Exploring International Media and Information Literacy Initiatives: Insights From DW Akademie’s MIL Model

Media and Information Literacy(MIL)is one of the most important topics in today’s mediatized world.Under the leadership of United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO),many international organizations in the world,as foreign donors,annually announce many projects and grants for the promotion and development of the field of MIL in the countries of the world.One of the main actors of this movement is DW Akademie with different media and MIL projects several countries of the world.This research paper delves into the role of DW Akademie’s MIL model in shaping a media-savvy generation.The study explores the theoretical underpinnings and practical applications of Deutsche Welle(DW)Akademie’s MIL model,analysing its effectiveness in fostering media literacy skills.The research employs a multi-faceted approach,incorporating case studies to assess the model’s impact across diverse demographics.The paper also considers the model’s alignment with global educational policies and proposes recommendations for its integration into broader frameworks.By investigating DW Akademie’s MIL model,this research contributes to the ongoing discourse on media literacy education,providing valuable insights for educators,policymakers,and researchers.The findings offer a nuanced understanding of the model’s position in cultivating a media-savvy generation poised to navigate the complexities of the information age.

Endoscopic and surgical resection of T1a/T1b esophageal neoplasms: A systematic review

AIM: To investigate potential therapeutic recommendations for endoscopic and surgical resection of T1a/ T1b esophageal neoplasms. METHODS: A thorough search of electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, Pubmed and Cochrane Library, from 1997 up to January 2011 was performed. An analysis was carried out, pooling the effects of outcomes of 4241 patients enrolled in 80 retrospective studies. For comparisons across studies, each reporting on only one endoscopic method, we used a random effects meta-regression of the log-odds of the outcome of treatment in each study. "Neural networks" as a data mining technique was employed in order to establish a prediction model of lymph node status in superficial submucosal esophageal carcinoma. Another data mining technique, the "feature selection and root cause analysis", was used to identify the most impor-tant predictors of local recurrence and metachronous cancer development in endoscopically resected patients, and lymph node positivity in squamous carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC) separately in surgically resected patients. RESULTS: Endoscopically resected patients: Low grade dysplasia was observed in 4% of patients, high grade dysplasia in 14.6%, carcinoma in situ in 19%, mucosal cancer in 54%, and submucosal cancer in 16% of patients. There were no significant differences between endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for the following parameters: complications, patients submitted to surgery, positive margins, lymph node positivity, local recurrence and metachronous cancer. With regard to piecemeal resection, ESD performed better since the number of cases was significantly less [coefficient: -7.709438, 95%CI: (-11.03803, -4.380844), P < 0.001]; hence local recurrence rates were significantly lower [coefficient: -4.033528, 95%CI: (-6.151498, -1.915559),P < 0.01]. A higher rate of esophageal stenosis was observed following ESD [coefficient: 7.322266, 95%CI: (3.810146, 10.83439), P < 0.001]. A significantly greater number of SCC patients were submitted to surgery (log-odds, ADC: -2.1206 ± 0.6249 vs SCC: 4.1356 ± 0.4038, P < 0.05). The odds for re-classification of tumor stage after endoscopic resection were 53% and 39% for ADC and SCC, respectively. Local tumor recurrence was best predicted by grade 3 differentiation and piecemeal resection, metachronous cancer development by the carcinoma in situ component, and lymph node positivity by lymphovascular invasion. With regard to surgically resected patients: Significant differences in patients with positive lymph nodes were observed between ADC and SCC [coefficient: 1.889569, 95%CI: (0.3945146, 3.384624), P<0.01). In contrast, lymphovascular and microvascular invasion and grade 3 patients between histologic types were comparable, the respective rank order of the predictors of lymph node positivity was: Grade 3, lymphovascular invasion (L+), microvascular invasion (V+), submucosal (Sm) 3 invasion, Sm2 invasion and Sm1 invasion. Histologic type (ADC/SCC) was not included in the model. The best predictors for SCC lymph node positivity were Sm3 invasion and (V+). For ADC, the most important predictor was (L+). CONCLUSION: Local tumor recurrence is predicted by grade 3, metachronous cancer by the carcinoma insitu component, and lymph node positivity by L+. T1b cancer should be treated with surgical resection.

