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Species-specific,pan-European diameter increment models based on data of 2.3 million trees
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作者 Mart-Jan Schelhaas Geerten M Hengeveld +11 位作者 Nanny Heidema Esther Thurig Brigitte Rohner Giorgio Vacchiano Jordi Vayreda John Redmond Jaroslaw Socha Jonas Fridman Stein Tomter Heino Polley Susana Barreiro Gert-Jan Nabuurs 《Forest Ecosystems》 SCIE CSCD 2018年第3期277-295,共19页
Background: Over the last decades, many forest simulators have been developed for the forests of individual European countries. The underlying growth models are usually based on national datasets of varying size, obta... Background: Over the last decades, many forest simulators have been developed for the forests of individual European countries. The underlying growth models are usually based on national datasets of varying size, obtained from National Forest Inventories or from long-term research plots. Many of these models include country-and location-specific predictors, such as site quality indices that may aggregate climate, soil properties and topography effects. Consequently, it is not sensible to compare such models among countries, and it is often impossible to apply models outside the region or country they were developed for. However, there is a clear need for more generically applicable but still locally accurate and climate sensitive simulators at the European scale, which requires the development of models that are applicable across the European continent. The purpose of this study is to develop tree diameter increment models that are applicable at the European scale, but still locally accurate. We compiled and used a dataset of diameter increment observations of over 2.3 million trees from 10 National Forest Inventories in Europe and a set of 99 potential explanatory variables covering forest structure, weather, climate, soil and nutrient deposition.Results: Diameter increment models are presented for 20 species/species groups. Selection of explanatory variables was done using a combination of forward and backward selection methods. The explained variance ranged from10% to 53% depending on the species. Variables related to forest structure(basal area of the stand and relative size of the tree) contributed most to the explained variance, but environmental variables were important to account for spatial patterns. The type of environmental variables included differed greatly among species.Conclusions: The presented diameter increment models are the first of their kind that are applicable at the European scale. This is an important step towards the development of a new generation of forest development simulators that can be applied at the European scale, but that are sensitive to variations in growing conditions and applicable to a wider range of management systems than before. This allows European scale but detailed analyses concerning topics like CO2 sequestration, wood mobilisation, long term impact of management, etc. 展开更多
关键词 European forests Diameter increment model Climate change Growth modelling National forest inventory
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Towards trustworthy multi-modal motion prediction:Holistic evaluation and interpretability of outputs
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作者 Sandra Carrasco Limeros Sylwia Majchrowska +3 位作者 Joakim Johnander Christoffer Petersson MiguelÁngel Sotelo David Fernández Llorca 《CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology》 SCIE EI 2024年第3期557-572,共16页
Predicting the motion of other road agents enables autonomous vehicles to perform safe and efficient path planning.This task is very complex,as the behaviour of road agents depends on many factors and the number of po... Predicting the motion of other road agents enables autonomous vehicles to perform safe and efficient path planning.This task is very complex,as the behaviour of road agents depends on many factors and the number of possible future trajectories can be consid-erable(multi-modal).Most prior approaches proposed to address multi-modal motion prediction are based on complex machine learning systems that have limited interpret-ability.Moreover,the metrics used in current benchmarks do not evaluate all aspects of the problem,such as the diversity and admissibility of the output.The authors aim to advance towards the design of trustworthy motion prediction systems,based on some of the re-quirements for the design of Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence.The focus is on evaluation criteria,robustness,and interpretability of outputs.First,the evaluation metrics are comprehensively analysed,the main gaps