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Preliminary research and scheme design of deep underground in situ geo-information detection experiment for Geology in Time
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作者 Heping Xie Ru Zhang +13 位作者 Zetian Zhang Yinshuang Ai Jianhui Deng Yun Chen Yong Zhou Mingchuan Li Liqiang Liu Mingzhong Gao Zeqian Yang Weiqiang Ling Heng Gao Qijun Hao Kun Xiao Chendi Lou 《International Journal of Mining Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期1-13,共13页
The deep earth,deep sea,and deep space are the main parts of the national“three deep”strategy,which is in the forefront of the strategic deployment clearly defined in China’s 14th Five-Year Plan(2021-2025)and the L... The deep earth,deep sea,and deep space are the main parts of the national“three deep”strategy,which is in the forefront of the strategic deployment clearly defined in China’s 14th Five-Year Plan(2021-2025)and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035.It is important to reveal the evolutionary process and mechanism of deep tectonics to understand the earth’s past,present and future.The academic con-notation of Geology in Time has been given for the first time,which refers to the multi-field evolution response process of geological bodies at different time and spatial scales caused by geological processes inside and outside the Earth.Based on the deep in situ detection space and the unique geological envi-ronment of China Jinping Underground Laboratory,the scientific issue of the correlation mechanism and law between deep internal time-varying and shallow geological response is given attention.Innovative research and frontier exploration on deep underground in situ geo-information detection experiments for Geology in Time are designed to be carried out,which will have the potential to explore the driving force of Geology in Time,reveal essential laws of deep earth science,and explore innovative technologies in deep underground engineering. 展开更多
关键词 Deep underground Geology in Time China Jinping Underground Laboratory In situ detection
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Deformations at Earth’s dayside magnetopause during quasi-radial IMF conditions:Global kinetic simulations and Soft X-ray Imaging 被引量:2
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作者 ZhongWei Yang RiKu Jarvinen +7 位作者 XiaoCheng Guo TianRan Sun Dimitra Koutroumpa George K.Parks Can Huang BinBin Tang QuanMing Lu Chi Wang 《Earth and Planetary Physics》 EI CSCD 2024年第1期59-69,共11页
The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)is a joint mission of the European Space Agency(ESA)and the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).Primary goals are investigating the dynamic response of the Eart... The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)is a joint mission of the European Space Agency(ESA)and the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).Primary goals are investigating the dynamic response of the Earth's magnetosphere to the solar wind(SW)impact via simultaneous in situ magnetosheath plasma and magnetic field measurements,X-Ray images of the magnetosheath and magnetic cusps,and UV images of global auroral distributions.Magnetopause deformations associated with magnetosheath high speed jets(HSJs)under a quasi-parallel interplanetary magnetic field condition are studied using a threedimensional(3-D)global hybrid simulation.Soft X-ray intensity calculated based on both physical quantities of solar wind proton and oxygen ions is compared.We obtain key findings concerning deformations at the magnetopause:(1)Magnetopause deformations are highly coherent with the magnetosheath HSJs generated at the quasi-parallel region of the bow shock,(2)X-ray intensities estimated using solar wind h+and self-consistentO7+ions are consistent with each other,(3)Visual spacecraft are employed to check the discrimination ability for capturing magnetopause deformations on Lunar and polar orbits,respectively.The SMILE spacecraft on the polar orbit could be expected to provide opportunities for capturing the global geometry of the magnetopause in the equatorial plane.A striking point is that SMILE has the potential to capture small-scale magnetopause deformations and magnetosheath transients,such as HSJs,at medium altitudes on its orbit.Simulation results also demonstrate that a lunar based imager(e.g.,Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imager,LEXI)is expected to observe a localized brightening of the magnetosheath during HSJ events in the meridian plane.These preliminary results might contribute to the pre-studies for the SMILE and LEXI missions by providing qualitative and quantitative soft X-ray estimates of dayside kinetic processes. 展开更多
关键词 collisionless shock SMILE mission FORESHOCK
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Rising utilization of stable isotopes in tree rings for climate change and forest ecology 被引量:1
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作者 Ru Huang Chenxi Xu +3 位作者 Jussi Grießinger Xiaoyu Feng Haifeng Zhu Achim Bräuning 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期103-116,共14页
