A Problem Not to Be Ignored: The Influencing Factors of Mobile Phone Addiction and Its Influence on Sleep Quality

Background and Objective: With the popularity and widespread use of mobile phones, the effects of mobile phone dependence and addiction on individuals’ physical and mental health have attracted more and more attention. The present study aims to analyze the current state of mobile phone addiction and its impact on sleep quality within the population, while also exploring the influence of related factors on sleep quality. Ultimately, this research will provide a scientific foundation for targeted intervention measures and strategies. Methods: A total of 253 permanent residents in Nanjing were randomly selected as study subjects. The Mobile Phone Addiction Index (MPAI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to evaluate the degree of smartphone addiction and sleep quality of the study subjects. Body mass index (BMI) was measured according to standardized procedures. Independent sample t-test, Chi-square test, rank sum test and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the correlation between mobile phone addiction and sleep quality, and P Results: 117 people (46.2%) were addicted to mobile phones. Chi-square test showed that the rate of mobile phone addiction in drinking group was significantly higher than that in non-drinking group (P P P P P P P P P P Conclusion: Mobile phone addiction may lead to shorter sleep duration and reduce sleep efficiency. The withdrawal of mobile phone addiction may have a negative impact on sleep quality. According to the characteristics of the population, appropriate comprehensive intervention measures should be taken to build an effective evaluation system, so as to reduce the impact of mobile phone addiction and withdrawal problems on sleep and improve sleep quality.

Temporal-spatial Analysis on Urban and Rural Drinking Water Health Monitoring of Tianjin in 2013

Objective Grasp quality and health status of drinking water, and provide scientific basis for decision making of health administrative de- partment. Method According to the Standards for Drinking Water Quality （ GB 5749 -2006）, monitoring results of Tianjin urban and rural drinking water health in 2013 were evaluated, and software SPSS 20.0 and GeoDa was used for temporal-spatial analysis on water quality. Result There were 2 882 copies of monitoring samples in total, in which both finished water and tap water of urban district were qualified, while qualified rates of tap water and secondary water supply from the county were respectively 86.36% and 93.91%, and major exceeding indexes were pH and total number of colonies. Qualified rates of tap water and secondary water supply from the county had difference（x2 = 1 576.875, P 〈0.01 ）. Quality of tap water（ X2 = 5.425, P 〉 0.05） and secondary water supply （X2 = 16.009, P 〉 0.05） was stable at temporal distribution （ January-December）, but spatial distribution of tap water had certain regional difference（x2 = 1 255.802, P 〈0.01 ）. Conclusion General quality situation of Tianjin urban and rural drinking water was better, but qualified rate of water quality in some counties was lower, which had safety risk and threatened the health of residents in the corresponding county. The related departments should enhance the supervision and management of drinking water supply, im- prove supply water quality, strengthen water quality monitoring, and guarantee drinking water safety. Geographic information system can better real- ize visualization of drinking water quality monitoring information.

Health Safety of Main Water Pipe Materials Supplied in China Market

Objective To assess the health safety of copper, steel and plastic water pipes by field water quality investigations. Methods Four consumers were randomly selected for each type of water pipes. Two consumers of every type of the water pipes had used the water pipes for more than 1 year and the other 2 consumers had used the water pipes for less than 3 months. The terminal volume of tap water in copper and steel water pipes should be not less than 0.1 liter, whereas that in plastic water pipes should be not less than 1 liter. Results The mean values of the experimental results in the second field water quality investigation of the copper and steel water pipes met the Sanitary Standards for Drinking Water Quality. The items of water sample of the plastic water pipes met the requirements of the Sanitary Standards for Drinking Water Quality. Conclusion Copper, steel, and plastic pipes can be used as drinking water pipes.

Characteristics of Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter(PM2.5)Induced Differentially Expressed Proteins Determined by Proteomics and Bioinformatics Analyses

Objective To screen the differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)in human bronchial epithelial cells(HBE)treated with atmospheric fine particulate matter(PM2.5).Methods HBE cells were treated with PM2.5 samples from Shenzhen and Taiyuan for 24 h.To detect overall protein expression,the Q Exactive mass spectrometer was used.Gene ontology(GO),Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG),and Perseus software were used to screen DEPs.Results Overall,67 DEPs were screened in the Shenzhen sample-treated group,of which 46 were upregulated and 21 were downregulated.In total,252 DEPs were screened in the Taiyuan sampletreated group,of which 134 were upregulated and 118 were downregulated.KEGG analysis demonstrated that DEPs were mainly enriched in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and HIF-1 signal pathways in Shenzhen PM2.5 samples-treated group.The GO analysis demonstrated that Shenzhen sample-induced DEPs were mainly involved in the biological process for absorption of various metal ions and cell components.The Taiyuan PM2.5-induced DEPs were mainly involved in biological processes of protein aggregation regulation and molecular function of oxidase activity.Additionally,three important DEPs,including ANXA2,DIABLO,and AIMP1,were screened.Conclusion Our findings provide a valuable basis for further evaluation of PM2.5-associated carcinogenesis.