of current benchmarks are identified,and a new holistic evaluation framework is proposed.Then,a method for the assessment of spatial and temporal robustness is introduced by simulating noise in the perception system.To enhance the interpretability of the outputs and generate more balanced results in the proposed evaluation framework,an intent prediction layer that can be attached to multi-modal motion prediction models is proposed.The effectiveness of this approach is assessed through a survey that explores different elements in the visualisation of the multi-modal trajectories and intentions.The proposed approach and findings make a significant contribution to the development of trustworthy motion prediction systems for autono-mous vehicles,advancing the field towards greater safety and reliability. 展开更多
关键词 autonomous vehicles EVALUATION INTERPRETABILITY multi-modal motion prediction ROBUSTNESS trustworthy AI
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基于遥感与区域化方法的无资料流域水文模型参数优化方法 被引量:9
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作者 姜璐璐 吴欢 +3 位作者 Lorenzo Alfieri 李潇濛 John SKimball 陈秀万 《北京大学学报(自然科学版)》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2020年第6期1152-1164,共13页
针对无资料流域径流预报的难点,探讨水文模型参数优化的共性问题,综述区域化方法和遥感方法的研究现状。首先从水文模型参数优化面临的共性问题,即水文地理数据生成、目标函数构建和优化方法选择等问题出发,分析其对参数优选结果的影响... 针对无资料流域径流预报的难点,探讨水文模型参数优化的共性问题,综述区域化方法和遥感方法的研究现状。首先从水文模型参数优化面临的共性问题,即水文地理数据生成、目标函数构建和优化方法选择等问题出发,分析其对参数优选结果的影响,并归纳出当前广泛认可的解决方案。然后结合区域化方法的技术原理和研究进展,着重论述测站密度对区域化方法性能的影响,并分析该方法在中国的适用性。接着从研究区域、水文模型结构、遥感资料以及率定目标等方面归纳总结遥感方法优化水文模型参数的最新研究进展。最后对区域化方法和遥感方法的优缺点及未来发展前景进行对比分析,为中国无资料或缺资料流域径流预报实践提供参考。 展开更多
关键词 水文模型 径流预报 无资料流域 区域化方法
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Emerging and Innovative Materials for Hydropower Engineering Applications:Turbines,Bearings,Sealing,Dams and Waterways,and Ocean Power 被引量:6
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作者 Emanuele Quaranta Peter Davies 《Engineering》 SCIE EI 2022年第1期148-158,共11页
The hydropower sector is currently experiencing several technological developments.New technologies and practices are emerging to make hydropower more flexible and more sustainable.Novel materials have also been recen... The hydropower sector is currently experiencing several technological developments.New technologies and practices are emerging to make hydropower more flexible and more sustainable.Novel materials have also been recently developed to increase performance,durability,and reliability;however,no systematic discussions can be found in the literature.Therefore,in this paper,novel materials for hydropower applications are presented,and their performance,advantages,and limitations are discussed.For example,composites can reduce the weight of steel equipment by 50%to 80%,polymers and superhydrophobic materials can reduce head losses by 4%to 20%,and novel bearing materials can reduce bearing wear by 6%.These improvements determine higher efficiencies,longer life span,waste reduction,and maintenance needs,although the initial cost of some materials is not yet competitive with respect to the costs of traditional materials.The novel materials are described here based on the following categories:novel materials for turbines,dams and waterways,bearings,seals,and ocean hydropower. 展开更多
关键词 Bearing Composite DAM HYDROPOWER Material Ocean SEAL Turbine
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Determination of REE,U,Тh,Ba,and Zr in simulated hydrogeological leachates by ICP-AES after matrix solvent extraction 被引量:8
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作者 Marin Ayranov Joaquin Cobos +1 位作者 Karin Popa Vincenzo V.Rondinella 《Journal of Rare Earths》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2009年第1期123-127,共5页
A fast, reliable and precise method for the determination of Ba, Zr, Th, U, La, Ce, Eu, Hf and Gd in leaching solutions containing up to 1 mol/L FeCl3 by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AE... A fast, reliable and precise method for the determination of Ba, Zr, Th, U, La, Ce, Eu, Hf and Gd in leaching solutions containing up to 1 mol/L FeCl3 by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES) was described.Liquid-liquid extraction with diethyl ether was applied for selective and quantitative extraction of the iron with a decontamination factor of 65000.The study has enabled the determination of rare earth elements, U, Th Ba, and Zr, from the solution with high iron content with detection limits in the range of 1-24 ng/ml and a precision of 0.9%-4.6 % relative standard deviation.The developed method was simple and was adopted for implementation in a glove box for handling radioactive materials. 展开更多
关键词 rare earths elements ICP-AES IRON
