Three-dimensional MHD flow over a shrinking sheet: Analytical solution and stability analysis

The magnetohydrodynamic（MHD） steady and unsteady axisymmetric flows of a viscous fluid over a two-dimensional shrinking sheet are addressed. The mathematical analysis is carried out in the presence of a large magnetic field. The steady state problem results in a singular perturbation problem having an infinite domain singularity. The secular term appearing in the solution is removed and a two-term uniformly valid solution is derived using the Lindstedt–Poincaré technique. This asymptotic solution is validated by comparing it with the numerical solution. The solution for the unsteady problem is also presented analytically in the asymptotic limit of large magnetic field. The results of velocity profile and skin friction are shown graphically to explore the physical features of the flow field. The stability analysis of the unsteady flow is made to validate the asymptotic solution.

Pleural Effusion and Ascites Associated with Endometriosis-Mimicking Tuberculosis

Objective: To report a case of Endometriosis associated with Pleural effusion. Design: Case report. Setting: Tertiary care center. Patient(s): A 30-year old woman presented with a right pleural effusion complicated with pneumothorax-mimicking TB. Intervention(s): Thoracentesis, pleural biopsy by a video-assisted thoracic surgery, pleurodesis, thoracic wedge resection, CT chest, CT Abdomen, and diagnostic Laparoscopy. Main Outcome Measure(s): After taking a GnRH analog, there was no recurrence of pleural effusion nor ascites. Result(s): Thoracentesis and wedge resection of lung ruled out malignancy. An omental mass biopsy obtained from diagnostic laparoscopy after the patient returned with drug-induced hepatitis, and ascites revealed endometriosis. Conclusion(s): Thoracic endometriosis is rare;however, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis by unknown causes of pleural effusion in reproductive age timeframe in women.

Evaluation of Solar Energy Potential for the Red Sea Project, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

There has been extreme utilization of petroleum derivatives in recent decades for the generation of electrical vitality, which is contaminating nature in a regularly expanding approach to respond to the exponential demand for electrical power. In light of the essential vision of Saudi Arabia’s government towards the fractional change of reliance on oil as a national wellspring of economy, there is consideration for dependence on resources available inside the country, especially the potentials of renewable sources as alternatives. Saudi Arabia appreciates its geographical advantage inside the sun-belt zone, which has the most impressive sun-situated radiation total on earth. It is a correlative ideal position to consider interest in this valuable asset, through which it can achieve its vision by virtue of its promising whole deal prospects. This study highlights an approach for creating sunlight-based maps that examines the intensity of sun-radiation and its viability to deliver power. The system is to record the measures of sunlight radiation from several allocated data acquisition sites over the study area and balance them with the standard count, and later, make a sun-map in light of the yield. Likewise, the study will register the rate of energy from sun-situated radiation for the area and make preliminary proposals for the achievement of this test.

Hepatitis B virus,HBx mutants and their role in hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the leading causes of death induced by cancer in the modern world and majority of the cases are related to chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.HBV-encoded X protein(HBx)is known to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of viral induced HCC.HBx is a multifunctional protein of17 kDa which modulates several cellular processes by direct or indirect interaction with a repertoire of host factors resulting in HCC.HBX might interfere with several cellular processes such as oxidative stress,DNA repair,signal transduction,transcription,protein degradation,cell cycle progression and apoptosis.A number of reports have indicated that HBx is one of the most common viral ORFs that is often integrated into the host genome and its sequence variants play a crucial role in HCC.By mutational or deletion analysis it was shown that carboxy terminal of HBx has a likely role in protein-protein interactions,transcriptional transactivation,DNA repair,cell,signaling and pathogenesis of HCC.The accumulated evidence thus far suggests that it is difficult to understand the mechanistic nature of HBx associated HCC,and HBx mediated transcriptional transactivation and signaling pathways may be a major determinant.This article addresses the role of HBx in the development of HCC with particular emphasis on HBx mutants and their putative targets.

Potential mechanisms of hepatitis B virus induced liver injury

Chronic active hepatitis(CAH) is acknowledged as an imperative risk factor for the development of liver injury and hepatocellular carcinoma.The histological end points of CAH are chronic inflammation,fibrosis and cirrhosis which are coupled with increased DNA synthesis in cirrhotic vs healthy normal livers.The potential mechanism involved in CAH includes a combination of processes leading to liver cell necrosis,inflammation and cytokine production and liver scaring(fibrosis).The severity of liver damage is regulated by Hepatitis B virus genotypes and viral components.The viral and cellular factors that contribute to liver injury are discussed in this article.Liver injury caused by the viral infection affects many cellular processes such as cell signaling,apoptosis,transcription,DNA repair which in turn induce radical effects on cell survival,growth,transformation and maintenance.The consequence of such perturbations is resulted in the alteration of bile secretion,gluconeogenesis,glycolysis,detoxification and metabolism of carbohydrates,proteins,fat and balance of nutrients.The identification and elucidation of the molecular pathways perturbed by the viral proteins are important in order to design effective strategy to minimize and/or restore the hepatocytes injury.