Excretion and detection of SARS coronavirus and its nucleic acid from digestive system

AIM： To study whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus （SARS-CoV） could be excreted from digestive system.METHODS： Cell culture and semi-nested RT-PCR were used to detect SARS-CoV and its RNA from 21 stool and urine samples, and a kind of electropositive filter media particles was used to concentrate the virus in 10 sewage samples from two hospitals receiving SAILS patients in Beijing in China. RESULTS： It was demonstrated that there was no live SARS-CoV in all samples collected, but the RNA of SARS-CoV could be detected in seven stool samples from SARS patients with any one of the symptoms of fever, malaise, cough, or dyspnea, in 10 sewage samples before disinfection and 3 samples after disinfection from the two hospitals. The RNA could not be detected in urine and stool samples from patients recovered from SARS.CONCLUSION： Nucleic acid of SARS-CoV can be excreted through the stool of patients into sewage system, and the possibility of SARS-CoV transmitting through digestive system cannot be excluded.

Characteristic and effect analysis of protein and peptide in Cantonese cured meat processing

The aim of this work was to explore the physicochemical and structural properties,lipid oxidation and antioxidant capacity of the peptides extracted from Cantonese cured meat and as well as to investigate the effect of drying time on the sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins of Cantonese cured meat.The results suggested that salting out,protein oxidation and heat treatment were closely related to surface hydrophobicity and the secondary structure of peptides was changed by processing.And the peroxide value and the value of tributyltin compounds were different in evaluating the degree of lipid oxidation.Glu and His were the major amino acid.The approximate molecular weights of the sarcoplasmic proteins and myofibrillar proteins ranged from 31 kDa to 50 kDa and 66 kDa,respectively.The results indicated that reducing the levels of protein oxidation and improvement of the antioxidant properties should be of great interest to preserve the nutritional quality of meat products and prolong preservation period.

In vitro screening of traditionally used medicinal plants in China against Enteroviruses

AIM： To search for new antiviral agents from traditional Chinese medicine, specifically anti-enterovirosuses agents. METHODS： The aqueous extracts （AE） of more than 100 traditionally used medicinal plants in China were evaluated for their in vitro anti-Coxsackie virus B3 activities with a MTT-based colorimetric assay. RESULTS： The test for AE of 16 plants exhibited anti- Coxsackie virus B3 activities at different magnitudes of potency. They can inhibit three steps （inactivation, adsorption and replication） during the infection. Among the 16 plants, Sargentodoxa cuneata （Oliv.） Rehd. et Wils., Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep., Paeonia veitchii Lynch, Spatholobus suberectus Dunn. and Cyrtorniurn fortunei J, sm. also have activity against other enterovirus, including Coxsackie virus 135, Polio virus I, Echo virus 9 and Echo virus 29. Cell cytotoxic assay demonstrated that all tested AE had CC50 values higher than their EC50 values. CONCLUSION： The sixteen traditionally used medicinal plants in China possessed antMral activity, and some of them merit further investigations.

Directed Molecular Evolution of Nitrite Oxido-reductase by DNA-shuffling

Objective To devellop directly molecular evolution Of nitrite oxido-reductase using DNA-shuffling technique because nitrobacteria grow extremelly slow and are unable to nitrify effectively inorganic nitrogen in wastewater treatmem. Methods The norB gene coding the ntitrite oxido-reductase in nitrobacteria was cloned and sequenced. Then, directed molecular evolution of nitrite oxido-reductase was developed by DNA-shuffling of 15 norB genes from different nitrobacteria. Results After DNA-shuffling with sexual PeR and staggered extension process PCR, the sequence was differem from its parental DNA fragmems and the homology ranged from 98% to 99%. The maximum nitrification rate of the modified bacterium of X16 by DNA-shuffling was up to 42.9 mg/L.d, which was almost 10 times higher than that of its parental bacteria. Furthermore, the modified bacterium had the same characteristics of its parental bacteria of E. coli and could grow rapidly in normal cultures. Conclusion DNA-shuffling was successfully used to engineer E. coli, which had norB gene and could degrade inorganic nitrogen effectively.

