PCIM, A Bridge Connecting China and World Power Electronics Industry ——Interview with Mr·Udo Weller,president of Mesago PCIM and Dr·Lorenz, General Chair of PCIM China [Honorary advisor of power Electronics]

PCIM China, international conference and exhibition for power electronics, was held in Shanghai on March 21, 2006. PCIM is one of the most authoritative organizations and has won good reputation overseas for a long time.

Borderline lepromatous leprosy:A case report

Rationale:Lepromatous leprosy can have many atypical presentations,obscuring early diagnosis.We present a case of lepromatous leprosy,presenting with atypical features,which made a diagnostic dilemma.Patient concerns:A 48-year-old man presented with bilateral lower limb oedema and scaly“ichthyosis like”skin rash in both hands and feet,hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia,over a course of three months,without any classical features of leprosy.A skin biopsy revealed an unexpected diagnosis of borderline lepromatous leprosy.Diagnosis:Lepromatous leprosy.Interventions:Multi-drug regimen treatment with rifampicin,dapsone and clofazimine for lepromatous leprosy.Outcomes:The patient made a good clinical recovery.Lessons:In endemic settings,clinicians should be aware of similar atypical manifestations of leprosy to face the global challenge of eradicating this chronic deforming disease.

High-Speed Rail＂ Opportunities and Threats

The objective of this article is to analyze the impacts that changes in society may have on high-speed rail （HSR） activity and development. We are now in a transitional period between the second and the third industrial revolutions, as described by Rifkin [1 ]. The new revolution emerged from beneath the surface at least 15 years ago, and will take at least another 15 years to be fully fledged. Such a long transitional period is the result of many worldwide evolutions initiated by two main causes-the digital revolution and global climate warming-and we must confess to our inability to forecast their final outcomes. Thus, we have a strong motivation to try to understand what is at stake and to unravel the various trends and breaks that are presently active in the open as well as under cover. No field of activity will be shielded from the coming tsunami of change. The railway community is naturally involved in this irresist- ible move. Will HSR benefit or suffer from it？ What attitude should we adopt in order to turn threats into opportunities？

Diagnostic imaging and radiation exposure in inflammatorybowel disease

Diagnostic imaging plays a key role in the diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD). However due to the relapsing nature of IBD, there is growing concern that IBD patients may be exposed to potentially harmful cumulative levels of ionising radiation in their lifetime, increasing malignant potential in a population already at risk. In this review we explore the proportion of IBD patients exposed to high cumulative radiation doses, the risk factors associated with higher radiation exposures, and we compare conventional diagnostic imaging with newer radiation-free imaging techniques used in the evaluation of patients with IBD. While computed tomography(CT) performs well as an imaging modality for IBD, the effective radiation dose is considerably higher than other abdominal imaging modalities. It is increasingly recognised that CT imaging remains responsible for the majority of diagnostic medical radiation to which IBD patients are exposed. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and small intestine contrast enhanced ultrasonography(SICUS) have now emerged as suitable radiation-free alternatives to CT imaging, with comparable diagnostic accuracy. The routine use of MRI and SICUS for the clinical evaluation of patients with known or suspected small bowel Crohn's disease is to be encouraged wherever possible. More provision is needed for out-of-hours radiation-free imaging modalities to reduce the need for CT.

The Current Status of Physical Therapy in China

The current health system in China has evolved by embracing both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. China is the only country in the world where the number of doctors is larger than the number of nurses but education programmes for other health professions like physical therapy have been slow to develop. In the case of physical therapy it was not until China won the bid for the Olympic Games that permission to establish the first physical therapy programme was granted. Since then China has undergone a period of rapid economic growth enabling many people to have a higher standard of living and improved health, but at the same time the country is faced with massive urbanization, industrialization, increasing environmental health threats, increased health disparities and an aging population. With the support of the Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine, an increased investment by the Government in public health and rehabilitation and engagement of international education experts, entry-level education programmes for physical therapy have started to develop and there are now nine which are modeled, at least to some extent, on the World Confederation for Physical Therapy's international guidelines. The paper explores the development of physical therapy education in China and discusses possible options for the way forward so that as the demand for physical therapy to service 1.4 billion people grows, the profession is prepared and the standards expected of the entrylevel physical therapist will not be compromised.