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Bcl-2 down modulation in WEHI-3B/CTRES cells resistant to Cholera Toxin(CT)-induced apoptosis 被引量:4
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作者 Augusto Pessina Cristina Croera +7 位作者 Nicoletta Savalli Arianna Bonomi Loredana Cavicchini Elisa Turlizzi Fabiana Guizzardi Lucia Guido Laura Daprai Maria GraziaNeri 《Cell Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2006年第3期306-312,共7页
The very different effects of Cholera Toxin (CT) on cell growth and proliferation may depend on the type of ganglioside receptors in cell membranes and different signal transduction mechanisms triggered, but other f... The very different effects of Cholera Toxin (CT) on cell growth and proliferation may depend on the type of ganglioside receptors in cell membranes and different signal transduction mechanisms triggered, but other functions related to the drug resistance mechanisms can not be excluded. The effect of CT treatment on the "in vitro" clonogenicity, the Population Doubling Time (PDT), apoptosis, PKA activation and Bax and Bcl-2 expression was evaluated in WEHI-3B cell line and its CT-resistant subclone (WEHI-3B/CTRES). In WEHI-3B parental cells the dramatic accumulation of cAMP induced by CT correlated well with PKA activation, increased PDT value, inhibition of clonogenicity and apoptosis. H-89 treatment inhibited PKA activation by CT but did not protect the cells from apoptosis and growth inhibition. In WEHI-3B/CTRES no significant CT-dependent accumulation of cAMP occurred with any increase of PKA activity and PDT. In CT resistant cells (WEHI-3B/CTRES), Bcl-2 expression was down regulated by both CT or drug treatment (eg, ciprofloxacin, CPX) although these cells were protected from CT-dependent apoptosis but not from drug-induced apoptosis. Differently from other cell models described, down regulation of Bcl-2 is proved to be independent on cAMP accumulation and PKA activation. Our observations support the implication of cAMP dependent kinase (PKA) in the inhibition of WEHI-3B cells growth and suggest that, in WEHI-3B/CTRES, Bcl-2 expression could be modulated by CT in the absence of cAMP accumulation. Also in consideration of many contradictory data reported in literature, our cell models (of one sensitive parental cell strain and two clones with different uncrossed specific resistance to CT and CPX) provides a new and interesting tool for better investigating the relationship between the CT signal transduction mechanisms and Bcl-2 expression and function. 展开更多
关键词 cholera toxin BCL-2 PKA apoptosis CIPROFLOXACIN resistance
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Google Earth Engine Based Three Decadal Landsat Imagery Analysis for Mapping of Mangrove Forests and Its Surroundings in the Trat Province of Thailand 被引量:1
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作者 Uday Pimple Dario Simonetti +6 位作者 Asamaporn Sitthi Sukan Pungkul Kumron Leadprathom Henry Skupek Jaturong Som-ard Valery Gond Sirintornthep Towprayoon 《Journal of Computer and Communications》 2018年第1期247-264,共18页
Monitoring and understanding the changes in mangrove ecosystems and their surroundings are required to determine how mangrove ecosystems are constantly changing while influenced by anthropogenic, and natural drivers. ... Monitoring and understanding the changes in mangrove ecosystems and their surroundings are required to determine how mangrove ecosystems are constantly changing while influenced by anthropogenic, and natural drivers. Cosistency in high spatial resolution (30 m) satellite and high performance computing facilities are limiting factors to the process, with storage and analysis requirements. With this, we present the Google Earth Engine (GEE) based approach for long term mapping of mangrove forests and their surroundings. In this study, we used a GEE based approach: 1) to create atmospheric contamination free data from 1987-2017 from different Landsat satellite imagery;and 2) evaluating the random forest classifier and post classification change detection method. The obtained overall accuracy for the years 1987 and 2017 was determined to be 0.87 and 0.96, followed by a Kappa coefficient 0.80 and 0.94. The change detection results revealed a significant decrease in the agricultural area, while there was an increase in mangrove forest, shrimp/fish farm, and bareland area. The results suggest that interconversion of land use and land cover is affecting the landscape dynamics within the study area. 展开更多
关键词 Google Earth ENGINE Landsat Random FOREST MANGROVE FOREST LAND Use LAND Cover Change
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Mapping of groundwater potential zones in the drought-prone areas of south Madagascar using geospatial techniques
