Exploring cerebral structural and functional abnormalities in a mouse model of post-traumatic headache induced by mild traumatic brain injury

Mild traumatic brain injury(mTBI)-induced post-traumatic headache(PTH)is a pressing public health concern and leading cause of disability worldwide.Although PTH is often accompanied by neurological disorders,the exact underlying mechanism remains largely unknown.Identifying potential biomarkers may prompt the diagnosis and development of effective treatments for mTBI-induced PTH.In this study,a mouse model of mTBI-induced PTH was established to investigate its effects on cerebral structure and function during short-term recovery.Results indicated that mice with mTBI-induced PTH exhibited balance deficits during the early post-injury stage.Metabolic kinetics revealed that variations in neurotransmitters were most prominent in the cerebellum,temporal lobe/cortex,and hippocampal regions during the early stages of PTH.Additionally,variations in brain functional activities and connectivity were further detected in the early stage of PTH,particularly in the cerebellum and temporal cortex,suggesting that these regions play central roles in the mechanism underlying PTH.Moreover,our results suggested that GABA and glutamate may serve as potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for PTH.Future studies should explore the specific neural circuits involved in the regulation of PTH by the cerebellum and temporal cortex,with these two regions potentially utilized as targets for non-invasive stimulation in future clinical treatment.

Fine and hyperfine structures of pionic helium atoms

The fine and hyperfine structures of pionic helium metastable states is calculated within the formalism of the Breit-Pauli Hamiltonian by using the variationally generated wave functions in Hylleraas coordinates.Our results not only verify the existing values of Hori et al.[Phys.Rev.A 89,042515(2014)]for the fine structure of π^(4)He^(+),but also determine the hyperfine structure of π^(3)He^(+).

Envelope Method and More General New Global Structures of Solutions for Multi-dimensional Conservation Law

For the two-dimensional(2D)scalar conservation law,when the initial data contain two different constant states and the initial discontinuous curve is a general curve,then complex structures of wave interactions will be generated.In this paper,by proposing and investigating the plus envelope,the minus envelope,and the mixed envelope of 2D non-selfsimilar rarefaction wave surfaces,we obtain and the prove the new structures and classifications of interactions between the 2D non-selfsimilar shock wave and the rarefaction wave.For the cases of the plus envelope and the minus envelope,we get and prove the necessary and sufficient criterion to judge these two envelopes and correspondingly get more general new structures of 2D solutions.

An integrated microfluidics platform with high-throughput single-cell cloning array and concentration gradient generator for efficient cancer drug effect screening

Background:Tumor cell heterogeneity mediated drug resistance has been recognized as the stumbling block of cancer treatment.Elucidating the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs at single-cell level in a high-throughput way is thus of great value for developing precision therapy.However,current techniques suffer from limitations in dynamically characterizing the responses of thousands of single cells or cell clones presented to multiple drug conditions.Methods:We developed a new microfluidics-based“SMART”platform that is Simple to operate,able to generate a Massive single-cell array and Multiplex drug concentrations,capable of keeping cells Alive,Retainable and Trackable in the microchambers.These features are achieved by integrating a Microfluidic chamber Array(4320 units)and a sixConcentration gradient generator(MAC),which enables highly efficient analysis of leukemia drug effects on single cells and cell clones in a high-throughput way.Results:A simple procedure produces 6 on-chip drug gradients to treat more than 3000 single cells or single-cell derived clones and thus allows an efficient and precise analysis of cell heterogeneity.The statistic results reveal that Imatinib(Ima)and Resveratrol(Res)combination treatment on single cells or clones is much more efficient than Ima or Res single drug treatment,indicated by the markedly reduced half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50).Additionally,single-cell derived clones demonstrate a higher IC_(50) in each drug treatment compared to single cells.Moreover,primary cells isolated from two leukemia patients are also found with apparent heterogeneity upon drug treatment on MAC.Conclusions:This microfluidics-based“SMART”platform allows high-throughput single-cell capture and culture,dynamic drug-gradient treatment and cell response monitoring,which represents a new approach to efficiently investigate anticancer drug effects and should benefit drug discovery for leukemia and other cancers.