Laboratory Observations on Internal Solitary Wave Evolution over A Submarine Ridge

Laboratory experiments were conducted in a wave flume on internal solitary wave （ISW） of depression and elevation types propagating over a submarine ridge in semicircular/triangular shape. Tests were arranged in series for combinations of submarine ridges of different heights and ISW of different amplitudes. The resuhant wave motions were found differing from thee of surface gravity waves. In deeper water, where an ISW of depression-type prevailed, the process of wave breaking displayed downward motion with continuous eddy on the front face of the ridge followed by upward motion towards the apex of the obstacle. Experimental results also suggested that blockage parameter ξ could be applied to classify various degrees of ISW-ridge interaction, i.e., ξ 〈 0.5 for weak interaction, 0.5 〈 ξ 〈 0.7 for moderate interaction, and 0.7 〈 ξ for wave breaking.

Active Support of Power System to Energy Transition

According to the International Renewable Energy Agency,energy transition is the pathway of the transformation of the global energy sector from the current fossil-based energy to renewable-based energy,with zerocarbon emission by the second half of the 21st century.One of the technological areas that is key in ensuring a successful energy transition is sector coupling,in which the characteristics of each sector are further developed and exploited by other energy systems in order to ensure energy ade-quacy and security over both short-and long-time spans.Electric-ity-as one of the most important energy carriers discovered by humans-plays a central role in modern society due to its conve-nience and efficiency in production and conversion to other types of energy.Therefore,it can be envisaged that the power system.

Treatment of duodenal ulceration with Furazolidine in China preceded the discovery of its association with H pylori

It is not generally known that patients with duodenal ulceration were being treated with an antibiotic, Furazolidone, in China five or more years before Marshall and Warren published their seminal paper in 1984 about the association between duodenal ulceration and Campylobacter like organisms in the stomach, later named Hpylori. Marshall and Warren won the 2005 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for their work on how a bacterium can relate to gastric inflammation or peptic ulceration.

Changes in Typhoon Regional Heavy Precipitation Events over China from 1960 to 2018

In earlier studies,objective techniques have been used to determine the contribution of tropical cyclones to precipitation(TCP)in a region,where the Tropical cyclone Precipitation Event(TPE)and the Regional Heavy Precipitation Events(RHPEs)are defined and investigated.In this study,TPE and RHPEs are combined to determine the Typhoon Regional Heavy Precipitation Events(TRHPEs),which is employed to evaluate the contribution of tropical cyclones to regional extreme precipitation events.Based on the Objective Identification Technique for Regional Extreme Events(OITREE)and the Objective Synoptic Analysis Technique(OSAT)to define TPE,temporal and spatial overlap indices are developed to identify the combined events as TRHPE.With daily precipitation data and TC best-track data over the western North Pacific from 1960 to 2018,86 TRHPEs have been identified.TRHPEs contribute as much as 20%of the RHPEs,but100%of events with extreme individual precipitation intensities.The major TRHPEs continued for approximately a week after tropical cyclone landfall,indicating a role of post landfall precipitation.The frequency and extreme intensity of TRHPEs display increasing trends,consistent with an observed positive trend in the mean intensity of TPEs as measured by the number of daily station precipitation observations exceeding 100 mm and 250 mm.More frequent landfalling Southeast and South China TCs induced more serious impacts in coastal areas in the Southeast and the South during 1990-2018 than1960-89.The roles of cyclone translation speed and"shifts"in cyclone tracks are examined as possible explanations for the temporal trends.

