Mitigating Carbon Emissions:A Comprehensive Analysis of Transitioning to Hydrogen-Powered Plants in Japan’s Energy Landscape Post-Fukushima

One of the impacts of the Fukushima disaster was the shutdown of all nuclear power plants in Japan,reaching zero production in 2015.In response,the country started importing more fossil energy including coal,oil,and natural gas to fill the energy gap.However,this led to a significant increase in carbon emissions,hindering the efforts to reduce its carbon footprint.In the current situation,Japan is actively working to balance its energy requirements with environmental considerations,including the utilization of hydrogen fuel.Therefore,this paper aims to explore the feasibility and implications of using hydrogen power plants as a means to reduce emissions,and this analysis will be conducted using the energy modeling of the MARKAL-TIMES Japan framework.The hydrogen scenario(HS)is assumed with the extensive integration of hydrogen into the power generation sector,supported by a hydrogen import scheme.Additionally,this scenario will be compared with the Business as Usual(BAU)scenario.The results showed that the generation capacities of the BAU and HS scenarios have significantly different primary energy supplies.The BAU scenario is highly dependent on fossil fuels,while the HS scenario integrates hydrogen contribution along with an increase in renewable energy,reaching a peak contribution of 2,160 PJ in 2050.In the HS scenario,the target of reducing CO_(2) emissions by 80%is achieved through significant hydrogen penetration.By 2050,the total CO_(2) emissions are estimated to be 939 million tons for the BAU scenario and 261 million tons for the Hydrogen scenario.In addition,the contribution of hydrogen to electricity generation is expected to be 153 TWh,smaller than PV and wind power.

The Use of Single-Phase Immersion Cooling by Using Two Types of Dielectric Fluid for Data Center Energy Savings

Data centers are recognized as one of the most important aspects of the fourth industrial revolution since conventional data centers are inefficient and have dependency on high energy consumption,in which the cooling is responsible for 40%of the usage.Therefore,this research proposes the immersion cooling method to solving the high energy consumption of data centers by cooling its component using two types of dielectric fluids.Four stages of experimentalmethods are used,such as fluid types,cooling effectiveness,optimization,and durability.Furthermore,benchmark software is used to measure the CPU maximum work with the temperature data performed for 24 h.The results of this study show that the immersion cooling reduces 13℃ lower temperature than the conventional cooling method which means it saves more energy consumption in the data center.The most optimum variable used to decrease the temperature is 1.5 lpm of flow rate and 800 rpm of fan rotation.Furthermore,the cooling performance of the dielectric fluids shows that the mineral oil(MO)is better than the virgin coconut oil(VCO).In durability experiment,there are no components damage after five months immersed in the fluid.

Experimental Investigation of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for Low Temperature Geothermal Fluid: Effect of Pump Rotation and R-134 Working Fluid in Scroll-Expander

Organic Rankine Cycle(ORC)is one of the solutions to utilize a low temperature geothermal fluid for power generation.The ORC system can be placed at the exit of the separator to extract energy from brine.Furthermore,one of the main components of the system and very important is the pump.Therefore,in this research,the pump rotation is examined to investigate the effect on power output and energy efficiency for low temperature geothermal fluid.The rotation is determined by using an inverter with the following frequencies:7.5,10,12.5,15 and 17.5 Hz,respectively.R-134 working fluid is employed with 373.15 K evaporator temperature in relation to the low temperature of the geothermal fluid.Furthermore,the condenser temperature and fluid pressure were set up to 293.15 K and 5×10^(5) Pa,respectively.This research uses a DC generator with a maximum power of 750 Watt and the piping system is made from copper alloy C12200 ASTM B280 with size 1.905×10^(−2) m and a thickness of 8×10^(−4) m.The results showed that there is an increase in mass flow rate,enthalpy and generator power output along with increasing pump rotation.In addition,it showed that the maximum generator output power was 377.31 Watt at the highest pump rotation with a frequency of 17.5 Hz.