Building and characterizing a stylus ion-trap system

Cold trapped ions can be excellent sensors for ultra-precision detection of physical quantities,which strongly depends on the measurement situation at hand.The stylus ion trap,formed by two concentric cylinders over a ground plane,holds the promise of relatively simple structure and larger solid angle for optical access and fluorescence collection in comparison with the conventional ion traps.Here we report our fabrication and characterization of the first stylus ion trap constructed in China,aiming for studying quantum optics and sensing weak electric fields in the future.We have observed the stable confinement of the ion in the trapping potential for more than two hours and measured the heating rate of the trap to be dε/dt=7.10±0.13 meV/s by the Doppler recooling method.Our work starts a way to building practical quantum sensors with high efficiency of optical collection and with ultimate goal for contributing to future quantum information technology.

Metabolic Changes in Rats with Photochemically Induced Cerebral Infarction and the Effects of Batroxobin:A Study by Magnetic Resonance Imaging,~1H-and ^(31)p-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Metabolic changes in rats with photochemically induced cerebral infarction and the effects of batroxobin were investigated 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after infarction by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 1H- and 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). A region of T2 hyperintensity was observed in left temporal neocortex in infarction group and batroxobin group 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after infarction. The volume of the region gradually decreased from 1 day to 7 days after infarction. The ratio of NAA/Cho + Cr in the region of T2 hyperintensity in the infarction group was significantly lower than that in the corresponding region in the sham-operated group 3, 5 and 7 days after infarction respectively (P

Quantum Wavefunctions and Fluctuations of Mesoscopic RLC Circuit

The quantum wavefunctions and the corresponding energy levels of a RLC (Resistance-Inductance-Capacity) electric circuit are obtained by using canonical quantization method and unitary transformation from the classical equation of motion. The quantum fluctuations of charge and current in an arbitrary eigenstate of the system have also been given as wellas the uncertainty relation. It is showed that even if at 0 K charge and current in the circuit exhibit quantum fluctuations, which originates from fluctuations of zero point vibrations of the system.

Experimental Study of Cell Migration and Functional Differentiation of Transplanted Neural Stem Cells Co-labeled with Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide and Brdu in an Ischemic Rat Model

Objective To explore the migration of transplanted neural stem cells co-labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide （SPIO） and bromodeoxyuridine （Brdu） using the 4.7T MR system and to study the cell differentiation with immuno-histochemical method in ischemic rats. Methods Rat neural stem cells （NSCs） co-labelled with SPIO mediated by poly-L-lysine and bromodeoxyuridine （BrdU） were transplanted into the unaffected side of rat brain with middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO）. At weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 after MCAO, migration of the labelled cells was monitored by MRI. At week 6 the rats were killed and their brain tissue was cut according to the migration site of transplanted ceils indicated by MRI and subjected to Prussian blue staining and immunohistochemical staining to observe the migration and differentiation of the transplanted NSCs. Results Three weeks after transplantation, the linear hypointensity area derived from the migration of labelled NSCs was observed by MRI in the corpus callosum adjacent to the injection site. Six weeks after the transplantation, the linear hypointensity area was moved toward the midline along the corpus callosum. MRI findings were confirmed by Prussian blue staining and immunohistochemical staining of the specimen at week 6 after the transplantation. Flourescence co-labelled immunohistochemical methods demonstrated that the transplanted NSCs could differentiate into astrocytes and neurons. Conclusion MRI can monitor the migration of SPIO-labelled NSCs after transplantation in a dynamical and non-invasive manner. NSCs transplanted into ischemic rats can differentiate into astrocytes and neurons during the process of migration.

Decreased vibrational susceptibility of Fabry-Perot cavities via designs of geometry and structural support

Ultra-stable optical cavities are widely used for laser frequency stabilization. In these experiments the laser performance relies on the length stability of the Fabry-Perot cavities. Vibration-induced deformation is one of the dominant factors that affect the stability of ultra-stable optical cavities. We have quantitatively analysed the elastic deformation of Fabry-Perot cavities with various shapes and mounting configurations. Our numerical result facilitates a novel approach for the design of ultra-stable cavities that are insensitive to vibrational perturbations. This approach can be applied to many experiments such as laser frequency stabilization, high-precision laser spectroscopy, and optical frequency standards.

