Probiotic microorganisms affect the reproductive and nervous systems of male rats treated with acrylamide

Objective:To evaluate the protective effects of probiotic microorganisms on the reproductive and nervous systems of male rats treated with acrylamide.Methods:Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and received normal saline through gavage(control),acrylamide 20 mg/kg body weight,acrylamide plus probiotic microorganisms(Lactobacillus acidophilus,Lactobacillus casei,Lactobacillus bulgaricus,Lactobacillus rhamnosus,Bifidobacterium breve,Bifidobacterium infantis,Streptococcus thermophilus and fructooligosaccharides,all mixed in sachets)20 or 200 mg/kg body weight,respectively.After 30 days,the testis,prostate,seminal vesicle and cerebellum were removed,fixed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin(H&E).The Johnsen score was used to classify spermatogenesis.Cavalieri's principle method was used to evaluate the total volume(in mm3)of the testes.The number of each intratubular cell type as well as intertubular Leydig cells in whole samples was measured using the physical dissector counting techniques.Stereological analysis and the grids were used to determine the volume of cerebellar layers as well as the Purkinje cell number.Results:The testis weight decreased significantly in the acrylamide-treated group compared to the other groups(P<0.001).The number of spermatogonia,spermatocytes,spermatids and Leydig cells in the acrylamide-treated group were significantly less compared to the control group(P<0.05),while they were increased significantly in the acrylamide+200 mg/kg probiotic group(P<0.05;P<0.01).The mean Johnsen score in the acrylamide-treated group was lower than in the control group(P<0.001).Acrylamide-induced changes including congestion,vacuolization in the secretory epithelial cells,and epithelial rupture were observed in the prostate and seminal vesicle.The volumes of cerebellar layers were decreased in the acrylamide group compared to the control group while recovered in both probiotic treated groups.Conclusions:Probiotic microorganisms alleviate acrylamide-induced toxicities against the reproductive and cerebellar tissues in rats.

National Approach to Premarital Diagnosis of Trait Thalassemia and Silent Carriers

Background: Major β-thalassemia occurs when impaired genes received by a neonate from the parents. In most of the parents, there are no apparent clinical manifestation and they just show some impairments in hematological indices. This study was designed to determine prevalence of minor and silent carries parents that have children suffering from major β-thalassemia, compare it with national protocol about prevention of thalassemia. Methods: A blood sample was taken from parents of all major thalassemic patients covered by TaleghaniHospitalin Gorgan (n = 195), CBC and Hemoglobin electrophoresis were done. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Amongst 196 parents one case have normal level of MCV, MCH, RBC, HbA, HbF and mentzer = 22.05 (0.51%) that diagnosed as alpha triplication/N by real time PCR, RFLP informative. The means of hematological indices were based on the national protocol. Conclusion: Present results showed that there are a few cases of thalassemia disorders with normal MCV, MCH, RBC, Mentzer index and Hb electrophoresis which could be missed in routine and pre-marital screening tests, resulted in a thalassemia child that it is possible in every screening test. Generally, indices were according to range of the national guideline.

Etiology of Pancytopenia in Tabriz Shahid Ghazi Hospital:A Cross-sectional Study in Iran