PM2.5-induced Alterations of Gene Expression in HBE Cells Revealed by Gene Chip Analysis

PM2.5 are fine inhalable particles with diameters that are generally 2.5 micrometers and smaller and are characterized by a small particle size,a large surface area,and a strong toxin absorption ability[1-3].PM2.5 contains heavy metals and organic pollutants that are harmful to human health and exert carcinogenic,teratogenic,and mutagenic effects[4-7].PM2.5 has been classified as a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)[2].The economy has developed rapidly making air pollution a serious environmental health problem in China.The purpose of this study was to explore the differentially expressed genes and pathways after a PM2.5 exposure in the human bronchial epithelial(HBE)cells via gene chip technology and bioinformatics analysis.

Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of BiPO4 Photocatalyst by Surface Modification of Fe(Ⅲ)Cocatalyst

Metal ions like Fe（Ⅲ） were testified to be efficient co-photocatalyst in the field of environmental governance. Hence, a series of BiPO_4/Fe（Ⅲ） materials were prepared via a hydrothermal method and impregnation. The experimental results indicated that normal organic dye was effectively removed by BiPO_4 with the presence of Fe（Ⅲ） as a co-photocatalyst. The enhanced removal mechanism was attributed to the easy transfer of photo-induced electron-hole pairs and relatively high productivity of active redical by synergism of Fe（Ⅲ）.

Role of inflammatory lipid and fatty acid metabolic abnormalities induced by plastic additives exposure in childhood asthma

Lipid metabolism play an essential role in occurrence and development of asthma,and it can be disturbed by phthalate esters(PAEs)and organophosphate fame retardants(OPFRs).As a chronic infammatory respiratory disease,the occurrence risk of childhood asthma is increased by PAEs and OPFRs exposure,but it remains not entirely clear how PAEs and OPFRs contribute the onset and progress of the disease.We have profiled the serum levels of PAEs and OPFRs congeners by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry,and its relationships with the dysregulation of lipid metabolism in asthmatic,bronchitic(acute infammation)and healthy(non-infammation)children.Eight PAEs and nine OPFRs congeners were found in the serum of children(1–5 years old)from Shenzhen,and their total median levels were 615.16 ng/m L and 17.06 ng/m L,respectively.Moreover,the serum levels of mono-methyl phthalate(MMP),tri-propyl phosphate(TPP)and tri-n-butyl phosphate(TNBP)were significant higher in asthmatic children than in healthy and bronchitic children as control.Thirty-one characteristic lipids and fatty acids of asthma were screened by machine-learning random forest model based on serum lipidome data,and the alterations of infammatory characteristic lipids and fatty acids including palmitic acids,12,13-Di HODE,14,21-Di HDHA,prostaglandin D2 and Lyso PA(18:2)showed significant correlated with high serum levels of MMP,TPP and TNBP.These results imply PAEs and OPFRs promote the occurrence of childhood asthma via disrupting infammatory lipid and fatty acid metabolism,and provide a novel sight for better understanding the effects of plastic additives on childhood asthma.

Freeze-induced acceleration of iodide oxidation and consequent iodination of dissolved organic matter to form organoiodine compounds

Freeze-induced acceleration of I–oxidation and the consequent iodination of dissolved organic matter(DOM)contribute to the formation of organoiodine compounds(OICs)in cold regions.The formed OICs may be a potentially important source of risk and are very closely with the environment and human health.Herein,we investigated the acceleration effects of the freeze process on I–oxidation and the formation of OICs.In comparison to reactive iodine species(RIS)formed in aqueous solutions,I–oxidation and RIS formation were greatly enhanced in frozen solution and were affected by pH,and the content of I–and O_(2).Freeze-thaw process further promoted I–oxidation and the concentration of RIS reached 45.7μmol/L after 6 freeze-thaw cycles.The consequent products of DOM iodination were greatly promoted in terms of both concentration and number.The total content of OICs ranged from 0.02 to 2.83μmol/L under various conditions.About 183–1197 OICs were detected by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry,and more than 96.2%contained one or two iodine atoms.Most OICs had aromatic structures and were formed via substitution and addition reactions.Our findings reveal an important formation pathway for OICs and shed light on the biogeochemical cycling of iodine in the natural aquatic environment.

