Plastic deformation of three CuZnAl shape memory alloys in martensitic state was investi- gated by means of optical and electron metallography,dilatometry and electric resistiviy de- termination.Two of the alloys are ...Plastic deformation of three CuZnAl shape memory alloys in martensitic state was investi- gated by means of optical and electron metallography,dilatometry and electric resistiviy de- termination.Two of the alloys are in martensitic state at ambient temperature,and the A_f temperature of the third one is far below the ambient temperature.The effect of deformation of alloys in martensitic state on the course and temperature of transformation as well as the hysteresis of transformation cycles has been analyzed and the “effect of the first cycle” has also been discussed.展开更多
The interna.1 vibrations of the ammonium ion in(ND_(4))_(2) TeCl_(6) have been studied by Raman scattering in the temperature range 4.2-300 K.Split tings of A_(1)-,E-,and T_(2)-modes have been o bserved at T_(c2)=48K ...The interna.1 vibrations of the ammonium ion in(ND_(4))_(2) TeCl_(6) have been studied by Raman scattering in the temperature range 4.2-300 K.Split tings of A_(1)-,E-,and T_(2)-modes have been o bserved at T_(c2)=48K and T_(c3)=28 K.These split tings were well interpreted by group theoretical correlation method.The reason for the transitions at T_(c2) and T_(c3) may be the decrease of the force constant in the deuterated ammonium ion.展开更多
In this paper, some 2-D features of the down- and up-slope winds and sea-land-breeze generated over the com- plex terrain of the Qingdao area and the interaction between them are numerically analysed by use of a 2-D n...In this paper, some 2-D features of the down- and up-slope winds and sea-land-breeze generated over the com- plex terrain of the Qingdao area and the interaction between them are numerically analysed by use of a 2-D non-hydrostatic mesoscale model. The simulated results in the west-east vertical cross-section show that (1) when the large-scale wind is a southerly gentle one, the generated easterly down-slope wind is much stronger than with an oppo- site background wind, and the down-slope wind can trigger and intensify the land breeze corresponding to the eastern coast of Jiaozhou Bay; (2) a gentle westerly background wind will reduce the eastward sea breeze and up-slope wind during the daytime due to a cold advection, but shows a little effect on the mesoscale circulation formed in the nighttime.展开更多
CH_4 emission rates have been measured continuously for the early rice of 1988 and late rices of 1987 and 1988 during entire growing seasons in a rice paddy field in Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province,China,by using an automa...CH_4 emission rates have been measured continuously for the early rice of 1988 and late rices of 1987 and 1988 during entire growing seasons in a rice paddy field in Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province,China,by using an automatic sampling and analyzing system.During most parts of the seasons CH_4 emission rates showed strong diurnal variations.Bi-mode patterns with the highest value in the afternoon and a second peak at mid-night were generally found for the early rice,while the highest values were almost always found in the night for the late rice.Bi-mode patterns with a second peak in the afternoon were also found during the reproductive phase of the late rice plants.These diurnal variations may be explained by the diurnal variations of the soil temperature and the activity of rice plants.Strong seasonal variations with one peak in the tillering stage and two during the reproductive phase of rice plants were observed for all the three growing seasons.The seasonal variations may be explained by the activity of rice plants,availability of organic substrates in the soil,and the activity of soil bacteria related to soil temperatures,Fertilization did not show significant effects on the total seasonal CH_4 emissions but slightly changed the pattern of the seasonal variations of the CH_4 emission rates.Averaged over the measuring periods and 8 spots,CH_4 emission rates of 7.8 mg m^(-2) h^(-1) for the early rice and 28.6 mg m^(-2) h^(-1) for the late rice were obtained. Based on these measured data,the total global emission of CH_4 from rice paddies is estimated to be about 90 Tg/yr ranging from 70 to 110,accounting for 20% of the total source of CH_4.展开更多
文摘Plastic deformation of three CuZnAl shape memory alloys in martensitic state was investi- gated by means of optical and electron metallography,dilatometry and electric resistiviy de- termination.Two of the alloys are in martensitic state at ambient temperature,and the A_f temperature of the third one is far below the ambient temperature.The effect of deformation of alloys in martensitic state on the course and temperature of transformation as well as the hysteresis of transformation cycles has been analyzed and the “effect of the first cycle” has also been discussed.
文摘The interna.1 vibrations of the ammonium ion in(ND_(4))_(2) TeCl_(6) have been studied by Raman scattering in the temperature range 4.2-300 K.Split tings of A_(1)-,E-,and T_(2)-modes have been o bserved at T_(c2)=48K and T_(c3)=28 K.These split tings were well interpreted by group theoretical correlation method.The reason for the transitions at T_(c2) and T_(c3) may be the decrease of the force constant in the deuterated ammonium ion.
文摘In this paper, some 2-D features of the down- and up-slope winds and sea-land-breeze generated over the com- plex terrain of the Qingdao area and the interaction between them are numerically analysed by use of a 2-D non-hydrostatic mesoscale model. The simulated results in the west-east vertical cross-section show that (1) when the large-scale wind is a southerly gentle one, the generated easterly down-slope wind is much stronger than with an oppo- site background wind, and the down-slope wind can trigger and intensify the land breeze corresponding to the eastern coast of Jiaozhou Bay; (2) a gentle westerly background wind will reduce the eastward sea breeze and up-slope wind during the daytime due to a cold advection, but shows a little effect on the mesoscale circulation formed in the nighttime.
文摘CH_4 emission rates have been measured continuously for the early rice of 1988 and late rices of 1987 and 1988 during entire growing seasons in a rice paddy field in Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province,China,by using an automatic sampling and analyzing system.During most parts of the seasons CH_4 emission rates showed strong diurnal variations.Bi-mode patterns with the highest value in the afternoon and a second peak at mid-night were generally found for the early rice,while the highest values were almost always found in the night for the late rice.Bi-mode patterns with a second peak in the afternoon were also found during the reproductive phase of the late rice plants.These diurnal variations may be explained by the diurnal variations of the soil temperature and the activity of rice plants.Strong seasonal variations with one peak in the tillering stage and two during the reproductive phase of rice plants were observed for all the three growing seasons.The seasonal variations may be explained by the activity of rice plants,availability of organic substrates in the soil,and the activity of soil bacteria related to soil temperatures,Fertilization did not show significant effects on the total seasonal CH_4 emissions but slightly changed the pattern of the seasonal variations of the CH_4 emission rates.Averaged over the measuring periods and 8 spots,CH_4 emission rates of 7.8 mg m^(-2) h^(-1) for the early rice and 28.6 mg m^(-2) h^(-1) for the late rice were obtained. Based on these measured data,the total global emission of CH_4 from rice paddies is estimated to be about 90 Tg/yr ranging from 70 to 110,accounting for 20% of the total source of CH_4.