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作者 Charles Serele Ana Perez-Hoyos Francois Kayitakire 《Geoscience Frontiers》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2020年第4期1403-1413,共11页
The southern regions of Madagascar have the country’s lowest water supply coverage and are highly vulnerable to drought.Access to potable drinking water is a major challenge for the local population.Chronic droughts ... The southern regions of Madagascar have the country’s lowest water supply coverage and are highly vulnerable to drought.Access to potable drinking water is a major challenge for the local population.Chronic droughts lead to annual emergency appeals to save the lives of acute malnourished children.UNICEF’s response consisting in providing potable drinking water through the drilling of boreholes has been challenged by the complex hydrogeology,the low yield of boreholes and high-level salinity of water,the lack of reliable groundwater data and the weak capacity of the drilling sector.These constraints result in a high rate of drilling failure.To improve drilling success and provide more potable drinking water to local communities,it is vital to undertake reliable groundwater investigation.UNICEF Madagascar and the European Union delegation in Madagascar collaborated on the use of satellite imagery to improve sector knowledge and access to safe and clean water for local communities in southern Madagascar.The methodology relies on produce thematic layers of groundwater potential areas.Later,these thematic layers were overlaid with ground-based hydrogeological data to map the groundwater potential zones(GWP) and identify the most suitable sites for borehole siting and drilling.Findings of this study are very encouraging,and the integrated approach used has proven its applicability in mapping groundwater potential areas in the eight drought-affected areas of south Madagascar.The groundwater potential zone map is being used by UNICEF and partners to plan water supply projects and identify the best sites for positioning new boreholes and reduce the likelihood of drilling failure.Additionally,the project developed a database of groundwater resources,which will improve knowledge of the regional hydrogeological context and strengthen the capacity of the water sector.Lessons learnt from this study show that an integration of the groundwater potential zone map with demographics and water demand information will help identifying priority areas for detailed studies.Moreover,a capacity building activity is required for knowledge/technology transfer to the Ministry of Energy,Water and Hydrocarbons(MEEH),allowing the possibility of scaling-up this integrated approach to the rest of Madagascar.Finally,strengthening the capacity of the MEEH and refining this approach as suggested above will certainly help in the pursuit to improve equitable access to safe and clean water for households located in the drought-affected areas of southern Madagascar,allowing them to be more resilient to the effects of climate change. 展开更多
关键词 Groundwater potential zones(GWP) Overlay analysis Remote sensing Geographic information system(GIS) South Madagascar
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Ageing related events at nuclear power plants
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作者 Alexander Duchac 《Natural Science》 2013年第1期31-37,共7页
This paper presents main results of a comprehensive study performed by the European Clearinghouse on Operating Experience Feedback of NPP with the support of IRSN (Institut de S?reté Nucléaire et de Radiopro... This paper presents main results of a comprehensive study performed by the European Clearinghouse on Operating Experience Feedback of NPP with the support of IRSN (Institut de S?reté Nucléaire et de Radioprotection) and GRS (Gesellschaft für Anlagen und Reaktorsi-cherheit mbH). Physical ageing mechanisms of structure, systems and components that eventually lead to ageing related systems and components failures at nuclear power plants were the main focus of this study. The analysis of ageing related events involved operating experience reported by NPP operators in France, Germany, USA and to the IAEA/NEA International Reporting system, on operating experience for the past 20 years (i.e. 1990-2009). A list of ageing related events was populated. Each ageing related event contained in the list was analyzed and results of analysis were summarized for each commodity group for which the ageing degradation appeared to be a dominant contributor or direct cause. The most common degradation mechanisms/ageing effects for each specific component/commodity group, their risk significance and consequences to the plant performance are described. This paper provides insights into ageing related operating experience as well as recommendations to deal with the physical ageing of nuclear power plant SSC important to safety. 展开更多