Analyses of stable isotopes(C,O,H)in tree rings are increasingly important cross-disciplinary programs.The rapid development in this field documented in an increasing number of publications requires a comprehensive re... Analyses of stable isotopes(C,O,H)in tree rings are increasingly important cross-disciplinary programs.The rapid development in this field documented in an increasing number of publications requires a comprehensive review.This study includes a bibliometric analysis-based review to better understand research trends in tree ring stable isotope research.Overall,1475 publications were selected from the Web of Science Core Collection for 1974-2023.The findings are that:(1)numbers of annual publications and citations increased since 1974.From 1974 to 1980,there were around two relevant publications per year.However,from 2020 to 2022,this rose sharply to 109 publications per year.Likewise,average article citations were less than four per year before 1990,but were around four per article per year after 2000;(2)the major subjects using tree ring stable isotopes include forestry,geosciences,and environmental sciences,contributing to 42.5%of the total during 1974-2023;(3)the top three most productive institutions are the Chinese Academy of Sciences(423),the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest,Snow and Landscape Research(227),and the University of Arizona(204).These achievements result from strong collaborations;(4)review papers,for example,(Dawson et al.,Annu Rev Ecol Syst 33:507-559,2002)and(McCarroll and Loader,Quat Sci Rev 23:771-801,2004),are among the most cited,with more than 1000 citations;(5)tree ring stable isotope studies mainly focus on climatology and ecology,with atmospheric CO_(2) one of the most popular topics.Since 2010,precipitation and drought have received increasing attention.Based on this analysis,the research stages,key findings,debated issues,limitations and direc-tions for future research are summarized.This study serves as an important attempt to understand the progress on the use of stable isotopes in tree rings,providing scientific guid-ance for young researchers in this field. 展开更多
关键词 Tree rings Stable isotopes Web of Science BIBLIOMETRIC
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Formation,evolution,reconstruction of black shales and their influence on shale oil and gas resource
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作者 Shi-zhen Li Qiu-chen Xu +11 位作者 Mu Liu Guo-heng Liu Yi-fan Li Wen-yang Wang Xiao-guang Yang Wei-bin Liu Yan-fei An Peng Sun Tao Liu Jiang-hui Ding Qian-chao Li Chao-gang Fang 《China Geology》 CAS CSCD 2024年第3期551-585,共35页
Black shales are important products of material cycling and energy exchange among the lithosphere,atmosphere,hydrosphere,and biosphere.They are widely distributed throughout geological history and provide essential en... Black shales are important products of material cycling and energy exchange among the lithosphere,atmosphere,hydrosphere,and biosphere.They are widely distributed throughout geological history and provide essential energy and mineral resources for the development of human society.They also record the evolution process of the earth and improve the understanding of the earth.This review focuses on the diagenesis and formation mechanisms of black shales sedimentation,composition,evolution,and reconstruction,which have had a significant impact on the formation and enrichment of shale oil and gas.In terms of sedimentary environment,black shales can be classified into three types:Marine,terrestrial,and marine-terrestrial transitional facies.The formation processes include mechanisms such as eolian input,hypopycnal flow,gravity-driven and offshore bottom currents.From a geological perspective,the formation of black shales is often closely related to global or regional major geological events.The enrichment of organic matter is generally the result of the interaction and coupling of several factors such as primary productivity,water redox condition,and sedimentation rate.In terms of evolution,black shales have undergone diagenetic evolution of inorganic minerals,thermal evolution of organic matter and hydrocarbon generation,interactions between organic matter and inorganic minerals,and pore evolution.In terms of reconstruction,the effects of fold deformation,uplift and erosion,and fracturing have changed the stress state of black shale reservoirs,thereby having a significant impact on the pore structure.Fluid activity promotes the formation of veins,and have changed the material composition,stress structure,and reservoir properties of black shales.Regarding resource effects,the deposition of black shales is fundamental for shale oil and gas resources,the evolution of black shales promotes the shale oil and gas formation and storage,and the reconstruction of black shales would have caused the heterogeneous distribution of oil and gas in shales.Exploring the formation mechanisms and interactions of black shales at different scales is a key to in-depth research on shale formation and evolution,as well as the key to revealing the mechanism controlling shale oil and gas accumulation.The present records can reveal how these processes worked in geological history,and improve our understanding of the coupling mechanisms among regional geological events,black shales evolution,and shale oil and gas formation and enrichment. 展开更多
关键词 Black shales Shale oil and gas Resource effects Sedimentary environment Sedimentary process Organic matter accumulation Diagenetic evolution Thermal evolution Organic matter and inorganic minerals Tectonic reconstruction Oil and gas exploration engineering VEINS Fluid activity
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Genesis of the Jianbeigou Gold Deposit on the Southern Margin of the North China Craton: Insights from Fluid Inclusions, H-O-S Isotopes, and Pyrite in situ Trace Element Analyses
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作者 LI Fengchun ZENG Qingdong +5 位作者 ZHU Rixiang CHU Shaoxiong XIE Wei YU Bing WU Jinjian LI Xinghui 《Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第4期969-991,共23页
