Down-modulation of heat shock protein 70 and up-modulation of Caspase-3 during schisandrin B-induced apoptosis in human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells

AIM: To investigate the effect of schisandrin B (Sch B) on proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells in vitro and regulation of Hsp70 and Caspases-3, 7, 9 expression by Sch B. METHODS: Human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721 was cultured and treated with Sch B at various concentrations. Growth suppression was detected with MTT colorimetric assay. Cell apoptosis was confirmed by DNA ladder detection and flow cytometric analysis. The expression of Hsp70, Caspases-3, 7, 9 were analyzed by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: Sch B inhibited the growth of hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells in a dose-dependent manner, leading to a 50% decrease in cell number (LC50) value of 23.50 mg/L. Treatment with Sch B resulted in degradation of chromosomal DNA into small internucleosomal fragments, evidenced by the formation of a 180-200 bp DNA ladder on agarose gels. FCM analysis showed the peak areas of subdiploid at the increased concentration of Sch B. The results of Western bolt analysis showed that Hsp70 was down-regulated and Caspase-3 was up-regulated, while the activity of Caspases-7,-9 had no significant change. CONCLUSION: Sch B is able to inhibit the proliferation ofhuman hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells and induce apoptosis, which goes through Caspase-3-dependent and Caspase-9-independent pathway accompanied with the down-regulation of Hsp70 protein expression at an early event.

AN APPROXIMATE EXPRESSION RELATED WITH RSA FIXED POINTS

Let T=T(n,e,α) be the number of fixed points o f RSA(n,e) that a re co prime with n=pq,and A,B be sets of prime numbers in (1,x) and (1,y) respectively. An estimation on the mean value M(A,B,e,α)=1 (#A)(#B)∑p∈A,q∈B,(p,q)=1logT(pq,e,α) is given.

Noether Symmetry Can Lead to Non-Noether Conserved Quantity of Holonomic Nonconservative Systems in General Lie Transformations

For the holonomic nonconservative system, by using the Noether symmetry, a non-Noether conserved quantity is obtained directly under general infinitesimal transformations of groups in which time is variable. At first,the Noether symmetry, Lie symmetry, and Noether conserved quantity are given. Secondly, the condition under which the Noether symmetry is a Lie symmetry under general infinitesimal transformations is obtained. Finally, a set of nonNoether conserved quantities of the system are given by the Noether symmetry, and an example is given to illustrate the application of the results.

Improvement of Laih and Yen＇s multisignature scheme

A new attack is proposed to show that a specified group of verifiers can cooperate to forge the signature for any message by secret key substitution due to the leaked secret key or by the group public key adjustment because of the renewed members. This paper presents the improvement scheme which overcomes the security weakness of Laih and Yen's scheme.

STUDY OF UPPER BOUND PROBLEM OF HEILBRONN TYPE

A set of n points in the plane determines a total C 2 n distances (some of them may be the same).Let r n be the ratio of the maximum distance to the minimum distance, and R n be the greatest lower bound for r n. By using the mathematical software Mathematica,the author gets the following results in this paper.R 12 ≤2.99496..., R 13 ≤cscπ10.

Time course and evaluation of neurological deficits after focal cerebral ischemia in mice

AIM : To observe time course of neurological deficits after focal cerebral ischemia in mice, and to confirm the quantitative and objective method we developed for evaluating neurological deficits. METHODS: Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. The neurological deficits were assessed 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, or 1-7 d after ischemia.

Therapeutic effect of pranlukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist, on focal cerebral ischemia in mice

AIM: To determine whether pranlukast (ONO-1078 ), a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist, possesses therapeutic effect when administered after focal cerebral ischemia in mice. METHODS： Persistent focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion, pranlukast and edaravone, a positive control drug, were ip injected 1, 6

Maximal Subsemigroups of Finite Transformation Semigroups K(n,r)

Let T n be the full transformation semigroup on the n-element set X n . For an arbitrary integer r such that 2 ≤ r ≤ n-1, we completely describe the maximal subsemigroups of the semigroup K(n, r) = {α ∈? T n : |im α| ≤ r}. We also formulate the cardinal number of such subsemigroups which is an answer to Problem 46 of Tetrad in 1969, concerning the number of subsemigroups of T n .