关键词 Ageing Management NUCLEAR Power PLANT Ageing DEGRADATION STRUCTURES COMPONENTS NUCLEAR Safety
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EU Trade and Investment Policy: A Responsible Contribution to Growth and Jobs
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作者 JolanaMungengova Cecilia Malmstrom 《International Relations and Diplomacy》 2016年第6期384-389,共6页
This paper explains what led the European Commission, the executive body of the European Union, to reviewing the long-standing priorities of the European Union's trade policy. In doing so, it highlights which new obj... This paper explains what led the European Commission, the executive body of the European Union, to reviewing the long-standing priorities of the European Union's trade policy. In doing so, it highlights which new objectives have been defined for European Union's trade policy with the rest of the world. This paper argues that the new EU trade and investment policy adopted by the European Commission on 14 October 2015 is more transparent and more values-based than ever before. On three concrete examples, the paper details how this new strategy translates in terms of the rule of law in investment protection, small and medium-sized enterprises' integration in the world economy, and promotion of sustainable development through EU trade and investment agreements. The paper also clarifies the articulation between EU trade and investment policy and the World Trade Organisation. The paper concludes that EU trade and investment policy is now better fitted to provide a more responsible contribution to the generating of growth and jobs. 展开更多
关键词 EU TRADE INVESTMENT TRANSPARENCY socioeconomic growth
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芬兰卡累利阿地区伟晶岩型绿柱石矿
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作者 Peter Lyckberg 尹杨 《宝石和宝石学杂志》 CAS 2012年第2期58-71,共14页
1背景介绍 自20世纪70年代,芬兰东南部维堡地块环斑花岗岩便以其晶洞状伟晶岩而闻名。部分品洞产出顶级烟晶以及优质无色或蓝色托帕石。自1984年以来还发现了世界级的金绿柱石晶体。
关键词 伟晶岩 芬兰 石矿 环斑花岗岩 东南部 绿柱石 年代 晶洞
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Flood susceptibility assessment using artificial neural networks in Indonesia
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作者 Stela Priscillia Calogero Schillaci Aldo Lipani 《Artificial Intelligence in Geosciences》 2021年第1期215-222,共8页
Flood incidents can massively damage and disrupt a city economic or governing core.However,flood risk can be mitigated through event planning and city-wide preparation to reduce damage.For,governments,firms,and civili... Flood incidents can massively damage and disrupt a city economic or governing core.However,flood risk can be mitigated through event planning and city-wide preparation to reduce damage.For,governments,firms,and civilians to make such preparations,flood susceptibility predictions are required.To predict flood susceptibility nine environmental related factors have been identified.They are elevation,slope,curvature,topographical wetness index(TWI),Euclidean distance from a river,land-cover,stream power index(SPI),soil type and precipitation.This work will use these environmental related factors alongside Sentinel-1 satellite imagery in a model intercomparison study to back-predict flood susceptibility in Jakarta for the January 2020 historic flood event across 260 key locations.For each location,this study uses current environmental conditions to predict flood status in the following month.Considering the imbalance between instances of flooded and non-flooded conditions,the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique(SMOTE)has been implemented to balance both classes in the training set.This work compares predictions from artificial neural networks(ANN),k-Nearest Neighbors algorithms(k-NN)and Support Vector Machines(SVM)against a random baseline.The effects of the SMOTE are also assessed by training each model on balanced and imbalanced datasets.The ANN is found to be superior to the other machine learning models. 展开更多
关键词 Radar remote sensing TOPOGRAPHY DEM CNN SEGMENTATION FLOOD Water
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Fear the Walking Dead?Incidence and Effects of Zombie Firms in Europe
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作者 Issam Hallak Peter Harasztosi Sebastian Schich 《Journal of Economic Science Research》 2018年第1期24-40,共17页