Migration mechanism and risk assessment of perand polyfluoroalkyl substances in the Ya'Er Lake oxidation pond area,China

The migration mechanisms,sources,and environmental risks of 29 legacy and emerging perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl species present in an oxidation pond(Ya'Er Lake)were investigated for treating sewage based on the analysis of their occurrence and distribution.The concentration of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)in pond area was between0.30 and 63.2 ng/g dw(dry weight),with the overall average concentration of 8.00 ng/g dw.Notably,the PFAS concentrations in the surface sediments near the sewage outlet in Pond-1(50.2 ng/g dw)and Pond-5(average 15.1 ng/g dw)were 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than those in other areas.In general,the legacy PFAS,i.e.,perfluorooctane sulfonic acid was considered to be the major pollutant in the polluted area,on average,accounting for 73.0%of the total concentration of PFAS pollutants.By evaluating the regional distribution of different PFAS homologs,the short-chain PFAS pollutants with lower K_(ow)were found to migrate farther in both horizontal and vertical directions.The sewage outlets in Pond-1 and Pond-5are the main pollution sources in polluted area and the emerging PFAS pollutants in Pond-5have replaced the legacy PFAS pollutants as the main pollutants.Based on positive matrix factorization analysis,three main industrial sources of PFAS pollutants in the study area were identified:protective coating,fire-fighting,and food packaging sources.Moreover,the environmental risk assessment results showed that most study areas exhibited medium environmental risk(0.01≤Risk quotient(RQ)<1),indicating that the ecological environment risks in this area need further attention.

Water chemistry controlled aggregation and photo-transformation of silver nanoparticles in environmental waters

The inevitable release of engineered silver nanoparticles（Ag NPs） into aquatic environments has drawn great concerns about its environmental toxicity and safety. Although aggregation and transformation play crucial roles in the transport and toxicity of Ag NPs, how the water chemistry of environmental waters influences the aggregation and transformation of engineered Ag NPs is still not well understood. In this study, the aggregation of polyvinylpyrrolidone（PVP） coated Ag NPs was investigated in eight typical environmental water samples（with different ionic strengths, hardness, and dissolved organic matter（DOM） concentrations） by using UV–visible spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. Raman spectroscopy was applied to probe the interaction of DOM with the surface of Ag NPs. Further, the photo-transformation and morphology changes of Ag NPs in environmental waters were studied by UV–visible spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and transmission electron microscopy. The results suggested that both electrolytes（especially Ca2＋and Mg2＋） and DOM in the surface waters are key parameters for Ag NP aggregation, and sunlight could accelerate the morphology change, aggregation, and further sedimentation of Ag NPs. This water chemistry controlled aggregation and photo-transformation should have significant environmental impacts on the transport and toxicity of Ag NPs in the aquatic environments.

Hydroxyl radical formation upon dark oxidation of reduced iron minerals: Effects of iron species and environmental factors

Dark formation of hydroxyl radical upon oxidation of reduced iron minerals plays an important role in the degradation and transformation of organic and inorganic pollutants.Herein,we compared the hydroxyl radical formation from various reduced iron minerals at different redox conditions.·OH production was generally observed from the oxidation of reduced iron minerals,following the order:mackinawite(FeS)>reduced nontronite(iron-bearing smectite clay)> pyrite(FeS2)> side rite(FeCO3).Structural Fe^2+ and dissolved O2 play critical roles in ·OH production from reduced iron minerals.·OH production increases with decreasing pH,and Cl^-has little effect on this process.More importantly,dissolved organic matter significantly enhances ·OH production,especially under O2 purging,highlighting the importance of this process in ambient environments.This sunlight-independent pathway in which ’OH forms during oxidation of reduced iron minerals is helpful for understanding the degradation and transformation of various inorganic and organic pollutants in the redox-fluctuation environments.