The Jianbeigou gold deposit is a typical lode gold deposit in the Qinling metallogenic belt, located on the southern margin of the North China Craton. Three stages of the hydrothermal process can be distinguished, inc... The Jianbeigou gold deposit is a typical lode gold deposit in the Qinling metallogenic belt, located on the southern margin of the North China Craton. Three stages of the hydrothermal process can be distinguished, including the quartz ± pyrite, quartz-polymetallic sulfide, and quartz-carbonate ± pyrite stages. From the early to late stages, the homogenization temperatures of primary fluid inclusions are 281–362°C, 227–331°C, and 149–261°C, respectively. The corresponding salinities estimated for these fluids are 3.9–9.9 wt%, 0.4–9.4 wt%, and 0.7–7.2 wt% Na Cl equiv. Combined with laser Raman spectroscopy data, the ore-forming fluid belongs to a H_(2)O-CO_(2)-Na Cl ± CH_4 system with medium–low temperature and salinity. The δ~(18)Ofluid and δD values for the quartz veins are-1.0‰ to 6.0‰ and-105‰ to-84‰, respectively, which indicates that the ore-forming fluid is of mixed source, mainly derived from magma, with a contribution from meteoric water. Pyrite has been identified into three generations based on mineral paragenetic sequencing, including Py1, Py2, and Py3. The pyrites have δ~(34)S sulfur isotopic compositions from three stages between 3.7‰ and 8.4‰, indicating that sulfur mainly originated from magma. Te, Bi, Sb, and Cu contents in pyrite were all high and showed a strong correlation with Au concentrations. Native gold and the Au-Ag-Bi telluride minerals were formed concurrently, and the As concentration was low and decoupled from the Au content. Therefore, Te, Bi, Sb and other low-melting point chalcophile elements play an important role for gold mineralization in arsenic-deficient ore-forming fluid. Combined with the geological setting, evolution of pyrite, and ore-fluids geochemistry, we propose that the Jianbeigou deposit can be classified as a magmatic–hydrothermal lode gold deposit. Gold mineralization on the southern margin of the North China Craton is related to Early Cretaceous magmatism and formed in an extensional setting. 展开更多
关键词 ore genesis H-O-S isotopes fluid inclusions in-situ trace element Jianbeigou gold deposit
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Dynamic response of mountain tunnel,bridge,and embankment along the Sichuan-Tibet transportation corridor to active fault based on model tests
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作者 HUANG Beixiu QIAO Sijia +2 位作者 CHEN Xulei LI Lihui QI Shengwen 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第1期182-199,共18页
The Sichuan-Tibet transportation corridor is prone to numerous active faults and frequent strong earthquakes.While extensive studies have individually explored the effect of active faults and strong earthquakes on dif... The Sichuan-Tibet transportation corridor is prone to numerous active faults and frequent strong earthquakes.While extensive studies have individually explored the effect of active faults and strong earthquakes on different engineering structures,their combined effect remains unclear.This research employed multiple physical model tests to investigate the dynamic response of various engineering structures,including tunnels,bridges,and embankments,under the simultaneous influence of cumulative earthquakes and stick-slip misalignment of an active fault.The prototype selected for this study was the Kanding No.2 tunnel,which crosses the Yunongxi fault zone within the Sichuan-Tibet transportation corridor.The results demonstrated that the tunnel,bridge,and embankment exhibited amplification in response to the input seismic wave,with the amplification effect gradually decreasing as the input peak ground acceleration(PGA)increased.The PGAs of different engineering structures were weakened by the fault rupture zone.Nevertheless,the misalignment of the active fault may decrease the overall stiffness of the engineering structure,leading to more severe damage,with a small contribution from seismic vibration.Additionally,the seismic vibration effect might be enlarged with the height of the engineering structure,and the tunnel is supposed to have a smaller PGA and lower dynamic earth pressure compared to bridges and embankments in strong earthquake zones crossing active faults.The findings contribute valuable insights for evaluating the dynamic response of various engineering structures crossing an active fault and provide an experimental reference for secure engineering design in the challenging conditions of the Sichuan-Tibet transportation corridor. 展开更多
关键词 Dynamic response Engineering structure Sichuan-Tibet transportation corridor Active fault EARTHQUAKE Model test
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The Origin of Mesozoic A-type Granitoids,Fujian Province,Southeast China:Insights from Geochronology,Mineralogy and Geochemistry
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作者 XIE Qifeng DONG Yunpeng +3 位作者 CAI Yuanfeng ZHAI Mingguo XIAO Aifang ZHANG Hong 《Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第3期630-640,共11页
The magma sources,origins and precise forming ages of the miarolite from Qishan and Kuiqi intrusions are still uncertain.New results reveal that,miarolites from the Qishan and Kuiqi intrusions yield crystallization ag... The magma sources,origins and precise forming ages of the miarolite from Qishan and Kuiqi intrusions are still uncertain.New results reveal that,miarolites from the Qishan and Kuiqi intrusions yield crystallization ages of~101 and~98 Ma,and they have a high formation temperature(~910℃)and low oxygen fugacity value,indicating crystallization condition at low pressure in the upper crust with temperature of 678℃.The Qishan and Kuiqi miarolites are characterized by enrichment in SiO_(2) and high-K alkali,depletion in Ca and Mg,and belong to the high-K weak peraluminous rock series.The samples are enriched in HFSEs(i.e.,Ta,Zr and Hf)and LILEs(i.e.,Ba,P and Sr),depleted in Ba and Sr with the negative anomaly of Eu.In the primitive mantle normalized trace element spider diagram,the samples show a right-inclined‘seagull-type’pattern,combined the ratios of(La/Yb)_(N),10000×Al/Ga,Rb/Nb and Nb/Ta etc.,they were proved to be alkaline A-type granite.Combined the characterize of the trace elements,they were derived from clay-rich source accompanied pelite melting,and subjected to K-feldspar crystallization fractional.The values of ε_(Hf)(t)and tDM2 are distributed in the range of-2.8 to 3.3 with~1.2 Ga,and-6.0 to 4.0 with~1.2 Ga,revealing that they were generated from the Mesoproterozoic Cathaysia basement rocks.The comprehensive research reveals the Kuiqi and Qishan intrusions derived from crust-mantle mixing and partial melting of the crust,respectively,resulting from lithospheric extension generated by the Paleo-Pacific Plate subducted into the European-Asian Plate. 展开更多
