Recent advances in essential oils and their nanoformulations for poultry feed

Antibiotics in poultry feed to boost growth performance are becoming increasingly contentious due to concerns over antimicrobial resistance development.Essential oils(EOs),as natural,plant-derived compounds,have demonstrated antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.EOs may potentially improve poultry health and growth performance when included in poultry feed.Nevertheless,the incorporation of EOs as nutritional additives is hindered by their high volatility,low water solubility,poor intestinal absorption,and sensitivity to environmental conditions.Recently,nanoencapsulation strategies using nanoformulations have emerged as a potential solution to these challenges,improving the stability and bioavailability of EOs,and enabling targeted delivery in poultry feed.This review provides an overview of the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of EOs,the current limitations of their applications in poultry feed,and the recent advancements in nano-engineering to overcome these limitations.Furthermore,we outline the potential future research direction on EO nanoformulations,emphasizing their promising role in advancing sustainable poultry nutrition.

Characterization of a novel bispecific antibody targeting tissue factor-positive tumors with T cell engagement

T cell engaging bispecific antibody(TCB)is an effective immunotherapy for cancer treatment.Through co-targeting CD3 and tumor-associated antigen(TAA),TCB can redirect CD3+T cells to eliminate tumor cells regardless of the specificity of T cell receptor.Tissue factor(TF)is a TAA that involved in tumor progression.Here,we designed and characterized a novel TCB targeting TF(TF-TCB)for the treatment of TF-positive tumors.In vitro,robust T cell activation,tumor cell lysis and T cell proliferation were induced by TF-TCB.The tumor cell lysis activity was dependent upon both CD3 and TF binding moieties of the TF-TCB,and was related to TF expression level of tumor cells.In vivo,in both tumor cell/human peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)co-grafting model and established tumor models with poor T cell infiltration,tumor growth was strongly inhibited by TF-TCB.T cell infiltration into tumors was induced during the treatment.Furthermore,efficacy of TF-TCB was further improved by combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors.For the first time,our results validated the feasibility of using TF as a target for TCB and highlighted the potential for TF-TCB to demonstrate efficacy in solid tumor treatment.