Virtual reality:The bridge between medical education and clinical practice

After perusing the paper by Kim et al,I discovered that this is an interesting manuscript and a successful study.Virtual reality(VR)is an emerging and promising technology employed in the domain of medical practice and medical education over the past decade.In the era of big data,VR is constantly progressing in the fields of medical education and clinical diagnosis and treatment.As a novel scientific and technological tool,VR not only overcomes multiple limitations of the traditional medical teaching mode but also reduces the reliance on personnel and equipment.VR can simulate the real clinical situation,stimulate the enthusiasm of young doctors and nurses for clinical study,and simultaneously safeguard and promote medical safety and doctor-patient harmony.Favorable outcomes have been attained in clinical teaching and diagnosis and treatment activities.While enhancing the training conditions of medical cosmetics and elevating the level of clinical practice and teaching,the risks resulting from improper clinical diagnosis and treatment have been circumvented.All of this is evident and comprehensible.

Associations between Mental Health Outcomes and Adverse Childhood Experiences and Character Strengths among University Students in Southern China

Adverse childhood experiences(ACEs)can negatively affect mental health,whereas character strengths seem to be positively correlated with mental health.Detailed information on the history of ACEs among university students in China and the extent which mental health is associated with ACEs and character strengths can contribute to the needed empirical evidence for relevant stakeholders.Objectives of this study are 1)to estimate the prevalence of ACEs among undergraduate students in Southern China;and 2)to assess the extent which mental health outcomes(positive growth,well-being,and depression)are associated with ACEs and character strengths among undergraduate students in Southern China.We conducted a self-administered survey amongfirst and second-year students at a university in Southern China and analyzed data using descriptive statistics and linear regression analyses.Among the 779 students who completed the questionnaire,283 were males,439 were females,and 57 did not indicate their gender.The prevalence of ACEs among the participants was 32.1%.History of ACEs was associated with lower positive growth score(Adjusted Beta=-0.20;95%CI=-0.37,-0.02;p=0.030)and lower well-being score(Adjusted Beta=-1.13;95%CI=-2.04,-0.23;p=0.014).Vitality domain of character strength was associated with all three mental health outcomes after adjusting for covariables(all p-values<0.001).Our studyfindings provide empirical evidence for stakeholders in university mental health.However,caveats regarding lack of temporality,selection bias,social desirability bias,and lack of generalizability should be considered in the interpretation of the studyfindings.

Subjective Well-Being among Empty-Nest Elderly and Its Related Factors:Taking Guangdong Province as an Example

Objective:To explore the the status of happiness and social support of empty nesters in Guangdong Province and analyze the relationship between the above two variables.Method:Totally 1148 empty nesters(776 males,734 females)from 5 cities in Guangdong province are selected by stratified random sampling and conducted with Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness(MUNSH),Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS),Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)and a self-edited questionnaire on the general information.Results:The total score of MUNSH is(10.20±6.37).The total score and the scores of the 3 dimensions of objective support,subject support,the use of support in SSRS are(30.79±5.51),(9.24±2.37),(19.38±4.95)and(9.22±2.15)respectively.Multiple variable linear regression show that are positively associated with the total scores of MUNSH(B=.227,.115,.098,.158,.082,respectively,P<.05).was negatively associated with total score of MUNSH(B=-.097,P<.05).Conclusion:It suggests that the sort of leisure,gender,progress rank,family characteristics,such as family economic condition and father’s career may be related factors of undergraduates life satisfaction.

College Students’Cognition of Internet Accidental Injury Insurance:A Case Study of Guangdong Province

To explore college students'understanding and satisfaction of internet accidental injury insurance,and to analyse the factors influencing college students'awareness and satisfaction of internet accidental injury insurance.836 college students in Guangdong Province were selected by stratified random sampling.They were investigated with the self-designed questionnaire"College Students'Cognition of Internet Accidental Injury Insurance(CSCIAII)".29.67%,52.18%,10.13%and 8.02%of the college students didn't know,knew a little,knew relatively well and knew very well about internet accidental injury insurance,respectively.The percentage of college students who were very satisfied with the internet accidental injury insurance,thought the internet accidental injury insurance basically met their own needs,think it was acceptable but needed to be improved,did not agree with and were not satisfied with it at all were 9.55%,16.82%,47.73%,11.82%and 14.09%,respectively.College Students’awareness of insurance is weak,and they do not pay enough attention to accidental injury insurance.The design,publicity and sale strategies of internet insurance products may be important factors affecting college students'understanding and satisfaction with internet accidental injury insurance.