关键词 A-type granitoid GEOCHRONOLOGY extension SUBDUCTION MESOZOIC Southeast China
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Shear mechanical properties and fracturing responses of layered rough jointed rock-like materials
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作者 Xinxin Nie Qian Yin +7 位作者 Manchao He Qi Wang Hongwen Jing Bowen Zheng Bo Meng Tianci Deng Zheng Jiang Jiangyu Wu 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第11期2417-2434,共18页
This study aims to investigate mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of layered rock with rough joint surfaces under direct shear loading.Cubic layered samples with dimensions of 100 mm×100 mm×100 mm ... This study aims to investigate mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of layered rock with rough joint surfaces under direct shear loading.Cubic layered samples with dimensions of 100 mm×100 mm×100 mm were casted using rock-like materials,with anisotropic angle(α)and joint roughness coefficient(JRC)ranging from 15°to 75°and 2-20,respectively.The direct shear tests were conducted under the application of initial normal stress(σ_(n)) ranging from 1-4 MPa.The test results indicate significant differences in mechanical properties,acoustic emission(AE)responses,maximum principal strain fields,and ultimate failure modes of layered samples under different test conditions.The peak stress increases with the increasingαand achieves a maximum value atα=60°or 75°.As σ_(n) increases,the peak stress shows an increasing trend,with correlation coefficients R² ranging from 0.918 to 0.995 for the linear least squares fitting.As JRC increases from 2-4 to 18-20,the cohesion increases by 86.32%whenα=15°,while the cohesion decreases by 27.93%whenα=75°.The differences in roughness characteristics of shear failure surface induced byαresult in anisotropic post-peak AE responses,which is characterized by active AE signals whenαis small and quiet AE signals for a largeα.For a given JRC=6-8 andσ_(n)=1 MPa,asαincreases,the accumulative AE counts increase by 224.31%(αincreased from 15°to 60°),and then decrease by 14.68%(αincreased from 60°to 75°).The shear failure surface is formed along the weak interlayer whenα=15°and penetrates the layered matrix whenα=60°.Whenα=15°,as σ_(n) increases,the adjacent weak interlayer induces a change in the direction of tensile cracks propagation,resulting in a stepped pattern of cracks distribution.The increase in JRC intensifies roughness characteristics of shear failure surface for a smallα,however,it is not pronounced for a largeα.The findings will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanical responses and failure mechanisms of the layered rocks subjected to shear loads. 展开更多
关键词 layered samples anisotropic angle joint roughness coefficient mechanical properties acoustic emission response fracturing evolution failure modes
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Automatic recognition of landslides based on YOLOv7 and attention mechanism
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作者 SONG Yewei GUO Jie +2 位作者 WU Gaofeng MA Fengshan LI Fangrui 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第8期2681-2695,共15页
Landslide disasters comprise the majority of geological incidents on slopes,posing severe threats to the safety of human lives and property while exerting a significant impact on the geological environment.The rapid i... Landslide disasters comprise the majority of geological incidents on slopes,posing severe threats to the safety of human lives and property while exerting a significant impact on the geological environment.The rapid identification of landslides is important for disaster prevention and control;however,currently,landslide identification relies mainly on the manual interpretation of remote sensing images.Manual interpretation and feature recognition methods are time-consuming,labor-intensive,and challenging when confronted with complex scenarios.Consequently,automatic landslide recognition has emerged as a pivotal avenue for future development.In this study,a dataset comprising 2000 landslide images was constructed using open-source remote sensing images and datasets.The YOLOv7 model was enhanced using data augmentation algorithms and attention mechanisms.Three optimization models were formulated to realize automatic landslide recognition.The findings demonstrate the commendable performance of the optimized model in automatic landslide recognition,achieving a peak accuracy of 95.92%.Subsequently,the optimized model was applied to regional landslide identification,co-seismic landslide identification,and landslide recognition at various scales,all of which showed robust recognition capabilities.Nevertheless,the model exhibits limitations in detecting small targets,indicating areas for refining the deep-learning algorithms.The results of this research offer valuable technical support for the swift identification,prevention,and mitigation of landslide disasters. 展开更多
关键词 Deep learning Landslide detection Natural disasters Attention mechanism Remote sensing
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Below-Moho Earthquakes of Tibet,Himalaya,the Indian Foreland,and Worldwide:How,Where and Why?