Effect of Pulse Width and Fluence of Femtosecond Laser on Electron-Phonon Relaxation Time

The electron phonon relaxation time as functions of pulse width and fluence of femtosecond laser is studied based on the two-temperature model. The two-temperature model is solved using a finite difference method for copper target. The temperature distribution of the electron and the lattice along with space and time for a certain laser fluence is presented. The time-dependence of lattice and electron temperature of the surface for different pulse width and different laser fluence are also performed, respectively. Moreover, the variation of heat-affected zone per pulse with laser Auence is obtained. The satisfactory agreement between our numerical results and experimental data indicates that the electron-phonon relaxation time is reasonably accurate with the influences of pulse width and Auence of femtosecond laser.

CARLESON MEASURES,RIEMANN-STIELTJES OPERATORS AND MULTIPLIERS ON F(p,q,s)SPACES IN THE UNIT BALL OF C^n

This paper is devoted to characterizing the Riemann-Stieltjes operators and pointwise multipliers on F（p, q, s） spaces in the unit ball of C^n which contain many classical function spaces, such as the Bloch space, BMOA and Q8 spaces. The boundedness and compactness of these operators on F（p, q, s） spaces are characterized by means of an embedding theorem, i.e., F（p,q, s） spaces boundedly embedded into the tent-type spaces Tp,s^∞（μ）

Fluorescence Detection and Buffer Gas Cooling of Trapped Mercury Ions in Paul Trap

Pig ions are confined in a hyperboloid ion trap. With the rf discharge ^202 Hg isotope lamp, the fluorescence signal of trapped Hg ions is observed. By means of buffer gas cooling, the ionic temperature is reduced. As a result, the trapping time is increased and the signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） of the fluorescent signal is improved. The temperature of ion cloud is estimated by measuring the space charge shift.

Numerical simulation of time delay interferometry for TAIJI and new LISA

The success of LISA Pathfinder in demonstrating the LISA drag-free requirement paved the way for using space interferometers to detect low-frequency and middle-frequency gravitational waves(GWs). The TAIJI GW mission and the new LISA GW mission propose using an arm length of 3 Gm(1 Gm = 10~6 km) and an arm length of 2.5 Gm respectively. For a space laser-interferometric GW antenna,due to astrodynamical orbit variation, time delay interferometry(TDI) is needed to achieve nearly equivalent equal-arms for suppressing the laser frequency noise below the level of optical path noise, acceleration noise, etc in order to attain the requisite sensitivity. In this paper, we simulate TDI numerically for the TAIJI mission and the new LISA mission. To do this, we work out a set of 2200-day(6-year) optimized science orbits for each mission starting on 2028 March 22 using the CGC 2.7.1 ephemeris framework. Then we use the numerical method to calculate the residual optical path differences of the first-generation TDI configurations and the selected second-generation TDI configurations. The resulting optical path differences of the second-generation TDI configurations calculated for TAIJI, new LISA and eLISA are well below their respective requirements for laser frequency noise cancelation. However, for the first-generation TDI configurations, the original requirements need to be relaxed by 3 to 30 fold to be satisfied. For TAIJI and the new LISA, about one order of magnitude relaxation would be good and recommended; this could be borne on the laser stability requirement in view of recent progress in laser stability, or the GW detection sensitivities of the second-generation TDIs have to be used in the diagnosis of the observed data instead of the commonly used X, Y and Z TDIs.

Assisted Cloning and Orthogonal Complementing of an Arbitrary Unknown Two-Qubit Entangled State

Based on A.K. Pati＇s original idea [Phys. Rev. A 61 （2000） 022308] on single-qubit-state-assisted clone, very recently Zhan has proposed two assisted quantum cloning protocols of a special class of unknown two-qubit entangled states [Phys. Lett. A 336 （2005） 317]. In this paper we further generalize Zhan＇s protocols such that an arbitrary unknown two-qubit entangled state can be treated.