Psychometric Performance of Learning Burnout Scale for Undergraduates (LBSU) in Guangdong

To analyze the psychometric performance of Learning Burnout Scale for Undergraduates(LBSU)in Guangdong province.LBSU was used to conduct the survey involving 1628 undergraduates who were selected with stratified random sampling from 7 colleges in Guangdong province.Cronbach’sαcoefficient and split-half reliability were used to analyze the internal consistency of the questionnaire.Convergent validity,discriminant validity and factor analysis were used to evaluate its structural validity.Ceiling and floor effect were used to analyze its sensitivity.Cronbach’sαcoefficient of the total questionnaire was 0.89 and cronbach’sαcoefficient of 3 dimensions were 0.73-0.78,which met with the requirements of the group comparison.Spearman-Brown split-half coefficient of the total questionnaire and 3 dimensions were 0.90,0.85,0.81,0.79,respectively,which also met with the requirements of the group comparison.Both the calibration success rate of convergent validity and discriminant validity of each dimension were 100%.Four components obtained from 20 items which cumulative variance contribution rate was 51.924%.The total score and score of each dimension were all normal distribution,without any floor or ceiling effect in dimensions.The psychometric performance of LBSU for assessing undergraduates in Guangdong province is valid and reliable.

Interplay between microglia and environmental risk factors in Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer s disease,among the most common neurodegenerative disorders,is chara cterized by progressive cognitive impairment.At present,the Alzheimer’s disease main risk remains genetic ris ks,but major environmental fa ctors are increasingly shown to impact Alzheimer’s disease development and progression.Microglia,the most important brain immune cells,play a central role in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis and are considered environmental and lifestyle"sensors."Factors like environmental pollution and modern lifestyles(e.g.,chronic stress,poor dietary habits,sleep,and circadian rhythm disorde rs)can cause neuroinflammato ry responses that lead to cognitive impairment via microglial functioning and phenotypic regulation.However,the specific mechanisms underlying interactions among these facto rs and microglia in Alzheimer’s disease are unclear.Herein,we:discuss the biological effects of air pollution,chronic stress,gut micro biota,sleep patterns,physical exercise,cigarette smoking,and caffeine consumption on microglia;consider how unhealthy lifestyle factors influence individual susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease;and present the neuroprotective effects of a healthy lifestyle.Toward intervening and controlling these environmental risk fa ctors at an early Alzheimer’s disease stage,understanding the role of microglia in Alzheimer’s disease development,and to rgeting strategies to to rget microglia,co uld be essential to future Alzheimer’s disease treatments.

Role of targeting ferroptosis as a component of combination therapy in combating drug resistance in colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a form of cancer that is often resistant to chemotherapy,targeted therapy,radiotherapy,and immunotherapy due to its genomic instability and inflammatory tumor microenvironment.Ferroptosis,a type of non-apoptotic cell death,is characterized by the accumulation of iron and the oxidation of lipids.Studies have revealed that the levels of reactive oxygen species and glutathione in CRC cells are significantly lower than those in healthy colon cells.Erastin has emerged as a promising candidate for CRC treatment by diminishing stemness and chemoresistance.Moreover,the gut,responsible for regulating iron absorption and release,could influence CRC susceptibility through iron metabolism modulation.Investigation into ferroptosis offers new insights into CRC pathogenesis and clinical management,potentially revolutionizing treatment approaches for therapy-resistant cancers.

C634Y mutation in RET-induced multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A:A case report

BACKGROUND Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2(MEN2)is a rare,autosomal dominant endocrine disease.Currently,the RET proto-oncogene is the only gene implicated in MEN2A pathogenesis.Once an RET carrier is detected,family members should be screened to enable early detection of medullary thyroid carcinoma,pheochromocytoma,and hyperparatitity.Among these,medullary thyroid carcinoma is the main factor responsible for patient mortality.Accordingly,delineating strategies to inform clinical follow-up and treatment plans based on genes is paramount for clinical practitioners.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we present RET proto-oncogene mutations,clinical characteristics,and treatment strategies in a family with MEN2A.A family study was conducted on patients diagnosed with MEN2A.DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of family members,and first-generation exon sequencing of the RET protooncogene was conducted.The C634Y mutation was identified in three family members spanning three generations.Two patients were sequentially diagnosed with pheochromocytomas and bilateral medullary thyroid carcinomas.A 9-yearold child harboring the gene mutation was diagnosed with medullary thyroid carcinoma.Surgical resection of the tumors was performed.All family members were advised to undergo complete genetic testing related to the C634Y mutation,and the corresponding treatments administered based on test results and associated clinical guidelines.CONCLUSION Advancements in MEN2A research are important for familial management,assessment of medullary thyroid cancer invasive risk,and deciding surgical timing.