One explanation for the observed lack of economic dynamism in Europe is that so-called zombie firms are spreading and that they crowd out the growth of other,potentially more"lively",companies.Zombie firms a... One explanation for the observed lack of economic dynamism in Europe is that so-called zombie firms are spreading and that they crowd out the growth of other,potentially more"lively",companies.Zombie firms are firms that apparently are unable to repay their debt and yet,they continue operating.The report describes estimates for 2010 and 2013 of the incidence of zombie firms across 19 European countries using firm-level data for more than one million companies.Importantly,it uses three alternative definitions of what constitutes a zombie firm to ensure robustness of estimates.The report finds that zombie firms are spreading in Europe,with the estimated incidence for 2013 being higher than for 2010.It also identifies considerable differences across countries.Zombie firm shares as of overall corporate capital are particularly high in Greece and Spain,but low in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.Distinguish among firms in terms of size and age,the report finds that larger and older firms,as compared to relatively smaller and younger firms,are more likely to be zombie firms.The report also finds that the growth of zombie firms in terms of employment crowds out the growth of other,non-zombie firms,especially young ones.Thus,one policy implication is that,greater economic activity is achieved by allowing zombie firms to exit the market. 展开更多
关键词 Productivity Zombie firms Corporate debt Interest rate Coverage ratio
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Secure Bluetooth for Trusted m-Commerce
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作者 Pasquale Stirparo Jan Loschner 《International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences》 2013年第6期277-288,共12页
Our today’s world is becoming digital and mobile. Exploiting the advantages of wireless communication protocols is not only for telecommunication purposes, but also for payments, interaction with intelligent vehicles... Our today’s world is becoming digital and mobile. Exploiting the advantages of wireless communication protocols is not only for telecommunication purposes, but also for payments, interaction with intelligent vehicles, etc. One of the most widespread wireless capabilities is the Bluetooth protocol. Just in 2010, 906 million mobile Bluetooth enabled phones had been sold, and in 2011, there were more than 40 million Bluetooth enabled health and medical devices on the market. Still in 2011, one third of all new vehicles produced worldwide included Bluetooth technology. Security and privacy protection is key in the digital world of today. There are security and privacy risks such as device tracking, communication eavesdropping, etc., which may come from improper Bluetooth implementation with very severe consequences for the users. The objective of this paper is to analyze the usage of Bluetooth in m-commerce and m-payment fields. The steps undertaken in this paper in order to come to a proposal for a secure architecture are the analysis of the state of the art of the relevant specifications, the existing risks and the known vulnerabilities the related known attacks. Therefore, we give first an overview of the general characteristics of Bluetooth technology today, going deeper in the analysis of Bluetooth stack’s layers and the security features offered by the specifications. After this analysis of the specifications, we study how known vulnerabilities have been exploited with a comprehensive list of known attacks, which poses serious threats for the users. With all these elements as background, we conclude the paper proposing a design for Secure Architecture for Bluetooth-Enhanced Mobile “Smart” Commerce Environments. 展开更多
关键词 BLUETOOTH Mobile Security Mobile Commerce PRIVACY
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欧洲森林碳汇能力的新估算方法——综合通量测定、现场调查和空间观察:0.17~0.35Gt(C)
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作者 Philippe H. Martin jrc. ithttp://www.jrc. org/jrc/ +29 位作者 R Valentini M. Jacques K. Fabbri D. Galatl R. Quaratlno J.B. Moncrleff P. Jarvis N.O.Jensen A. Lindroth A. Grelle M.Aublnet R. Ceulemans A.S. Kowalski T. Vesala P. Keronen G. Matteucci A. Gralner P. Berbingier D. Loustau E.-D.Schulze J. Tenhunen C. Rebman A.J. Dolman J.E. Elbers C.Bernhofer T. Grunwald H.Thorgeirsson P.Kennedy S.Folving 习小环 《人类环境杂志》 1998年第7期582-584,共3页
陆地生物圈对温室气体(GHGs)提供了一个强大的汇。全球研究表明,陆地生物圈吸收了相当数量的CO_2,但是关于世界不同的地理区域和生态系统对CO_2汇功能所起的作用还不十分清楚。即将出版的《Ambio》杂志中的一篇文章概要论述了欧洲森林(... 陆地生物圈对温室气体(GHGs)提供了一个强大的汇。全球研究表明,陆地生物圈吸收了相当数量的CO_2,但是关于世界不同的地理区域和生态系统对CO_2汇功能所起的作用还不十分清楚。即将出版的《Ambio》杂志中的一篇文章概要论述了欧洲森林(EU)对CO_2吸收的重要作用。1997年12月11日随着《联合国气候变化框架公约》的京都协议的签署。 展开更多
关键词 森林 碳汇能力 估算法 综合通量调查 空间观测