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作者 Simon LKLEMPERE WANG Shiqi +3 位作者 SONG Xiaohan Jackie RHARRIS Hitank KASAUNDHAN LIANG Xiaofeng 《Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第S01期27-29,共3页
We seek to understand lithospheric rheology by mapping continental earthquake depths relative to Moho depth,across the entire India/Asia convergent orogen,and eventually worldwide.Such mapping has particular value in ... We seek to understand lithospheric rheology by mapping continental earthquake depths relative to Moho depth,across the entire India/Asia convergent orogen,and eventually worldwide.Such mapping has particular value in geothermometry,and potentially in identifying regions of delamination.How:We are extending our Sn/Lg method beyond amplitude ratios of regional seismic phases measured on arrays(array Sn/Lg method,Wang and Klemperer,2021)to include frequency proxies for earthquake depth relative to Moho(Wang&Klemperer,2024a,b;Harris et al.,2024). 展开更多
关键词 Continental mantle earthquakes TIBET HIMALAYA Indian Foreland
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Comparison of debris flow susceptibility assessment methods:support vector machine,particle swarm optimization,and feature selection techniques
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作者 ZHAO Haijun WEI Aihua +3 位作者 MA Fengshan DAI Fenggang JIANG Yongbing LI Hui 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第2期397-412,共16页
The selection of important factors in machine learning-based susceptibility assessments is crucial to obtain reliable susceptibility results.In this study,metaheuristic optimization and feature selection techniques we... The selection of important factors in machine learning-based susceptibility assessments is crucial to obtain reliable susceptibility results.In this study,metaheuristic optimization and feature selection techniques were applied to identify the most important input parameters for mapping debris flow susceptibility in the southern mountain area of Chengde City in Hebei Province,China,by using machine learning algorithms.In total,133 historical debris flow records and 16 related factors were selected.The support vector machine(SVM)was first used as the base classifier,and then a hybrid model was introduced by a two-step process.First,the particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm was employed to select the SVM model hyperparameters.Second,two feature selection algorithms,namely principal component analysis(PCA)and PSO,were integrated into the PSO-based SVM model,which generated the PCA-PSO-SVM and FS-PSO-SVM models,respectively.Three statistical metrics(accuracy,recall,and specificity)and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)were employed to evaluate and validate the performance of the models.The results indicated that the feature selection-based models exhibited the best performance,followed by the PSO-based SVM and SVM models.Moreover,the performance of the FS-PSO-SVM model was better than that of the PCA-PSO-SVM model,showing the highest AUC,accuracy,recall,and specificity values in both the training and testing processes.It was found that the selection of optimal features is crucial to improving the reliability of debris flow susceptibility assessment results.Moreover,the PSO algorithm was found to be not only an effective tool for hyperparameter optimization,but also a useful feature selection algorithm to improve prediction accuracies of debris flow susceptibility by using machine learning algorithms.The high and very high debris flow susceptibility zone appropriately covers 38.01%of the study area,where debris flow may occur under intensive human activities and heavy rainfall events. 展开更多
关键词 Chengde Feature selection Support vector machine Particle swarm optimization Principal component analysis Debris flow susceptibility
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Shear mechanical properties and frictional sliding responses of rough joint surfaces under dynamic normal displacement conditions
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作者 ZHU Qiang YIN Qian +9 位作者 TAO Zhi-gang HE Man-chao ZHENG Bo-wen JING Hong-wen REN Shu-lin ZHANG Qiang MENG Bo BAI Dong-feng WU Sai-sai WU Jiang-yu 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第7期2393-2410,共18页
A comprehensive understanding of the dynamic frictional characteristics in rock joints under high normal load and strong confinement is essential for ensuring the safety of deep engineering construction and mitigating... A comprehensive understanding of the dynamic frictional characteristics in rock joints under high normal load and strong confinement is essential for ensuring the safety of deep engineering construction and mitigating geological disasters.This study conducted shear experiments on rough rock joints under displacement-controlled dynamic normal loads,investigating the shear behaviors of joints across varying initial normal loads,normal loading frequencies,and normal loading amplitudes.Experimental results showed that the peak/valley shear force values increased with initial normal loads and normal loading frequencies but showed an initial increase followed by a decrease with normal loading amplitudes.Dynamic normal loading can either increase or decrease shear strength,while this study demonstrates that higher frequencies lead to enhanced friction.Increased initial normal loading and normal loading frequency result in a gradual decrease in joint roughness coefficient(JRC)values of joint surfaces after shearing.Positive correlations existed between frictional energy dissipation and peak shear forces,while post-shear joint surface roughness exhibited a negative correlation with peak shear forces through linear regression analysis.This study contributes to a better understanding of the sliding responses and shear mechanical characteristics of rock joints under dynamic disturbances. 展开更多
关键词 dynamic normal displacement shear strength variations phase lag phenomenon STICK-SLIP
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An Overview on the Composition and Age of Upper Crust of Proto-Tethyan Lajishan Intra-oceanic Arc,NE Tibet Plateau
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作者 FU Changlei HE Xiaohu +5 位作者 YAN Zhen Jonathan CAITCHISON XIAO Wenjiao WANG Bingzhang LI Wufu LI Yusen 《Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第2期285-302,共18页