Feasibility and limitations of combined treatment for lateral pelvic lymph node metastases in rectal cancer

Colorectal cancer ranks among the most commonly diagnosed cancers globally,and is associated with a high rate of pelvic recurrence after surgery.In efforts to mitigate recurrence,pelvic lymph node dissection(PLND)is commonly advocated as an adjunct to radical surgery.Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy(NACRT)is a therapeutic approach employed in managing locally advanced rectal cancer,and has been found to increase the survival rates.Chua et al have proposed a combination of NACRT with selective PLND for addressing lateral pelvic lymph node metastases in rectal cancer patients,with the aim of reducing recurrence and improving survival outcomes.Nevertheless,certain studies have indicated that the addition of PLND to NACRT and total mesorectal excision did not yield a significant reduction in local recurrence rates or improvement in survival.Consequently,meticulous patient selection and perioperative chemotherapy may prove indispensable in ensuring the efficacy of PLND.

Laccase/caffeic acid-catalyzed crosslinking coupled with galactomannan alters the conformational structure of ovalbumin and alleviates Th2-mediated allergic asthma

Ovalbumin(OVA)is the major allergenic protein that can induce T helper 2(Th2)-allergic reactions,for which current treatment options are inadequate.In this study,we developed a polymerized hypoallergenic OVA product via laccase/caffeic acid(Lac/CA)-catalyzed crosslinking in conjunction with galactomannan(Man).The formation of high molecular weight crosslinked polymers and the Ig G-binding were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)and Western blotting.The study indicated that Lac/CA-catalyzed crosslinking plus Man conjugation substantially altered secondary and tertiary structures of OVA along with the variation in surface hydrophobicity.Gastrointestinal digestion stability assay indicated that crosslinked OVA exhibited less resistance in simulated gastric fluid(SGF)and simulated intestinal fluid(SIF).Mouse model study indicated that Lac-Man/OVA ameliorated eosinophilic airway inflammatory response and efficiently downregulated the expression of Th2-related cytokines(interleukin(IL)-4,IL-5,and IL-13),and upregulated IFN-γand IL-10 expression.Stimulation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells with Lac-Man/OVA suppressed the expression of phenotypic maturation markers(CD80 and CD86)and MHC class II molecules,and suppressed the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines.The knowledge obtained in the present study offers an effective way to acquire a hypoallergenic OVA product that can have a therapeutic effect in alleviating OVA-induced allergic asthma.

Silencing of the long non-coding RNA LINC00265 triggers autophagy and apoptosis in lung cancer by reducing protein stability of SIN3A oncogene

Background:Long non-coding RNAs are important regulators in cancer biology and function either as tumor suppressors or as oncogenes.Their dysregulation has been closely associated with tumorigenesis.LINC00265 is upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma and is a prognostic biomarker of this cancer.However,the mechanism underlying its function in cancer progression remains poorly understood.Methods:Here,the regulatory role of LINC00265 in lung adenocarcinoma was examined using lung cancer cell lines,clinical samples,and xenografts.Results:We found that high levels of LINC00265 expression were associated with shorter overall survival rate of patients,whereas knockdown of LINC00265 inhibited proliferation of cancer cell lines and tumor growth in xenografts.Western blot andflow cytometry analyses indicated that silencing of LINC00265 induced autophagy and apoptosis.Moreover,we showed that LINC00265 interacted with and stabilized the transcriptional co-repressor Switch-independent 3a(SIN3A),which is a scaffold protein functioning either as a tumor repressor or as an oncogene in a context-dependent manner.Silencing of SIN3A also reduced proliferation of lung cancer cells,which was correlated with the induction of autophagy.These observations raise the possibility that LINC00265 functions to promote the oncogenic activity of SIN3A in lung adenocarcinoma.Conclusions:Ourfindings thus identify SIN3A as a LINC00265-associated protein and should help to understand the mechanism underlying LINC00265-mediated oncogenesis.