High miR-196a levels promote the oncogenic phenotype of colorectal cancer cells

AIM： To analyze the relevance of the microRNA miR-196a for colorectal oncogenesis.METHODS： The impact of miR-196a on the restriction targets HoxA7, HoxBS, HoxC8 and HoxD8 was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） after transient transfection of SW480 cancer cells. The miR-196a transcription profile in colorectalcancer samples, mucosa samples and diverse cancercell lines was quantified by RT-PCR. Transiently miR-196a-transfected colorectal cancer cells were used for diverse functional assays in vitro and for a xenograft lung metastasis model in vivo.RESULTS： HoxA7, HoxB8, HoxC8 and HoxD8 wererestricted by miR-196a in a dose-dependent andgene-specific manner. High levels of miR-196aactivated the AKT signaling pathway as indicated byincreased phosphorylation of AKT. In addition, highlevels of miR-196a promoted cancer cell detachment,migration, invasion and chemosensitivity towardsplatin derivatives but did not impact on proliferationor apoptosis. Furthermore, miR-196a increased thedevelopment of lung metastases in mice after tail veininjection.

Multidisciplinary management of gastric and gastroesophageal cancers

Carcinomas of the stomach and gastroesophageal junction are among the five top leading cancer types worldwide. In spite of radical surgical R0 resections being the basis of cure of gastric cancer, surgery alone provides long-term survival in only 30% of patients with advanced International Union Against Cancer （UICC） stages in Western countries because of the high risk of recurrence and metachronous metastases. However, recent large phase-Ⅲ studies improved the diagnostic and therapeutic options in gastric cancers, indicating a more multidisciplinary management of the disease. Multimodal strategies combining different neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant protocols have clearly improved the gastric cancer prognosis when combined with surgery with curative intention. In particular, the perioperative （neoadjuvant, adjuvant） chemotherapy is now a well-established new standard of care for advanced tumors. Adjuvant therapy alone should be carefully discussed after surgical resection, mainly in individual patients with large lymph node positive tumors when neoadjuvant therapy could not be done. The palliative treatment options have also been remarkably improved with new chemotherapeutic agents and will further be enhanced with targeted therapies such as different monoclonal antibodies. This article reviews the most relevant literature on the multidisciplinary management of gastric and gastroesophageal cancer, and discusses future strategies toimprove Iocoregional failures.

Coexpression of receptor-tyrosine-kinases in gastric adenocarcinoma-a rationale for a molecular targeting strategy?

AIM： To define the （co-）expression pattern of target receptor-tyrosine-kinases （RTK） in human gastric adenocarcinoma. METHODS： The （co-）expression pattern of VEGFR1-3, PDGFR（α/β and EGFR1 was analyzed by RT-PCR in 51 human gastric adenocarcinomas. In addition, IHC staining was applied for confirmation of expression and analysis of RTK localisation. RESULTS： The majority of samples revealed a VEGFR1 （98%）, VEGFR2 （80%）, VEGFR3 （67%）, PDGFRα （82%） and PDGFRβ （82%） expression, whereas only 62% exhibited an EGFR1 expression. 78% of cancers expressed at least four out of six RTKs. While VEGFR1-3 and PDGFRα revealed a predominantly cytoplasmatic staining in tumor cells, accompanied by an additional nuclear staining for VEGFR3, EGFR1 was almost exclusively detected on the membrane of tumor cells. PDGFRβ was restricted to stromal pericytes, which also depicted a PDGFRα expression. CONCLUSION： Our results reveal a high rate ofreceptor-tyrosine-kinases coexpression in gastric adenocarcinoma and might therefore encourage an application of multiple-target RTK-inhibitors within a combination therapy.