Identification and anatomy of oceanic arcs within ancient orogenic belt are significant for better understanding the tectonic framework and closure process of paleo-ocean basin.This article summarizes the geological,g... Identification and anatomy of oceanic arcs within ancient orogenic belt are significant for better understanding the tectonic framework and closure process of paleo-ocean basin.This article summarizes the geological,geochemical,and geochronological characteristics of upper crust of Proto-Tethyan Lajishan intra-oceanic arc and provides new data to constrain the subduction evolution of the South Qilian Ocean.The intra-oceanic arc volcanic rocks,including intermediate-mafic lava,breccia,tuff,and minor felsic rocks,are distributed along southern part of the Lajishan ophiolite belt.Geochemical and isotopic compositions indicate that the intermediate-mafic lava were originated from depleted mantle contaminated by sediment melts or hydrous fluids,whereas the felsic rocks were likely generated by partial melting of juvenile mafic crust in intra-oceanic arc setting.Zircons from felsic rocks yield consistent and concordant ages ranging from 506 to 523 Ma,suggesting these volcanic rocks represent the relicts of upper crust of the Cambrian intra-oceanic arc.Combined with the Cambrian forearc ophiolite and accretionary complex,we suggest that the Cambrian intra-oceanic arc in the Lajishan ophiolite belt is belonging to the intra-oceanic arc system which was generated by south-directed subduction in the South Qilian Ocean at a relatively short interval between approximately 530 and 480 Ma. 展开更多
关键词 volcanic rocks intra-oceanic arc U-Pb age Lajishan ophiolite belt South Qilian Ocean Proto-Tethyan realm
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Experimental constraints on the formation of oxychlorine species by UV irradiation and mechanical pulverization on the lunar surface
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作者 Jiamei Li Yu-Yan Sara Zhao +4 位作者 He Cui Shuai-Yi Qu Yanhua Peng Yuhong Yang Xiongyao Li 《Acta Geochimica》 EI CAS CSCD 2024年第4期625-637,共13页
Perchlorate and chlorate are present in various extraterrestrial celestial bodies throughout the solar system,such as Mars,the moon,and asteroids.To date,the origin mechanisms of perchlorate and chlorate on the Martia... Perchlorate and chlorate are present in various extraterrestrial celestial bodies throughout the solar system,such as Mars,the moon,and asteroids.To date,the origin mechanisms of perchlorate and chlorate on the Martian surface have been well-established;however,relatively little attention has been cast to airless bodies.Here,we experimentally investigated the potential oxidation mechanisms of chloride to chlorate and perchlorate,such as ultraviolet irradiation under H_(2)O-and O_(2)-free conditions and mechanical pulverization processes.Individual minerals,olivine,pyroxene,ilmenite,magnetite,TiO_(2)and anhydrous ferric sulfate,and lunar regolith simulants(low Ti,CLRS-1;high-Ti,CLRS-2)and their metallic iron(Fe^( 0))bearing counterparts were examined.We found that pulverization of dry matrix material-halite mixtures,even in the presence of O_(2),does not necessarily lead to perchlorate and chlorate formation without involving water.Under photocatalytic and H_(2)O and O_(2)-free conditions,olivine and pyroxene can produce oxychlorine(ClO_(x)^(−))species,although the yields were orders of magnitude lower than those under Martian-relevant conditions.Nanophase-Fe^(0)particles in the lunar regolith and the common photocatalyst TiO_(2)can facilitate the ClO_(x)^(−)formation,but their yields were lower than those with olivine.The oxides ilmenite and magnetite did not efficiently contribute to ClO_(x)^(−)production.Our results highlight the critical role of H_(2)O in the oxidation chloride to chlorate and perchlorate,and provide essential insights into the environmental influence on the formation of oxychlorine species on different celestial bodies. 展开更多
关键词 PERCHLORATE CHLORATE Lunar regolith Metallic Fe Airless bodies
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Latest Scientific Results of China's Lunar and Deep Space Exploration(2022–2024)
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作者 XU Lin LI Lei +8 位作者 LIU Jianzhong LIN Honglei LI Yang LIU Yang XIE Lianghai ZHANG Jinhai QIAO Fuhao HAN Juanjuan ZOU Yongliao 《空间科学学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第4期622-632,共11页
China has successfully launched six lunar probes so far.From Chang'E-1 to Chang'E-4,they completed the circling,landing and roving exploration,of which Chang'E-4 was the first landing on the far side of th... China has successfully launched six lunar probes so far.From Chang'E-1 to Chang'E-4,they completed the circling,landing and roving exploration,of which Chang'E-4 was the first landing on the far side of the Moon in human history.Chang'E-5 was launched in December 2020,bringing back 1731 g of lunar soil samples.Through the detailed analysis of the samples,the scientists understand the history of late lunar volcanism,specifically extending lunar volcanism by about 800 million to 1 billion years,and proposed possible mechanisms.In addition,there are many new understandings of space weathering such as meteorite impacts and solar wind radiation on the Moon.China's first Mars exploration mission Tianwen-1 was successfully launched in July 2021.Through the study of scientific data,a number of important scientific achievements have been made in the topography,water environment and shallow surface structure of Mars.This paper introduces the main scientific achievements of Chang'E-4,Chang'E-5 and Tianwen-1 in the past two years,excluding technical and engineering contents.Due to the large number of articles involved,this paper only introduces part of the results. 展开更多
关键词 Lunar and deep space exploration of China Chang’E-4 mission Chang’E-5 mission Tianwen-1 mission
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Geology and mineralization of the Bayan Obo supergiant carbonatite-type REE-Nb-Fe deposit in Inner Mongolia, China: A review 被引量:2
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作者 Yi-ke Li Chang-hui Ke +17 位作者 Hong-quan She Deng-hong Wang Cheng Xu An-jian Wang Rui-ping Li Zi-dong Peng Ze-ying Zhu Kui-feng Yang Wei Chen Jian-wei Zi Wen-lei Song Yong-gang Zhao Li Zhang Hong Yu Bin Guo Sheng-quan Zhou Xing-yu Yuan Jing-yao Liu 《China Geology》 CAS CSCD 2023年第4期716-750,I0004,I0005,共37页