Relationship among Parkinson’s disease, constipation, microbes, and microbiological therapy

This comprehensive review elucidates the complex interplay between gut microbiota and constipation in Parkinson’s disease(PD),a prevalent non-motor symptom contributing significantly to patients’morbidity.A marked alteration in the gut microbiota,predominantly an increase in the abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes,is observed in PD-related constipation.Conventional treatments,although safe,have failed to effectively alleviate symptoms,thereby necessitating the development of novel therapeutic strategies.Microbiological interventions such as prebiotics,probiotics,and fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)hold therapeutic potential.While prebiotics improve bowel movements,probiotics are effective in enhancing stool consistency and alleviating abdominal discomfort.FMT shows potential for significantly alleviating constipation symptoms by restoring gut microbiota balance in patients with PD.Despite promising developments,the causal relationship between changes in gut microbiota and PD-related constipation remains elusive,highlighting the need for further research in this expanding field.

Causal relationships between gut microbiota and dementia:A twosample,bidirectional,Mendelian randomization study

BACKGROUND Existing evidence suggests that gut microbiota represent a significant environmental risk factor for various forms of dementia,including Alzheimer's dementia,vascular dementia,and dementia in other diseases classified elsewhere.However,the exact causal relationships between gut microbiota and the different forms of dementia or their subtypes remain unclear.AIM To investigate putative causal relationships between gut microbiota and dementia or its subtypes using Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis.METHODS A bidirectional,two-sample,MR analysis was conducted utilizing publicly available gut microbiota-related genome-wide association study(GWAS)summary data from the MiBioGen consortium alongside GWAS summary statistics for dementia and its subtypes from the FinnGen consortium.Instrumental variables were selected according to the fundamental tenets of MR and their strengths were evaluated using the F-statistic.Five MR methods were employed,and the robustness of our findings was validated.To account for multiple comparisons,we applied the Bonferroni method for P-value adjustment.RESULTS We identified several gut microbiota taxa exhibiting putative causal relationships with dementia or its subtypes,potentially serving as risk or protective factors for the disease.In addition,reverse MR analysis indicated that the relative abundance of several gut microbiota taxa might be influenced by dementia or its subtypes.An exhaustive sensitivity analysis confirmed the absence of heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy.After applying correction for multiple testing,we observed that the order Bacillales(odds ratio:0.830,95%confidence interval:0.740-0.932,P=0.00155,Padjust=0.0311)exhibited a strong association with Alzheimer’s disease-related dementia.CONCLUSION The results suggest that gut microbiota is causally associated with dementia.Our findings provide novel insights into the pathophysiology of dementia and have important implications for its treatment and prevention.

Identification of prognostic molecular subtypes and model based on CD8+ T cells for lung adenocarcinoma

Background:Cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CD8+T)cells function critically in mediating anti-tumor immune response in cancer patients.Characterizing the specific functions of CD8+T cells in lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)could help better understand local anti-tumor immune responses and estimate the effect of immunotherapy.Methods:Gens related to CD8+T cells were identified by cluster analysis based on the single-cell sequencing data of three LUAD tissues and their paired normal tissues.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA),consensus clustering,differential expression analysis,least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)and Cox regression analysis were conducted to classify molecular subtypes for LUAD and to develop a risk model using prognostic genes related to CD8+T cells.Expression of the genes in the prognostic model,their effects on tumor cell invasion,and interactions with CD8+T cells were verified by cell experiments.Results:This study defined two LUAD clusters(CD8+0 and CD8+1)based on CD8+T cells,with cluster CD8+0 being significantly associated with the prognosis of LUAD.Three heterogeneous subtypes(clusters 1,2,and 3)differing in prognosis,genome mutation events,and immune status were categorized using 42 prognostic genes.A prognostic model created based on 11 significant genes(including CD200R1,CLEC17A,ZC3H12D,GNG7,SNX30,CDCP1,NEIL3,IGF2BP1,RHOV,ABCC2,and KRT81)was able to independently estimate the death risk for patients in different LUAD cohorts.Moreover,the model also showed general applicability in external validation cohorts.Low-risk patients could benefit more from taking immunotherapy and were significantly related to the resistance to anticancer drugs.The results from cell experiments demonstrated that the expression of CD200R1,CLEC17A,ZC3H12D,GNG7,and SNX30 was significantly downregulated,while that of CDCP1,NEIL3,IGF2BP1,RHOV,ABCC2 and KRT81 was upregulated in LUAD cells.Inhibition of CD200R1 greatly increased the invasiveness of the LUAD cells,but inhibiting CDCP1 expression weakened the invasion ability of LUAD cells.Conclusion:This study defined two prognostic CD8+T cell clusters and classified three heterogeneous molecular subtypes for LUAD.A prognostic model predictive of the potential effects of immunotherapy on LUAD patients was developed.