Feasibility of confocal endomicroscopy in the diagnosis of pediatric gastrointestinal disorders

AIM： To evaluate the feasibility and utility of confocal laser endomicroscopy （CLE） in the description of normal gastrointestinal （GI） mucosa and in the diagnosis of GI disorders in children, in comparison to histology.METHODS： Forty-four patients （19 female） median age 10.9 years （range 0.7-16.6 years） with suspected or known GI pathology underwent esophago-gastro- duodenoscopy （OGD） （n = 36） and/or ileocolonoscopy （IC） （n = 31） with CLE using sodium fluorescein and acriflavine as contrast agents. Histological sections were compared with same site confocal images by two experienced pediatric and GI histopathologists and endoscopists, respectively.RESULTS： Duodenum and ileum were intubated in all but one patient undergoing OGD and IC. The median procedure time was 16.4 min （range 7-25 rain） for OGD and 27.9 min （range 15-45 min） for IC. A total of 4798 confocal images were compared with 153 biopsies from the upper GI tract from 36 procedures, and 4661 confocal images were compared with 188 biopsies from the ileocolon from 31 procedures.Confocal images were comparable to conventional histology both in normal and in pathological conditions such as esophagitis, Helicobacter pylori gastritis, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, colonic heterotopia, and graft versus host disease.CONCLUSION： CLE offers the prospect of targeting biopsies to abnormal mucosa, thereby increasing diagnostic yield, reducing the number of biopsies, decreasing the burden on the histopathological services, and reducing costs.

Killing of p53-deficient hepatoma cells by parvovirus H-1 and chemotherapeutics requires promyelocytic leukemia protein

AIM: To evaluate the synergistic targeting and killing of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells lacking p53 by the oncolytic autonomous parvovirus (PV) H-1 and chemotherapeutic agents and its dependence on functional promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML). METHODS: The role of p53 and PML in regulating cy-totoxicity and gene transfer mediated by wild-type (wt) PV H-1 were explored in two pairs of isogenic human hepatoma cell lines with different p53 status. Further-more,H-1 PV infection was combined with cytostatic drug treatment. RESULTS: While the HCC cells with different p53 status studied were all susceptible to H-1 PV-induced apoptosis,the cytotoxicity of H-1 PV was morepronounced in p53-negative than in p53-positive cells. Apoptosis rates in p53-negative cell lines treated by genotoxic drugs were further enhanced by a treatment with H-1 PV. In flow cytometric analyses,H-1 PV infection resulted in a reduction of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential. In addition,H-1 PV cells showed a significant increase in PML expression. Knocking down PML expression resulted in a striking reduction of the level of H-1 PV infected tumor cell death. CONCLUSION: H-1 PV is a suitable agent to circumvent the resistance of p53-negative HCC cells to genotoxic agents,and it enhances the apoptotic process which is dependent on functional PML. Thus,H-1 PV and its oncolytic vector derivatives may be considered as therapeutic options for HCC,particularly for p53-negative tumors.

Speciation and Mobility of Arsenic in Agricultural Lime Speciation

Agricultural liming materials are often applied to the adjustment of soil acidity and the improvement of plant growth and microbial functionality.Relatively low-grade agricultural lime was found to contain up to 125 mg/kg arsenic(As),which is above any fertilizing materials’ toxicity threshold limit.Several techniques were employed to determine the speciation of the arsenic.Results from microprobe analyses suggest that minor minerals such as black and brown dendrites are the source of high arsenic concentrations in the samples.X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy provided further information that ferrihydrite and crystalline goethite are responsible for hosting the high concentration of arsenic with Fe/As molar ratio in around 100.A five-step sequential extraction demon-

Sustainable Tourism in Western Thessaly of Greece

Tourism is one of the main leisure activities of individuals and in recent decades appears as a multifaceted phenomenon with social, economic, environmental, and further dimensions. It represents a multi-sector contributor to the economy at the global nation, regional and local level and is marked as a decisive course of development in many areas, both the developed and the developing world. Particularly for Greece, amid at the current crisis, the development of tourism is a strategic objective of high priority contemporary tourism policy for the country required to connect and combine tourism with actions related to prevention of environmental impacts fi＇om such process, with technological improvements, public awareness, public information, and participation （community, Non Governmental Organizations）. In the present study the underlying needs for the development of alternative tourism degraded in generally Western Thessaly. In the literature approaching the recording of some important but dormant for the time being, comparative advantages, the study concludes that the place can play an important role in tourism products, not only in Greece but also in the region.