Molecular and cellular changes in the post-traumatic spinal cord remodeling after autoinfusion of a genetically-enriched leucoconcentrate in a mini-pig model

Post-traumatic spinal cord remodeling includes both degenerating and regenerating processes,which affect the potency of the functional recovery after spinal cord injury(SCI).Gene therapy for spinal cord injury is proposed as a promising therapeutic strategy to induce positive changes in remodeling of the affected neural tissue.In our previous studies for delivering the therapeutic genes at the site of spinal cord injury,we developed a new approach using an autologous leucoconcentrate transduced ex vivo with chimeric adenoviruses(Ad5/35)carrying recombinant cDNA.In the present study,the efficacy of the intravenous infusion of an autologous genetically-enriched leucoconcentrate simultaneously producing recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF),and neural cell adhesion molecule(NCAM)was evaluated with regard to the molecular and cellular changes in remodeling of the spinal cord tissue at the site of damage in a model of mini-pigs with moderate spinal cord injury.Experimental animals were randomly divided into two groups of 4 pigs each:the therapeutic(infused with the leucoconcentrate simultaneously transduced with a combination of the three chimeric adenoviral vectors Ad5/35‐VEGF165,Ad5/35‐GDNF,and Ad5/35‐NCAM1)and control groups(infused with intact leucoconcentrate).The morphometric and immunofluorescence analysis of the spinal cord regeneration in the rostral and caudal segments according to the epicenter of the injury in the treated animals compared to the control mini-pigs showed:(1)higher sparing of the grey matter and increased survivability of the spinal cord cells(lower number of Caspase-3-positive cells and decreased expression of Hsp27);(2)recovery of synaptophysin expression;(3)prevention of astrogliosis(lower area of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1-positive microglial cells);(4)higher growth rates of regeneratingβIII-tubulin-positive axons accompanied by a higher number of oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2-positive oligodendroglial cells in the lateral corticospinal tract region.These results revealed the efficacy of intravenous infusion of the autologous genetically-enriched leucoconcentrate producing recombinant VEGF,GDNF,and NCAM in the acute phase of spinal cord injury on the positive changes in the post-traumatic remodeling nervous tissue at the site of direct injury.Our data provide a solid platform for a new ex vivo gene therapy for spinal cord injury and will facilitate further translation of regenerative therapies in clinical neurology.

Animal Nutrition and Feed Science

1.引言动物营养和饲料科学学科可简单地分为以下两类:(1)研究动物对特定吸收物质的数量和平衡的生理需求(即营养需求);(2)天然植物和动物产品或合成物质提供全部或部分营养物质的能力(即饲料组成和营养成分利用率)。为了平衡饲料供应以满足动物的需求。

Group psychological intervention for maternal depression: A nested qualitative study from Karachi, Pakistan

AIM To understand the experience of maternal depression, the factors implicated in accessing health, and the acceptability of the psychosocial intervention. METHODS The participants were recruited from the paediatrics outpatient department of Civil Hospital Karachi, Pakistan. The study started in December 2009 and completed in December 2010. Women with maternal depression, aged 18-44 years with children aged 0-30 mo who had received nutritional supplements, and participated in the intervention programme [called Learning through Play(LTP) plus] were included in the study. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 8 participants before the intervention and 7 participants after the intervention. A semi structured topic guide was used to conduct the interviews.RESULTS Framework analysis procedures were used to analyse the qualitative data. Four themes emerged:(1) the women's contextual environment: Interpersonal conflicts, lack of social support and financial issues being the major barriers in assessing healthcare;(2) women's isolation and powerlessness within the environment: Sense of loneliness was identified as a restricting factor to access healthcare;(3) the impact of the intervention(LTP-Plus): Women felt "listened to" and seemed empowered; and(4) empowered transformed women within the same contextual environment: The facilitator provided a "gardening role" in nurturing the women resulting in a positive transformation within the same environment. The women's homes seemed to be more happy homes and there was a positive change in their behaviour towards their children.CONCLUSION Findings informed the further development and testing of culturally-appropriate psychosocial intervention(LTP^+) for addressing maternal depression.