The Bayan Obo supergiant carbonatite-related rare-earth-element-niobium-iron(REE-Nb-Fe) endogenetic deposit(thereafter as the Bayan Obo deposit), located at 150 km north of Baotou City in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous... The Bayan Obo supergiant carbonatite-related rare-earth-element-niobium-iron(REE-Nb-Fe) endogenetic deposit(thereafter as the Bayan Obo deposit), located at 150 km north of Baotou City in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is the largest rare-earth element(REE) resource in the world. Tectonically,this deposit is situated on the northern margin of the North China Craton and adjacent to the Xing’anMongolian orogenic belt to the south. The main strata within the mining area include the Neoarchean Se’ertengshan Group and the Mesoproterozoic Bayan Obo Group. Generally, the rare earth, niobium, and iron mineralization within the deposit are intrinsically related to the dolomite carbonatites and the extensive alteration of the country rocks caused by the carbonatite magma intrusion. The alteration of country rocks can be categorized into three types: contact metasomatism(anti-skarn and skarn alteration), fenitization,and hornfelsic alternation. As indicated by previous studies and summarized in this review, the multielement mineralization at Bayan Obo is closely associated with the metasomatic replacement of siliceous country rocks by carbonatite magmatic-hydrothermal fluids. The metasomatic process is comparable to the conventional skarnification that formed due to the intrusion of intermediate-acid magmatic rocks into limestone strata. However, the migration pattern of Si O2, Ca O, and Mg O in this novel metasomatic process is opposite to the skarn alteration. Accordingly, this review delineates, for the first time, an antiskarn metallogenic model for the Bayan Obo deposit, revealing the enigmatic relationship between the carbonatite magmatic-hydrothermal processes and the related iron and rare earth mineralization.Moreover, this study also contributes to a better understanding of the REE-Nd-Fe metallogenetic processes and the related fluorite mineralization at the Bayan Obo deposit. 展开更多
关键词 Rare earth elements Niobium ore Iron ore Fluorite ore Igneous carbonatite Fenitization METASOMATISM Anti-skarn Bayan Obo
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Spatial-temporal distribution and geochemistry of highly evolved Mesozoic granites in Great Xing’an Range,NE China:Discriminant criteria and geological significance
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作者 WU Haoran YANG Hao +4 位作者 GE Wenchun JI Zheng DONG Yu JING Yan JING Jiahao 《Global Geology》 2024年第1期20-34,共15页
Highly evolved granite is an important sign of the mature continent crust and closely associated with deposits of rare metals.In this work,the authors undertake systematically zircon U-Pb ages and whole rock elemental... Highly evolved granite is an important sign of the mature continent crust and closely associated with deposits of rare metals.In this work,the authors undertake systematically zircon U-Pb ages and whole rock elemental data for highly evolved granitic intrusions from the Great Xing’an Range(GXR),NE China,to elucidate their discriminant criteria,spatial-temporal distribution,differentiation and geodynamic mecha-nism.Geochemical data of these highly evolved granites suggest that high w(SiO_(2))(>70%)and differentiation index(DI>88)could be quantified indicators,while strong Eu depletion,high TE_(1,3),lowΣREE and low Zr/Hf,Nb/Ta,K/Rb could only be qualitative indicators.Zircon U-Pb ages suggest that the highly evolved gran-ites in the GXR were mainly formed in Late Mesozoic,which can be divided into two major stages:Late Ju-rassic-early Early Cretaceous(162-136 Ma,peak at 138 Ma),and late Early Cretaceous(136-106 Ma,peak at 126 Ma).The highly evolved granites are mainly distributed in the central-southern GXR,and display a weakly trend of getting younger from northwest to southeast,meanwhile indicating the metallogenic potential of rare metals within the central GXR.The spatial-temporal distribution,combined with regional geological data,indicates the highly evolved Mesozoic granites in the GXR were emplaced in an extensional environ-ment,of which the Late Jurassic-early Early Cretaceous extension was related to the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean and roll-back of the Paleo-Pacific Plate,while the late Early Cretaceous extension was mainly related to the roll-back of the Paleo-Pacific Plate. 展开更多
关键词 highly evolved granite Great Xing’an Range spatial-temporal distribution extensional environment
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Research status, hot spots, difficulties and future development direction of microbial geoengineering
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作者 Yingxin Zhou Zhiqing Li +4 位作者 Peng Zhang Qi Wang Weilin Pan Shuangjiao Wang Xiongyao Xie 《Journal of Road Engineering》 2024年第2期234-255,共22页
Microbial geoengineering technology,as a new eco-friendly rock and soil improvement and reinforcement technology,has a wide application prospect.However,this technology still has many deficiencies and is difficult to ... Microbial geoengineering technology,as a new eco-friendly rock and soil improvement and reinforcement technology,has a wide application prospect.However,this technology still has many deficiencies and is difficult to achieve efficient curing,which has become the bottleneck of large-scale field application.This paper reviews the research status,hot spots,difficulties and future development direction microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation(MICP)technology.The principle of solidification and the physical and mechanical properties of improved rock and soil are systematically summarized.The solidification efficiency is mainly affected by the reactant itself and the external environment.At present,the MICP technology has been preliminarily applied in the fields of soil solidification,crack repair,anti-seepage treatment,pollution repair and microbial cement.However,the technology is currently mainly limited to the laboratory level due to the difficulty of homogeneous mineralization,uneconomical reactants,short microbial activity period and large environmental interference,incidental toxicity of metabolites and poor field application.Future directions include improving the uniformity of mineralization by improving grouting methods,improving urease persistence by improving urease activity,and improving the adaptability of bacteria to the environment by optimizing bacterial species.Finally,the authors point out the economic advantages of combining soybean peptone,soybean meal and cottonseed as carbon source with phosphogypsum as calcium source to induce CaCO3. 展开更多