Objective:Pancytopenia is characterized by a reduction in all three types of blood cells:erythrocytes,leukocytes,and platelets.Pancytopenia is caused by a wide range of diseases,leading to diagnostic conundrums.These causes can range from drug reactions to life-threatening diseases such as aplastic anemia and leukemia.This study aims to investigate the causes of pancytopenia,specifically focusing on age and gender differences among patients.Methods:This cross-sectional study includes patients of all ages diagnosed with pancytopenia,as indicated by a CBC/H1 showing a WBC count less than 4,000/μL,platelet count less than 150,000/μL,and hemoglobin levels below 12 g/dL in women and less than 13 g/dL in men.The study only included patients with pancytopenia who underwent bone marrow examination and were not subjected to chemotherapy or radiation therapy.Results:A total of 133 patients with pancytopenia were included in the study.The average age was 47.35±17.62 years old,with 66%of the participants being male and 34%being female.Acute leukemia,specifically acute myeloid leukemia(AML)and acute lymphoid leukemia(ALL),was identified as the primary cause of pancytopenia,accounting for 31.5%of cases.Megaloblastic anemia was the second most common cause,accounting for 30%of cases,followed by aplastic anemia at 7.5%.Conclusion:Pancytopenia,a condition marked by the decrease in both erythrocytes and leukocytes as well as thrombocytes,can arise from a myriad of causes.The main findings of this study revealed that megaloblastic anemia,acute myeloid leukemia(AML),and acute lymphoid leukemia(ALL)were the most common causes.Significantly,a considerable proportion of cases of pancytopenia can be attributed to acute leukemia.Hence,expeditious and accurate diagnosis is imperative and has the potential to save lives in such cases.

An overview of the physiopathology and various treatment strategies for polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS),a common endocrine disorder with metabolic and reproductive consequences,affects a significant percentage of women of reproductive age.Because of its complexity and impact on the quality of life,PCOS requires timely diagnosis and screening for complications.The most common clinical manifestations of PCOS are hirsutism,hyperandrogenism,acne,irregular cycles,amenorrhea,and anovulation.Although PCOS has different clinical manifestations in women,hyperandrogenism,and anovulation are the most common symptoms.A good medical history,examination,blood tests,and ultrasound findings facilitate the diagnosis of PCOS.Novel treatments have also undergone clinical trials to improve the symptoms of PCOS.However,comprehensive review articles investigating the different communities of this disease are limited,and this review aimed to collect data on the different etiologies of PCOS along with the latest diagnostic methods and the most common and up-to-date treatments for this disease.

Febrile neutropenia:Clinical approach to a controversial presentation of the COVID-19 era

COVID-19 infection has been linked with a wide range of clinical manifestations.Since the beginning of the pandemic,the landscape of COVID-19 management has undergone ongoing adaptations to comply with the latest available evidence,especially for vulnerable populations such as cancer patients.

Epigenetic mechanisms as a new approach in cancer treatment:An updated review

Epigenetic,along with genetic mechanisms,is essential for natural evolution and maintenance of specific patterns of gene expression in mammalians.Global epigenetic variation is inherited somatically and unlike genetic variation,it is dynamic and reversible.They are somatically associated with known genetic variations.Recent studies indicate the broad role of epigenetic mechanisms in the initiation and development of cancers,that they are including DNA methylation,histone modifications,nucleosomes changes,non-coding RNAs.The reversible nature of epigenetic changes has led to the emergence of novel epigenetic therapeutic approaches,so that several types of these medications have been approved by the FDA so far.In this review,we discuss the concept of epigenetic changes in diseases,especially cancers,the role of these changes in the onset and progression of cancers and the potential of using this knowledge in designing novel therapeutic strategies.

Oncolytic viruses:A novel treatment strategy for breast cancer

Breast cancer,an unceasingly occurring neoplasm,is one of the major determinants of mortality in women.Several ineffective attempts have been pursued using with conventional therapies against breast cancer.Resistance to existing therapies and their respective debilitating adverse effects have led research toward a new era of cancer treatment using viruses.Virotherapy constitutes a developing treatment modality with multiple mechanisms of therapeutic activity in which the viruses can be directly oncolyticand can express transgenes or induce host immune response against tumor cells.Several different DNA-and RNA-containing viruses have been considered for virotherapy of breast cancer including adenovirus,herpes virus,vaccinia,reovirus,Newcastle Disease virus,measles virus and vesicular stomatitis virus.This review aims to summarize the viro-therapeutical agents against breast malignancies.Key Scientific Concepts of Review:In this review paper,we proposed a new strategy to virus's combinatorial treatments using several kinds of transgenes and drugs.These recombinant viruses have provided evidence of treatment efficacy against human breast cancer.