Is there a silver lining? Aggregation and photo-transformation of silver nanoparticles in environmental waters

The nanotechnology industry advances rapidly,and at the vanguard are the promising silver nanoparticles（Ag NPs）,which have diverse applications.These nanometer-sized particles have been shown to inhibit the ability of bacteria to produce adenosine triphosphate（ATP）,a molecule necessary for chemical energy transport in cells.The antimicrobial properties of Ag NPs（and Ag＋）make them valued antibacterial

Environmental Stability and Transmissibility of Enveloped Viruses at Varied Animate and Inanimate Interfaces

Enveloped viruses have been the leading causative agents of viral epidemics in the past decade,including the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak.In epidemics caused by enveloped viruses,direct contact is a common route of infection,while indirect transmissions through the environment also contribute to the spread of the disease,although their significance remains controversial.Bridging the knowledge gap regarding the influence of interfacial interactions on the persistence of enveloped viruses in the environment reveals the transmission mechanisms when the virus undergoes mutations and prevents excessive disinfection during viral epidemics.Herein,from the perspective of the driving force,partition efficiency,and viral survivability at interfaces,we summarize the viral and environmental characteristics that affect the environmental transmission of viruses.We expect to provide insights for virus detection,environmental surveillance,and disinfection to limit the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

细胞角蛋白19-mRNA定量检测

目的基于水母发光蛋白生物发光免疫分析技术，建立一种细胞角蛋白19-mRNA（CK19-mRNA）定量检测技术。方法用生物发光分析技术检测淋巴细胞的CK19-mRNA。利用RT—PCR对CK19-mRNA进行放大,PCR引物的5′端用生物素标记，然后用交联了地高辛寡核苷酸探针与目标生物素化的DNA模板杂交。杂交复合物与包被在微孔板上的链亲合素结合，加入标记了水母发光蛋白的地高辛抗体与地高辛特异结合，再加入钙离子激发水母发光蛋白发光，发光强度正比予CK19-mRNA的量。结果该技术的线性范围可达5个数量级，标准曲线的直线回归系数r=0．98～0．99，探测灵敏度可达22amol／L的CK19-mRNA产物。重复性检测中，批间变异系数〈70％，批内变异系数〈6％。结论生物发光分析技术是一种灵敏可靠、非放射性的微量CK19-mRNA定量方法。

Heavy metals in maternal and cord blood in Beijing and their efficiency of placental transfer

This study aimed to determine the effect of exposure to heavy metals in pregnant women in Beijing, China. We also evaluated the association of these heavy metals with birth weight and length of newborns. We measured the levels of 10 heavy metals,including lead(Pb), titanium(Ti), manganese(Mn), nickel(Ni), cadmium(Cd), chromium(Cr), antimony(Sb), stannum(Sn), vanadium(V), and arsenic(As), in 156 maternal and cord blood pairs. An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method was used for measurement. Pb, As, Ti, Mn, and Sb showed high detection rates(> 50%) in both maternal and cord blood. Fourteen(9%) mothers had blood Pb levels greater than the United States Center for Disease Control allowable threshold limit for children(50 μg/L).In prenatal exposure to these heavy metals, there was no significant association between any heavy metal and birth weight/length. Moreover, we estimated the placental transfer efficiency of each heavy metal, and the median placental transfer efficiency ranged from 49.6%(Ni) to 194%(Mn)(except for Cd and Sn). The level and detection rate of Cd in maternal blood were much higher than that in cord blood, which suggested that Cd had difficulty in passing the placental barrier. Prospective research should focus on the source and risk of heavy metals in non-occupationally exposed pregnant women in Beijing.

Levels,distributions,and sources of legacy and novel per-and perfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)in the topsoil of Tianjin,China

Soil is a major sink for per-and perfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS),wherein PFAS may be transferred through the food chain to predators at upper trophic levels,which poses a threat to human health.Herein,the concentrations and distributions of legacy and novel PFAS in topsoil samples from different functional areas in Tianjin were comprehensively investigated.Seventeen PFAS congeners were identified,with concentrations ranging from 0.21 ng/g to 5.35 ng/g,with a mean concentration of 1.25 ng/g.The main PFAS in the topsoil was perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA).6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate(6:2 ClPFESA;<MDL–1.95 ng/g,mean 0.11 ng/g),as an emerging substitute for perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS),was also detected in the topsoil.It showed slightly higher concentrations than PFOS(<MDL–1.62 ng/g,mean 0.10 ng/g),indicating it has gradually replaced legacy PFOS in this area.Based on the positive-definite matrix factor(PMF)receptor model,the major PFAS sources was dominated by textile treatment,metal electroplating plants,and some potential precursors of PFAS with longer chains(>C8)were the major sources(43.4%),followed by food packaging as well as coating materials(25.5%).In addition,Spearman correlation analysis and the structural equation model showed that population density significantly impacted the PFAS distribution in the topsoil of Tianjin.