THE AVALANCHE DYNAMICS IN RANDOM NEAREST NEIGHBOR MODELS OF EVOLUTION WITH INTERACTION STRENGTH

A generalized Bak-Sneppen model （BS model） of biological evolution with intcraction strength θ is introduced in d-dimensional space, where the “nearest neighbors” are chosen among the 2d neighbors of the extremal site, with the probabilities rebated to the sizes of the fitnesses. Simulations of one- and two-dimensional models arc given.For given θ 〉 0, the model can self-organize, to a critical state, and the critical threshold fc（θ） decreases as θ increases. The exact gap equation depending on θ is presented, which reduces to the gap equation of BS model as θ tends to infinity. An exact cquation for the critical exponent γ（θ） is also obtained. Scaling relations are established among the six critical exponents of the avalanches of the model.

GLOBAL EXISTENCE OF CLASSICAL SOLUTION FOR A VISCOUS LIQUID-GAS TWO-PHASE MODEL WITH MASS-DEPENDENT VISCOSITY AND VACUUM

In this work, we obtain the global existence and uniqueness of classical solu-tions to a viscous liquid-gas two-phase model with mass-dependent viscosity and vacuum in one dimension, where the initial vacuum is allowed. We get the upper and lower bounds of gas and liquid masses n and m by the continuity methods which we use to study the compressible Navier-Stokes equations.

Lattice structures and electronic properties of CIGS/CdS interface:First-principles calculations

Using first-principles calculations within density functional theory, we study the atomic structures and electronic properties of the perfect and defective （2VCu＋ Incu） CulnGaSe2/CdS interfaces theoretically, especially the interface states. We find that the local lattice structure of （2VCu＋ InCu） interface is somewhat disorganized. By analyzing the local density of states projected on several atomic layers of the two interfaces models, we find that for the （2VCu＋InCu） interface the interface states near the Fermi level in CulnGaSe2 and CdS band gap regions are mainly composed of interracial Se-4p, Cu-3d and S-3p orbitals, while for the perfect interface there are no clear interface states in the CulnGaSe2 region but only some interface states which are mainly composed of S-3p orbitals in the valance band of CdS region.

First-principles calculations of 5d atoms doped hexagonal-AlN sheets: Geometry, magnetic property and the influence of symmetry and symmetry-breaking on the electronic structure

The geometry, electronic structure and magnetic property of the hexagonal AlN(h-AlN) sheet doped by 5d atoms(Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au and Hg) are investigated by first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory. The influence of symmetry and symmetry-breaking is also studied. There are two types of local symmetries of the doped systems: C3v and D3h. The symmetry will deviate from exact C3v and D3h for some particular dopants after optimization. The total magnetic moments of the doped systems are 0μBfor Lu, Ta and Ir; 1μB for Hf, W, Pt and Hg; 2μB for Re and Au; and 3μB for Os and Al-vacancy. The total densities of state are presented, where impurity energy levels exist. The impurity energy levels and total magnetic moments can be explained by the splitting of 5d orbitals or molecular orbitals under different symmetries.

An optical scheme for conditional generation of W state and photon-added coherent state

We propose a simple scheme to generate an arbitrary photon-added coherent state of a travelling optical field by combining an array of degenerate parametric amplifiers and corresponding single-photon detectors. Particularly, when the single-photon-added coherent state is observed by developing the novel technique of Zavatta et al （2004 Science 306 660）, we can simultar/eously obtain the generalized N-qubit W state.

MULTIPLE SOLUTIONS AND THEIR LIMITING BEHAVIOR OF COUPLED NONLINEAR SCHRDINGER SYSTEMS

We study the multiplicity of positive solutions and their limiting behavior as ε tends to zero for a class of coupled nonlinear Schrdinger system in R^N . We relate the number of positive solutions to the topology of the set of minimum points of the least energy function for ε suffciently small. Also, we verify that these solutions concentrate at a global minimum point of the least energy function.