Nonlinear Diffusion and Transient Osmosis

We investigate both analytically and numerically the concentration dynamics of a solution in two containers connected by a narrow and short channel, in which diffusion obeys a porous medium equation. We also consider the variation of the pressure in the containers due to the flow of matter in the channel. In particular, we identify a phenomenon, which depends on the transport of matter across nano-porous membranes, which we call ＂transient osmosis＂. We find that nonlinear diffusion of the porous medium equation type allows numerous different osmotic-like phenomena, which are not present in the case of ordinary Fickian diffusion. Experimental results suggest one possible candidate for transiently osmotic processes.

The Way to Quench:Galaxy Evolution in A2142

We show how the star formation activity of galaxies is progressively inhibited from the outer region to the center of the massive cluster A2142.From an extended spectroscopic redshift survey of 2239 galaxies covering a circular area of radius~11 Mpc from the cluster center,we extract a sample of 333 galaxies with known stellar mass,star formation rate,and spectral index D_(n)4000.We use the Blooming Tree algorithm to identify the substructures of the cluster and separate the galaxy sample into substructure galaxies,halo galaxies,and outskirt galaxies.The substructure and halo galaxies are cluster members,whereas the outskirt galaxies are only weakly gravitationally bound to the cluster.For the cluster members,the star formation rate per stellar mass decreases with decreasing distance R from the cluster center.Similarly,the spectral index D_(n)4000 increases with R,indicating an increasing average age of the stellar population in galaxies closer to the cluster center.In addition,star formation in substructure galaxies is generally more active than in halo galaxies and less active than in outskirt galaxies,proving that substructures tend to slow down the transition between field galaxies and cluster galaxies.We finally show that most actively star-forming galaxies are within the cluster infall region,whereas most galaxies in the central region are quiescent.

A model to explain the angular distribution of J/Ψ and Ψ(2S) decay into ■ and ■

BESⅢ data show a particular angular distribution for the decay of J/Ψ and Ψ(2 S) mesons into ■ and Σ~0Σ~0 hyperons: the angular distribution of the decay Ψ(2 S) →Σ~0Σ~0 exhibits an opposite trend with respect to the other three channels: J/Ψ→■, J/Ψ→Σ~0Σ~0 and Ψ(2 S) →■. We define a model to explain the origin of this phenomenon.

On the Foundations of Statistical Mechanics: Ergodicity, Many Degrees of Freedom and Inference

We review the main aspects of the foundations of statistical mechanics. In particular we explain why many degrees of freedom are necessary, while chaos(in the sense of positive Lyapunov exponents) is only marginally relevant,for the emergence of statistical laws in macroscopic systems.

Chapter 3 Extra-galactic gamma-ray sources

Extra-galactic gammaray sources,such as gamma-ray bursts,active galactic nuclei,starburst galaxies,are interesting and important targets for LHAASO observations.In this chapter,the prospects of detecting these sources with LHAASO and their physical implications are studied.The upgrade plan for the Water Cherenkov Detector Array(WCDA),which aims to enhance the detectability of relatively lower energy photons,is also presented.In addition,a study on constraining the extragalactic background light with LHAASO observation of blazars is presented.

SMEFT is falsifiable through multi-Higgs measurements(even in the absence of new light particles)

By embedding the Standard Model effective field theory(SMEFT) in the more general Higgs effective field theory(HEFT), we expose correlations among the coefficients of the latter that, if found to be violated in future data, would lead to the experimental falsification of the SMEFT framework. These are derived from the necessary symmetric point of HEFT and analyticity of the SMEFT Lagrangian that allows the construction of the SMEFT expansion, as laid out by other groups, and properties at that point of the Higgs-flare function F(h) coupling Goldstone and Higgs bosons, of the Higgs potential V(h) and of the Higgs-top quark coupling function G(h).

Reduction of Protein Networks Models by Passivity Preserving Projection

Reduction of complex protein networks models is of great importance.The accuracy of a passivity preserving algorithm (PRIMA) for model order reduction (MOR) is here tested on protein networks,introducing innovative variations of the standard PRIMA method to fit the problem at hand.The reduction method does not require to solve the complete system,resulting in a promising tool for studying very large-scale models for which the full solution cannot be computed.The mathematical structure of the considered kinetic equations is preserved.Keeping constant the reduction factor,the approximation error is lower for larger systems.

Holographic Duals of Quark Gluon Plasmas with Unquenched Flavors

We review the construction of gravitational solutions holographically dual to N=1 quiver gauge theories with dynamical flavor multiplets.We focus on the D3-D7 construction and consider the finite temperature,finite quark chemical potential case where there is a charged black hole in the dual solution.Discussed physical outputs of the model include its thermodynamics (with susceptibilities) and general hydrodynamic properties.

Sieving of H_2 and D_2 Through End-to-End Nanotubes

We study the quantum molecular sieving of H2 and D2 through two nanotubes placed end-to-end. An analytic treatment, assuming that the particles have classical motion along the axis of the nanotube and are confined in a potential well in the radial direction, is considered. Using this idealistic model, and under certain conditions, it is found that this device can act as a complete sieve, allowing chemically pure deuterium to be isolated from an isotope mixture. We also consider a more realistic model of two carbon nanotubes and carry out molecular dynamics simulations using a Feynman–Hibbs potential to model the quantum effects on the dynamics of H2 and D2. Sieving is also observed in this case, but is caused by a different process.

Latest results from GRAAL collaboration

The GRAAL experimental set-up consists of a polarized and tagged photon beam that covers an energy range from a minimum of 600 MeV up to a maximum of 1500 MeV, of a liquid Hydrogen or Deuterium target and of the 4π Lagrange detector optimized for photon detection. It allows the study of pseudo-scalar and vector meson photoproduCtion on the nucleon in the energy range corresponding to the second and the third resonance regions. In the following, the ∑ beam asymmetries in η and π0 photoproduction on quasi-free nucleon are shown. Also single and double polarization observables in K＋A photoproduction on free proton are shown; they are important to confirm the role of new or poorly known resonances in the 1900 MeV mass region.

Measurement of the integrated luminosity of the Phase 2 data of the Belle Ⅱ experiment

From April to July 2018,a data sample at the peak energy of the T(4 S) resonance was collected with the Belle Ⅱ detector at the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider.This is the first data sample of the Belle Ⅱ experiment.Using Bhabha and digamma events,we measure the integrated luminosity of the data sample to be(496.3±0.3±3.0) pb-1,where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.This work provides a basis for future luminosity measurements at Belle Ⅱ.