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Monthly soil erosion monitoring based on remotely sensed biophysical parameters: a case study in Strymonas river basin towards a functional pan-European service 被引量:2
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作者 Panos Panagos Christos G.Karydas +1 位作者 Ioannis ZGitas Luca Montanarella 《International Journal of Digital Earth》 SCIE EI 2012年第6期461-487,共27页
Currently,many soil erosion studies at local,regional,national or continental scale use models based on the USLE-family approaches.Applications of these models pay little attention to seasonal changes,despite evidence... Currently,many soil erosion studies at local,regional,national or continental scale use models based on the USLE-family approaches.Applications of these models pay little attention to seasonal changes,despite evidence in the literature which suggests that erosion risk may change rapidly according to intra-annual rainfall figures and vegetation phenology.This paper emphasises the aspect of seasonality in soil erosion mapping by using month-step rainfall erosivity data and biophysical time series data derived from remote-sensing.The latter,together with other existing pan-European geo-databases sets the basis for a functional pan-European service for soil erosion monitoring at a scale of 1:500,000.This potential service has led to the establishment of a new modelling approach(called the G2 model)based on the inheritance of USLE-family models.The G2 model proposes innovative techniques for the estimation of vegetation and protection factors.The model has been applied in a 14,500 km 2 study area in SE Europe covering a major part of the basin of the cross-border river,Strymonas.Model results were verified with erosion and sedimentation figures from previous research.The study confirmed that monthly erosion mapping would identify the critical months and would allow erosion figures to be linked to specific land uses. 展开更多
关键词 soil erosion biophysical parameters digital earth European geo-databases Strymonas/Struma Sobel filter
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A European perspective on Digital Earth 被引量:1
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作者 AAnnoni M.Craglia +8 位作者 M.Ehlers Y.Georgiadou A.Giacomelli M.Konecny N.Ostlaender G.Remetey-Fulopp D.Rhind P.Smits S.Schade 《International Journal of Digital Earth》 SCIE 2011年第4期271-284,共14页
The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the definition of a European perspective on Digital Earth(DE),identify some actions that can contribute to raise the awareness of DE in the European context and thus stren... The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the definition of a European perspective on Digital Earth(DE),identify some actions that can contribute to raise the awareness of DE in the European context and thus strengthen the European contribution to the International Society for Digital Earth(ISDE).The paper identifies opportunities and synergies with the current policy priorities in Europe(Europe 2020,Innovation Union and Digital Agenda)and highlights a number of key areas to advance the development of DE from a European perspective:(1)integrating scientific research into DE;(2)exploiting the Observation Web with human-centred sensing;and(3)governance,including the establishment of stronger linkages across the European landscape of funding streams and initiatives.The paper is offered also as a contribution to the development of this new vision of DE to be presented at the next International DE Conference in Perth,Australia,in August 2011.The global recognition of this new vision will then reinforce the European component and build a positive feedback loop for the further implementation of DE across the globe. 展开更多
关键词 Digital Earth EUROPE Observation Web volunteered geographic information
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Increasing the detail of European land use/cover data by combining heterogeneous data sets
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作者 Konštantín Rosina Filipe Batista e Silva +3 位作者 Pilar Vizcaino Mario Marín Herrera Sérgio Freire Marcello Schiavina 《International Journal of Digital Earth》 SCIE 2020年第5期602-626,共25页