Amplitude analysis of the decays D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(+)π^(−)and D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(0)π^(0)

Using e^(+)e^(−)annihilation data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb^(−1)taken at the center-of-mass energy√s=3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector,a joint amplitude analysis is performed on the decays D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(+)π^(−)and D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(0)π^(0)(non-η).The fit fractions of individual components are obtained,and large interferences among the dominant components of the decays D^(0)→a_(1)(1260)π,D^(0)→π(1300)π,D^(0)→ρ(770)ρ(770),and D^(0)→2(ππ)_(S)are observed in both channels.With the obtained amplitude model,the CP-even fractions of D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(+)π^(−)and D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(0)π^(0)(non-η)are determined to be(75.2±1.1_(stat).±1.5_(syst.))%and(68.9±1.5_(stat).±2.4_(syst.))%,respectively.The branching fractions of D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(+)π^(−)and D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(0)π^(0)(non-η)are measured to be(0.688±0.010_(stat.)±0.010_(syst.))%and(0.951±0.025_(stat.)±0.021_(syst.))%,respectively.The amplitude analysis provides an important model for the binning strategy in measuring the strong phase parameters of D^(0)→4πwhen used to determine the CKM angleγ(ϕ_(3))via the B^(−)→DK^(−)decay.

Determination of the number ofψ(3686)events taken at BESⅢ

The number ofψ(3686)events collected by the BESⅢdetector during the 2021 run period is determined to be(2259.3±11.1)×10~6 by counting inclusiveψ(3686)hadronic events.The uncertainty is systematic and the statistical uncertainty is negligible.Meanwhile,the numbers ofψ(3686)events collected during the 2009 and 2012run periods are updated to be(107.7±0.6)×10~6 and(345.4±2.6)×10~6,respectively.Both numbers are consistent with the previous measurements within one standard deviation.The total number ofψ(3686)events in the three data samples is(2712.4±14.3)×10~6.

Chemokine receptor CXCR4-prognostic factor for gastrointestinal tumors

To review the implication of CXCR4 for gastrointestinal cancer, a ＂Pubmed＂ analysis was performed in order to evaluate the relevance of CXCR4 and its ligands for gastrointestinal cancers. Search terms applied were ＂cancer, malignoma, esophageal, gastric, colon, colorectal, hepatic, pancreatic, CXCR4, SDF- 1α, and SDF-1β＂. CXCR4 expression correlated with dissemination of diverse gastrointestinal malignomas. The CXCR4 ligand SDF-1α might act as ＂chemorepellent＂ while SDF-1β might act as ＂chemorepellent＂ for CTLs, inducing tumor rejection. The paracrine expression of SDF-1α was furthermore closely associated with neoangiogenesis. CXCR4 and its ligands influence the dissemination, immune rejection, and neoangiogenesis of human gastrointestinal cancers. Inhibition of CXCR4 might be an interesting therapeutic option.