Advancing gastrointestinal stromal tumor management: The role of imagomics features in precision risk assessment

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)vary widely in prognosis,and traditional pathological assessments often lack precision in risk stratification.Advanced imaging techniques,especially magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),offer potential improvements.This study investigates how MRI imagomics can enhance risk assessment and support personalized treatment for GIST patients.AIM To assess the effectiveness of MRI imagomics in improving GIST risk stratification,addressing the limitations of traditional pathological assessments.METHODS Analyzed clinical and MRI data from 132 GIST patients,categorizing them by tumor specifics and dividing into risk groups.Employed dimension reduction for optimal imagomics feature selection from diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI),T1-weighted imaging(T1WI),and contrast enhanced T1WI with fat saturation(CET1WI)fat suppress(fs)sequences.RESULTS Age,lesion diameter,and mitotic figures significantly correlated with GIST risk,with DWI sequence features like sphericity and regional entropy showing high predictive accuracy.The combined T1WI and CE-T1WI fs model had the best predictive efficacy.In the test group,the DWI sequence model demonstrated an area under the curve(AUC)value of 0.960 with a sensitivity of 80.0%and a specificity of 100.0%.On the other hand,the combined performance of the T1WI and CE-T1WI fs models in the test group was the most robust,exhibiting an AUC value of 0.834,a sensitivity of 70.4%,and a specificity of 85.2%.CONCLUSION MRI imagomics,particularly DWI and combined T1WI/CE-T1WI fs models,significantly enhance GIST risk stratification,supporting precise preoperative patient assessment and personalized treatment plans.The clinical implications are profound,enabling more accurate surgical strategy formulation and optimized treatment selection,thereby improving patient outcomes.Future research should focus on multicenter studies to validate these findings,integrate advanced imaging technologies like PET/MRI,and incorporate genetic factors to achieve a more comprehensive risk assessment.

Paired box proteins as diagnostic biomarkers for endocervical adenocarcinoma

In this editorial,we commented on the article by Akers et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Cases.We focused specifically on the role of the transcription factor paired box protein 8(PAX8)belonging to the family PAX in the carcinogenesis of a gynecologic tumor,endocervical adenocarcinoma,arising from the tissue of mesonephric origin,and the potential diagnostic value for the same type of neoplasms.The global vaccination program of human papillomavirus(HPV)has dramatically reduced the incidence of cervical cancer,including cases of adenocarcinoma.The type of adenoid epithelial origin has a lower frequency of HPV detection but tends to be more aggressive and fatal.Cases of endocervical adenocarcinoma occurring in females of menopause age have been described in the 2023 volume of the World Journal of Clinical Cases and in our study recently published in Oncol Lett.The histopathological findings and immunohistochemical assays showed that the lesions had glandular morphology,and the specimens in these two reports were immunohistochemically positive for the transcription factor PAX8,albeit that they had opposing expression profiles of tumor suppressor p16 and estrogen receptor and the presence of the HPV genome.The presence of a mucin protein,MUC 5AC,as revealed in both studies suggested target molecules for the diagnosis of mucinous adenoid type of uterine tumor and other histological origins.The clinical outcome was unfavorable due to metastasis and recurrence.This prompted the improvement of the antitumor modality,with the introduction of precise targeting therapy.Mucin has now been reported to be the therapeutic target for adenocarcinomas.