Data on land use and land cover(LULC)are a vital input for policy-relevant research,such as modelling of the human population,socioeconomic activities,transportation,environment,and their interactions.In Europe,CORINE... Data on land use and land cover(LULC)are a vital input for policy-relevant research,such as modelling of the human population,socioeconomic activities,transportation,environment,and their interactions.In Europe,CORINE Land Cover has been the only data set covering the entire continent consistently,but with rather limited spatial detail.Other data sets have provided much better detail,but either have covered only a fraction of Europe(e.g.Urban Atlas)or have been thematically restricted(e.g.Copernicus High Resolution Layers).In this study,we processed and combined diverse LULC data to create a harmonised,ready-to-use map covering 41 countries.By doing so,we increased the spatial detail(from 25 to one hectare)and the thematic detail(by seven additional LULC classes)compared to the CORINE Land Cover.Importantly,we decomposed the class‘Industrial and commercial units’into‘Production facilities’,‘Commercial/service facilities’and‘Public facilities’using machine learning to exploit a large database of points of interest.The overall accuracy of this thematic breakdown was 74%,despite the confusion between the production and commercial land uses,often attributable to noisy training data or mixed land uses.Lessons learnt from this exercise are discussed,and further research direction is proposed. 展开更多
关键词 Data fusion land use land cover machine learning points of interest
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European digital archive on soil maps (EuDASM): preserving important soil data for public free access
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作者 Panos Panagos Arwyn Jones +1 位作者 Claudio Bosco PSSenthil Kumar 《International Journal of Digital Earth》 SCIE 2011年第5期434-443,共10页
Historical soil survey paper maps are valuable resources that underpin strategies to support soil protection and promote sustainable land use practices,especially in developing countries where digital soil information... Historical soil survey paper maps are valuable resources that underpin strategies to support soil protection and promote sustainable land use practices,especially in developing countries where digital soil information is often missing.However,many of the soil maps,in particular those for developing countries,are held in traditional archives that are not easily accessible to potential users.Additionally,many of these documents are over 50 years old and are beginning to deteriorate.Realising the need to conserve this information,the Joint Research Centre(JRC)and the ISRIC-World Soil Information foundation have created the European Digital Archive of Soil Maps(EuDASM),through which all archived paper maps of ISRIC has been made accessible to the public through the Internet.The immediate objective is to transfer paper-based soil maps into a digital format with the maximum possible resolution and to ensure their preservation and easy disclosure.More than 6,000 maps from 135 countries have been captured and are freely available to users through a user-friendly web-based interface.Initial feedback has been very positive,especially from users in Africa,South America and Asia to whom archived soil maps were made available to local users,often for the first time.Link:http://eusoils.jrc.ec.europa.eu/library/maps/country_maps/list_countries.cfm. 展开更多
关键词 soil maps digital archive electronic restoration digital earth online catalogue
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Quality control,validation and user feedback of the European Flood Alert System(EFAS)
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作者 Ad De Roo Jutta Thielen +9 位作者 Peter Salamon Konrad Bogner Sebastien Nobert Hannah Cloke David Demeritt Jalal Younis Milan Kalas Katalin Bodis Davide Muraro Florian Pappenberger 《International Journal of Digital Earth》 SCIE 2011年第S01期77-90,共14页
The quality control,validation and verification of the European Flood Alert System(EFAS)are described.EFAS is designed as a flood early warning system at pan-European scale,to complement national systems and provide f... The quality control,validation and verification of the European Flood Alert System(EFAS)are described.EFAS is designed as a flood early warning system at pan-European scale,to complement national systems and provide flood warnings more than 2 days before a flood.On average 2030 alerts per year are sent out to the EFAS partner network which consists of 24 National hydrological authorities responsible for transnational river basins.Quality control of the system includes the evaluation of the hits,misses and false alarms,showing that EFAS has more than 50%of the time hits.Furthermore,the skills of both the meteorological as well as the hydrological forecasts are evaluated,and are included here for a 10-year period.Next,end-user needs and feedback are systematically analysed.Suggested improvements,such as real-time river discharge updating,are currently implemented. 展开更多
关键词 FLOOD WARNING forecasting EFAS PROBABILISTIC SKILL
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