Oligodendrocytes in Mouse Corpus Callosum are Coupled Via Gap Junction Channels Formed by Connexin47 and Connexin32

已有的超微结构研究显示,白质中的少突胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞之间存在缝隙连接,但少突胶质细胞之间不存在缝隙连接,虽然体外培养的少突胶质细胞可形成功能性缝隙连接。本文研究新生小鼠胼胝体急性脑片中的少突胶质细胞的功能性连接。以全细胞膜片钳技术用生物胞素(一种可渗透的缝隙连接示踪剂)标记少突胶质细胞。平均61个细胞为链霉亲和素-Cy3标记的生物胞素阳性。约77%的连结细胞表达少突胶质细胞标志蛋白CNPase阳性染色,9%表达星形胶质细胞标志蛋白GFAP阳性,14%为CNPase和GFAP阴性。后者的大部分表达Olig2和一些NG2(少突胶质细胞前体细胞的标志物)。少突胶质细胞表达Cx47、Cx32和Cx29,星形胶质细胞表达Cx43和Cx30。在Cx47敲除小鼠中,连结细胞的数量减少80%。单独删除Cx32或Cx29并不能显著减少连结细胞的数量,但Cx32/Cx47双缺陷小鼠中没有观察到相互连结的细胞。Cx47敲除完全消除了少突胶质细胞与星形胶质细胞间的耦联。在Cx43敲除动物中,少突胶质细胞-星形胶质细胞间连接仍然存在,但与少突胶质细胞前体细胞间的耦联没有被观察到。在Cx43/Cx30双敲除小鼠中,少突胶质细胞-星形胶质细胞连接几乎不存在。解开连结的少突胶质细胞显示为较高的膜输入电阻。本文认为,白质中的少突胶质细胞依靠Cx47和Cx32的表达形成功能性的合胞体,而星形胶质蛋白缝隙连接蛋白的表达能提升此网络的大小。

Last line therapy with sorafenib in colorectal cancer: A retrospective analysis

AIM: To analyze the efficacy of last line sorafenib treatment in colorectal cancer patients. METHODS: All patients receiving chemotherapy for colorectal cancer in the outpatient clinic of the University of Mainz since 2006 were retrospectively analyzed for last line sorafenib exposure. Charts of identified patients were analyzed for clinic-pathological parameters, like data on gender, age, date of initial diagnosis, UICC stage, number and kind of the pretherapies, therapy start and end of sorafenib, sorafenib mediated treatment cessation, side effects, response rates, time to progression and overall survival. RESULTS: Ten patients with a median of 3.0 prior chemotherapy lines had received a last line sorafenib therapy either alone(10%) or in combination with 5-fluorouracil derivates(90%). All patients suffered from colorectal cancer stage UICC 4 and were routinely seen in 2-wk intervals in the oncology outpatient clinic. Median duration of treatment was 142.0 d. At 8 wk 80% of patients showed stable disease but we did not observe any remissions. Median time to progression was 140.5 d(4.7 mo), while median overall survival reached 176.5 d. One patient ceased treatment due to side effects. Reason for treatment stop was bleeding complication in one case and non-specified sorafenib intolerance in another case. Due to the retrospective approach we did not further quantify side effects.CONCLUSION: This retrospective analysis encourages further investigation of sorafenib in colorectal cancer last line therapy.

《香港、澳门和珠江三角洲——地理概述》书评(英文)

Koon-kwai WONG(Ed·):Hong Kong,Macao and the Pearl River Delta:A Geographical Survey.Pp·386,Hong Kong(Hong Kong Educational Publishing Co.),E-mail:sales@hkep.com;2009.ISBN

Studies on Two Exoenzymes Which Lyse Wine-Spoiling Bacteria

Microorganisms play an important role in the conversion of grape juice into wine. Different species of yeast are mainly responsible for the production of ethanol. Lactic acid bacteria also occur regularly in must or wine. They are mostly undesirable due to their capacity to produce wine-spoiling compounds. Especially strains of Lactobacillus brevis are able to produce biogenic amines as well as precursors of ethyl carbamate and different off-flavours (N-heterocycles, volatile phenols). By excessive formation of acetic acid some lactobacilli may even induce slow/stuck grape juice fermentations. In conventional winemaking, additions of sulphite or lysozyme are used to inhibit the growth of spoilage microorganisms. There is a strong interest in finding alternatives, because of the reduced activity of lysozyme in the wine milieu, a limited growth-inhibiting activity against lactic acid bacteria, and some health risks described regarding the application of sulphite. We found that a culture supernatant of Streptomyces albidoflavus B 578 lysed all bacteria previously isolated from must and wine samples (Acetobacter sp., Lactobacillus sp., Leuconostoc sp., Oenococcus oeni, Pediococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp.) including 35 strains of L. brevis. Two bacteriolytic exoenzymes were isolated and characterized from the streptomycete: a muramidase (24 kDa) and a protease (17 kDa). Both hydrolyzed cell wall components of L. brevis (peptidoglycan, S-layer proteins) and were active under wine-relevant conditions.