Risk profile and outcomes of aortic valve replacement in octogenarians

AIM: To investigate the patient characteristics, relationship between the Logistic EuroSCORE (LES) and the observed outcomes in octogenarians who underwent surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR). METHODS: Two hundred and seventy three octogenarians underwent AVR between 1996 and 2008 at Bristol Royal Inf irmary. Demographics, acute outcomes,length of hospital stay and mortality were obtained. The LES was calculated to characterize the predicted operative risk. Two groups were def ined: LES ≥ 15 (n = 80) and LES < 15 (n = 193). RESULTS: In patients with LES ≥ 15, 30 d mortality was 14% (95% CI: 7%-23%) compared with 4% (95% CI: 2%-8%) in the LES < 15 group (P < 0.007). Despite the increase in number of operations from 1996 to 2008, the average LES did not change. Only 5% of patients had prior bypass surgery. The LES identifi ed a low risk quartile of patients with a very low mortality (4%, n = 8, P < 0.007) at 30 d. The overall surgical results for octogenarians were excellent. The low risk group had an excellent outcome and the high risk group had a poor outcome after surgical AVR. CONCLUSION: It may be better treated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Revisiting the Curie-Von Schweidler Law for Dielectric Relaxation and Derivation of Distribution Function for Relaxation Rates as Zipf’s Power Law and Manifestation of Fractional Differential Equation for Capacitor

The classical power law relaxation, i.e. relaxation of current with inverse of power of time for a step-voltage excitation to dielectric—as popularly known as Curie-von Schweidler law is empirically derived and is observed in several relaxation experiments on various dielectrics studies since late 19th Century. This relaxation law is also regarded as “universal-law” for dielectric relaxations;and is also termed as power law. This empirical Curie-von Schewidler relaxation law is then used to derive fractional differential equations describing constituent expression for capacitor. In this paper, we give simple mathematical treatment to derive the distribution of relaxation rates of this Curie-von Schweidler law, and show that the relaxation rate follows Zipf’s power law distribution. We also show the method developed here give Zipfian power law distribution for relaxing time constants. Then we will show however mathematically correct this may be, but physical interpretation from the obtained time constants distribution are contradictory to the Zipfian rate relaxation distribution. In this paper, we develop possible explanation that as to why Zipfian distribution of relaxation rates appears for Curie-von Schweidler Law, and relate this law to time variant rate of relaxation. In this paper, we derive appearance of fractional derivative while using Zipfian power law distribution that gives notion of scale dependent relaxation rate function for Curie-von Schweidler relaxation phenomena. This paper gives analytical approach to get insight of a non-Debye relaxation and gives a new treatment to especially much used empirical Curie-von Schweidler (universal) relaxation law.

The Progress and Grand Challenge of Urbanization in China

This article presents a brief review of the process and grand challenge of urbanization in China today. 1. Chinas urbanization amid high economic growth Over the past few decades, China＇s economy has maintained rapid growth, with an average annual gross domestic product （GDP） growth rate of more than 10% （Fig. 1 [1 ]）. In recent years, the Chinese economy has entered a ＂new normal,＂ in which the GDP growth rate has slowed but remained stable at around 7%.

竞逐试验区：鲶鱼效应？骨牌效应？

继2006年6月天津滨海新区晚于上海浦东新区一年，成为国务院正式批准的第二个国家综合配套改革试验区（以下简称“试验区”），现阶段，围绕何时何地成为第三个试验区。或以城市名义申报，或以城市群联袂出手；有的在已经举行的十届全国人大五次会议上提交议案，有的则透过各类媒体大造“比较优势”。

Origin of the Caribbean Plate Conference Siguenza, Spain, May 29-June 2, 2006

An international research conference, entitled ＂Geology of the area between North and South America, with focus on the origin of the Caribbean Plate＂, took place in Siguenza, Spain, from May 29-June 2, 2006. Fifty five people from 11 countries attended the meeting, which was chaired by Drs. Albert W. Bally, Mafia Antonieta Lorente and David G. Roberts. Siguenza authorities and volunteers lent a great deal of enthusiastic support, while BP, Repsol, Shell, Statoil and SEPM provided financial encouragement.

Strongyloidiasis:a case report with its lessons and rare facts about the disease

Strongyloidiasis is endemic to the entire inter-tropical zone.Newly infected people are the most prone to experience the symptoms of this intestinal nematodosis.In this article,a 38-year old German citizen consulted for bowel movement disturbances and dyspepsia as well as diffuse and erratic pruritus,and was finally diagnosed with to have strongylodiasis is presented and discussed.