Multi-omics Approach Reveals Influenza-A Virus Target Genes Associated Genomic,Clinical and Immunological Characteristics in Cancers

Objective To examine the precise function of influenza A virus target genes(IATGs)in malignancy.Methods Using multi-omics data from the TCGA and TCPA datasets,33 tumor types were evaluated for IATGs.IATG expression in cancer cells was analyzed using transcriptome analysis.Copy number variation(CNV)was assessed using GISTICS 2.0.Spearman’s analysis was used to correlate mRNA expression with methylation levels.GSEA was used for the enrichment analysis.Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to examine the association between IATG mRNA expression and IC50.The ImmuCellAI algorithm was used to calculate the infiltration scores of 24 immune cell types.Results In 13 solid tumors,IATG mRNA levels were atypically expressed.Except for UCS,UVM,KICH,PCPG,THCA,CHOL,LAMI,and MESO,most cancers contained somatic IATG mutations.The main types of CNVs in IATGs are heterozygous amplifications and deletions.In most tumors,IATG mRNA expression is adversely associated with methylation.RT-PCR demonstrated that EGFR,ANXA5,CACNA1C,CD209,UVRAG were upregulated and CLEC4M was downregulated in KIRC cell lines,consistent with the TCGA and GTEx data.Conclusion Genomic changes and clinical characteristics of IATGs were identified,which may offer fresh perspectives linking the influenza A virus to cancer.

Effect of artificial natural light on the development of myopia among primary school-age children in China:a three-year longitudinal study

AIM:To assess the efficacy of artificial natural light in preventing incident myopia in primary school-age children.METHODS:This is a prospective,randomized control,intervention study.A total of 1840 students from 39 classes in 4 primary schools in Foshan participated in this study.The whole randomization method was adopted to include classes as a group according to 1:1 randomized control.Classrooms in the control group were illuminated by usual light,and classrooms in the intervention group were illuminated by artificial natural light.All students received uncorrected visual acuity and best-corrected visual acuity measurement,non-cycloplegic autorefraction,ocular biometric examination,slit lamp and strabismus examination.Three-year follow-up,the students underwent same procedures.Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent refraction≤-0.50 D and uncorrected visual acuity<20/20.RESULTS:There were 894 students in the control group and 946 students in the intervention group with a mean±SD age of 7.50±0.53y.The three-year cumulative incidence rate of myopia was 26.4%(207 incident cases among 784 eligible participants at baseline)in the control group and 21.2%(164 incident cases among 774 eligible participants at baseline)in the intervention group[difference of 5.2%(95%CI,3.7%to 10.1%);P=0.035].There was also a significant difference in the three-year change in spherical equivalent refraction for the control group(-0.81 D)compared with the intervention group[-0.63 D;difference of 0.18 D(95%CI,0.08 to 0.28 D);P<0.001].Elongation of axial length was significantly different between in the control group(0.77 mm)and the intervention group[0.72 mm;difference of 0.05 mm(95%CI,0.01 to 0.09 mm);P=0.003].CONCLUSION:Artificial natural light in the classroom of primary schools can result in reducing incidence rate of myopia during a period of three years.

TM9SF1 is implicated in promoting the proliferation and invasion of bladder cancer cells

Zhuo et al looked into the part of transmembrane 9 superfamily member 1(TM9SF1)in bladder cancer(BC),and evaluated if it can be used as a therapeutic target.They created a permanent BC cell line and tested the effects of TM9SF1 overexpression and suppression on BC cell growth,movement,invasion,and cell cycle advancement.Their results show that TM9SF1 can boost the growth,movement,and invasion of BC cells and their access into the G2/M stage of the cell cycle.This research gives a novel direction and concept for targeted therapy of BC.

Six transmembrane epithelial antigens of the prostate to illustrate inflammatory response in gastrointestinal cancers

Gastrointestinal cancer(GIC)is a common and widespread form of tumor,with colonoscopy and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy available to detect relevant precancerous polyps and lesions.However,many patients are already in the late stages when first diagnosed with such cancer,resulting in a poor prognosis.Thus,it is necessary to explore new methods and research directions in order to improve the treatment of GIC.Given the specific nature of the gastrointestinal tract,research should focus on the mechanisms of various inflammations and the interactions between food entering and exiting from the gastrointestinal tract and cancer cells.Interestingly,six transmembrane epithelial antigens of the prostates(STEAPs)have been found to be significantly linked to the progression of malignant tumors,associated with intracellular oxidative stress and playing a major role in inflammation with their structure and function.This paper explores the mechanism of STEAPs in the inflammatory response of GIC,providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and early intervention of GIC.The basic properties of the STEAP family as metal reductase are also explained.When it comes to intervention for GIC prevention,STEAPs can affect the activity of Fe^(3+),Cu^(2+) reductase and regulate metal ion uptake in vivo,participating in inflammation-related iron and copper homeostasis.Thus,the mechanism of STEAPs on inflammation is of important value in the prevention of GIC.