Phase separating Rho:a widespread regulatory function of disordered regions in proteins revealed in bacteria

A recent study published in Science by Krypotou et al.reported the role of an intrinsically disordered region(IDR)in the transcription termination Rho protein from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron:in response to starvation Rho phase separated,which triggered an increase in Rho activity and expression changes.1 These results demonstrate that a highly conserved protein can acquire new regulatory properties in evolution by gaining an IDR that leads to protein phase separation.

Observation of e^(+)e^(-)→pppñπ-+c.c.

Using data taken at 29 center-of-mass energies between 4.16 and 4.70 GeV with the BESⅢdetector at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of approximately 18.8 fb^(-1),the process e^(+)e^(-)→pppñπ+c.c.is observed for the first time with a statistical significance of 11.5σ.The average Born cross sections in the energy ranges of(4.160,4.380)GeV,(4.400,4.600)GeV and(4.610,4.700)GeV are measured to be(21.5±5.7±1.2)fb,(46.3±10.6±2.5)fb and(59.0±9.4±3.2)fb,respectively,where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic.The line shapes of the pñ and ppπ^(-)invariant mass spectra are consistent with phase space distributions,indicating that no hexaquark or di-baryon state is observed.

Observations of the Cabibbo-Suppressed decays Λ_(c)^(+)→nπ+π^(0),nπ^(+)π^(-)π^(+) and the Cabibbo-Favored decay Λ_(c)^(+)→nK^(-)π^(+)π^(+)

Using electron-positron annihilation data samples corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.5 fb-1,collected by the BESⅢdetector in the energy region between 4599.53 MeV and 4698.82 MeV,we report the first observations of the Cabibbo-suppressed decaysΛ_(c)^(+)→nπ^(+)π^(0),Λ_(c)^(+)→nπ^(+)π^(-)π^(+),and the Cabibbo-favored decayΛ_(c)^(+)→nK^(-)π^(+)π^(+)with statistical significances of 7.9σ,7.8σ,and>10σ,respectively.The branching fractions of these decays are measured to be B(Λ_(c)^(+)→nπ^(+)π^(0))=(0.64±0.09±0.02)%,B(Λ_(c)^(+)→nπ^(+)π^(-)π^(+))=(0.45±0.07±0.03)%,and B(Λ_(c)^(+)→nK^(-)π^(+)π^(+))=(1.90±0.08±0.09)%,where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic.We find that the branching fraction of the decayΛ_(c)^(+)→nπ^(+)π^(0)is about one order of magnitude higher than that ofΛ_(c)^(+)→nπ^(+).

STCF conceptual design report (Volume 1): Physics & detector

The superτ-charm facility(STCF)is an electron–positron collider proposed by the Chinese particle physics community.It is designed to operate in a center-of-mass energy range from 2 to 7 GeV with a peak luminosity of 0.5×10^(35) cm^(–2)·s^(–1) or higher.The STCF will produce a data sample about a factor of 100 larger than that of the presentτ-charm factory—the BEPCII,providing a unique platform for exploring the asymmetry of matter-antimatter(charge-parity violation),in-depth studies of the internal structure of hadrons and the nature of non-perturbative strong interactions,as well as searching for exotic hadrons and physics beyond the Standard Model.The STCF project in China is under development with an extensive R&D program.This document presents the physics opportunities at the STCF,describes conceptual designs of the STCF detector system,and discusses future plans for detector R&D and physics case studies.