved in English language were saved to a folder and analysed for their utility relevant to the topic and the matter was presented in a systematic manner.Results:Ghrita consisted various fats(saturated,monosaturated and polyunsaturated),fatty acids,minerals,vitamins etc.And the composition of Ghrita varies along with the method of preparation.Scientific researches carried out on Ghrita plain as well as medicated have reported about the depressant effects of medicated Ghrita in gross behavioural tests,potentiated phentobarbitone sleeping time,analgesic effect and stimulatory effect on cognition.Further,studies conducted to evaluate the effect of Ghrita on the serum lipid levels showed a dose dependant decrease in the total cholesterol,low density lipoproteins,and very low density lipoproteins.Ghrita was also reported to have wound healing activity.Conclusion:The results of the study suggest the beneficial effects of plain as well as medicated Ghrita on the various components of health and break the myth associated to the exclusion of Ghrita in diet.These researches also substantiate the claims made by the classical texts of Ayurveda.

Yq AZF microdeletions in male infertility:An update on the phenotypic spectrum,epidemiology and diagnostics

According to the latest data,globally 15%of couples have infertility and male infertility contributes to 10%of all cases.Infertility can be caused by certain biological changes in the gonads and the reproductive system like azoospermia,oligospermia,asthenospermia,teratozoospermia and hypospermatogenesis.Genetic causes of azoospermia include chromosomal abnormalities,Y chromosome microdeletions and deletion or other mutations of Y-linked genes.The maximum number of the genes are located in the azoospermia factor region of the long arm(Yq)of the Y chromosome.Y chromosome microdeletion is known as the second major genetic cause of spermatogenetic failure.This article aims to review the latest updates on the involvement of Yq microdeletions in male infertility.The diagnostics,prevalence and phenotypic spectrum related to Yq gene microdeletions are discussed.

Ayurveda daily regimen practices (Dinacharya): a scientific system model approach suitable as a quaternary prevention strategy for non-communicable diseases

Background:Non-communicable or lifestyle diseases replaced infectious diseases at the end of the 20th century as the primary burden of disease worldwide,marking the epidemiological transition.The industrial revolution and technological advancements,as well as packaged processed foods,have greatly affected lifestyle,causing adverse health effects through chronic,low-level,and systemic inflammation known as“metaflammation”.The main contributors to lifestyle-related diseases are poor eating habits,physical inactivity,poor posture,and a disturbed biological clock.The study on lifestyle changes indicates that comprehensive lifestyle changes can prevent disease and reverse the progression of diseases like diabetes,heart disease,stroke,prostatic cancer and breast cancer.The concept of disease prevention is getting wider acceptability owing credit to early disease detection,better treatment modalities and reduced financial implications.However,the possible harms of over-testing and over-medicalization have led to the propagation of Quaternary prevention strategies.Ayurveda,too propagates the principle of health preservation,promotion,and disease prevention,along with early diagnosis and holistic disease management strategies,incorporating dietary and lifestyle components such as Dinacharya(daily regimen practices),Ritucharya(seasonal regimen practice).This paper critically explores the scientific relevance behind these ascribed daily regimen practices(Dinacharya)and their suitability as a quaternary prevention strategy and presents it for dialogue and research to the scientific community.Method:The classical texts of Ayurveda and the internet search engines were explored with keywords of relevant terms such as“research”“benefit”and“role in health”combined with the Ayurveda daily regimen terms and their English equivalents as provided in brackets and their different combinations and permutations,along with net surfing and hand search.The relevant articles were stored and screened for relevance and the matter is presented systematically for scientific deliberation principal findings–Ayurveda recognized the temporal effects of chronobiological cycles on human health and accordingly devised the daily regimen schedule,delineating the principles for healthy living and harmonization.The daily regimen practices of Ayurveda like timely sleeping,waking up early in the morning,proper defecation,massage,exercise,occupation,social bonding,appropriate dietary practices,etc.adopt a system biology approach with synchronization of chronobiological cycles,mind-body integration,system performance,and epigenetics,apart from other possible approaches and have considerable scientific evidence for the effectiveness as a quaternary prevention strategy.Conclusion:The adoption of these practices in the daily routine may play a crucial role in health preservation and disease prevention at all levels of preventive domains.However,prospective large scale,long-duration randomized controlled trials are yet needed to scientifically further establish the validity of the same.