关键词 Microbial geoengineering Microbial induced calcium carbonate PRECIPITATION Bacillus pasteurii UREASE PHOSPHOGYPSUM
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Effect of petroleum chemical fraction and residual oil content in saline lacustrine organic-rich shale: A case study from the Paleogene Dongpu Depression of North China 被引量:2
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作者 Chen-Xi Zhu Fu-Jie Jiang +9 位作者 Peng-Yuan Zhang Zhao Zhao Xin Chen Yu-Qi Wu Yuan-Yuan Chen Wei Wang Ze-Zhang Song Tao Hu Tian-Wu Xu Yong-Shui Zhou 《Petroleum Science》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第2期649-669,共21页
Halite and gypsum minerals in saline shale make the retention mechanism and chemical fractionation of residual oil unique. The Dongpu Depression in North China is a typically saline lacustrine basin with developing ha... Halite and gypsum minerals in saline shale make the retention mechanism and chemical fractionation of residual oil unique. The Dongpu Depression in North China is a typically saline lacustrine basin with developing halite and gypsum. The effect of gypsum minerals on residual oil content and chemical fractionation remains unclear. In this study, shale samples with different gypsum contents were used in organic geochemical experiments, showing that the high total organic matter (TOC) content and type II kerogen leads to a high residual oil content, as shown by high values of volatile hydrocarbon (S1) and extractable organic matter (EOM). XRD and FE-SEM result indicate that the existence of gypsum in saline shale contributes to an enhanced pore space and a higher residual oil content in comparison to non-gypsum shale. Additionally, the increase in the gypsum mineral content leads to an increase in the saturated hydrocarbon percentage and a decrease in polar components percentage (resins and asphaltene). Furthermore, thermal simulation experiments on low-mature saline shale show that the percentage of saturated hydrocarbons in the residual oil is high and remains stable and that the storage space is mainly mesoporous (> 20 nm) in the oil expulsion stage. However, the saturated hydrocarbons percentage decreases rapidly, and oil exists in mesopores (> 20 nm and < 5 nm) in the gas expulsion stage. In general, gypsum is conducive to the development of pore space, the adsorption of hydrocarbons and the occurrence of saturated hydrocarbon, leading to large quantities of residual oil. The data in this paper should prove to be reliable for shale oil exploration in saline lacustrine basins. 展开更多
关键词 Oil fractionation Residual oil Saline lacustrine shale The Dongpu Depression
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Temporal and spatial responses of ecological resilience to climate change and human activities in the economic belt on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains, China 被引量:1
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作者 ZHANG Shubao LEI Jun +4 位作者 TONG Yanjun ZHANG Xiaolei LU Danni FAN Liqin DUAN Zuliang 《Journal of Arid Land》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第10期1245-1268,共24页
In the Anthropocene era,human activities have become increasingly complex and diversified.The natural ecosystems need higher ecological resilience to ensure regional sustainable development due to rapid urbanization a... In the Anthropocene era,human activities have become increasingly complex and diversified.The natural ecosystems need higher ecological resilience to ensure regional sustainable development due to rapid urbanization and industrialization as well as other intensified human activities,especially in arid and semi-arid areas.In the study,we chose the economic belt on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains(EBNSTM)in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China as a case study.By collecting geographic data and statistical data from 2010 and 2020,we constructed an ecological resilience assessment model based on the ecosystem habitat quality(EHQ),ecosystem landscape stability(ELS),and ecosystem service value(ESV).Further,we analyzed the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of ecological resilience in the EBNSTM from 2010 to 2020 by spatial autocorrelation analysis,and explored its responses to climate change and human activities using the geographically weighted regression(GWR)model.The results showed that the ecological resilience of the EBNSTM was at a low level and increased from 0.2732 to 0.2773 during 2010–2020.The spatial autocorrelation analysis of ecological resilience exhibited a spatial heterogeneity characteristic of"high in the western region and low in the eastern region",and the spatial clustering trend was enhanced during the study period.Desert,Gobi and rapidly urbanized areas showed low level of ecological resilience,and oasis and mountain areas exhibited high level of ecological resilience.Climate factors had an important impact on ecological resilience.Specifically,average annual temperature and annual precipitation were the key climate factors that improved ecological resilience,while average annual evapotranspiration was the main factor that blocked ecological resilience.Among the human activity factors,the distance from the main road showed a negative correlation with ecological resilience.Both night light index and PM2.5 concentration were negatively correlated with ecological resilience in the areas with better ecological conditions,whereas in the areas with poorer ecological conditions,the correlations were positive.The research findings could provide a scientific reference for protecting the ecological environment and promoting the harmony and stability of the human-land relationship in arid and semi-arid areas. 展开更多
关键词 ecological resilience ecosystem habitat quality ecosystem landscape stability ecosystem service value spatial autocorrelation analysis geographically weighted regression model economic belt on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains
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