Nonclassical Symmetries for Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations via Compatibility

The determining equations for the nonclassical symmetry reductions of nonlinear partial differential equations with arbitrary order can be obtained by requiring the compatibility between the original equations and the invariant surface conditions. The （2＋1）-dimensional shallow water wave equation, Boussinesq equation, and the dispersive wave equations in shallow water serve as examples i11ustrating how compatibility leads quickly and easily to the determining equations for their nonclassical symmetries.

Host nucleotide polymorphism in hepatitis B virusassociated hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is etiologically linked with hepatitis B virus(HBV) and is the leading cause of death amongst 80% of HBV patients. Among HBV affected patients, genetic factors are also involved in modifying the risk factors of HCC. However, the genetic factors that regulate progression to HCC still remain to be determined. In this review, we discuss several single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) which were reportedly associated with increased or reduced risk of HCC occurrence in patients with chronic HBV infection such as cyclooxygenase(COX)-2 expression specifically at COX-2-1195G/A in Chinese, Turkish and Egyptian populations, tumor necrosis factor α and the three most commonly studied SNPs: PAT-/+, Lys939Gln(A33512C, rs2228001) and Ala499Val(C21151T, rs2228000). In genome-wide association studies, strong associations have also been found at loci 1p36.22, 11q22.3, 6p21(rs1419881, rs3997872, rs7453920 and rs7768538), 8p12(rs2275959 and rs37821974) and 22q11.21. The genes implicated in these studies include HLA-DQB2, HLA-DQA1, TCF19, HLA-C, UBE2L3, LTL, FDX1, MICA, UBE4 B and PG. The SNPs found to be associated with the above-mentioned genes still require validation in association studies in order to be considered good prognostic candidates for HCC. Screening of these polymorphisms is very beneficial in clinical experiments to stratify the higher or lower risk for HCC and may help in designing effective and efficient HCC surveillance programs for chronic HBV-infected patients if further genetic vulnerabilities are detected.

Heat transfer analysis in peristaltic flow of MHD Jeffrey fluid with variable thermal conductivity

The effect of an inclined magnetic field in the peristaltic flow of a Jeffrey fluid with variable thermal conductivity is discussed. The temperature dependent thermal conductivity of fluid in an asymmetric channel is taken into account. A dimensionless nonlinear system subject to a long wavelength and a low Reynolds number is solved. The explicit expressions of the stream function, the axial velocity, the pressure gradient, and the temperature are obtained. The effects of all physical parameters on peristaltic transport and heat transfer characteristics are observed from graphical illustrations. The behaviors of θ∈ [0, π/2] and θ∈ [π/2, π] on fluid flow and heat transfer are found to be opposite. Further, the size of trapped bolus is greater for the case of the inclined magnetic field （θ≠ π/2） than that for the case of the transverse magnetic field （θ = π/2）. The heat transfer coefficient decreases when the constant thermal conductivity （Newtonian） fluid is changed to the variable thermal conductivity （Jeffrey） fluid.

Synthesis of New Fluorine/Phosphorus Substituted 6-(2’-Amino Phenyl)-3-Thioxo-1,2,4-Triazin-5(2H, 4H)One and Their Related Alkylated Systems as Molluscicidal Agent as against the Snails Responsible for Bilharziasis Diseases

New fluorine substituted 6-(5’-fluoro-2’-triphenylphosphiniminophenyl) 3-thioxo-1,2,4-triazin-5 (2H, 4H) one (2) was obtained via Wittig’s reaction of the corresponding 6-(5’-fluoro-2’-amino-phenyl)-3-thioxo-1,2,4-triazinone (1). Behavior of compound 2 towards alkylating agents and/or oxidizing agents was studied were, N-hydroxyl (3), Mannich base (4,5), S-alkyl (6,7,8) and thiazolo [3,2-b][1,2,4] triazinones (10-14) and or 3-disulfide (18), 3-sulfonic acid 19 and 1,2,4-triazin-3,5-Dionne (20) derivatives obtained. Structures of the new products are established by elemental and spectral data. The new targets obtained screened as Molluscicidalagents against Biomophlaria Alexandrina snails responsible for Bilharziasis diseases, in compare with Baylucide as standard drug.

Opaque Mineralogy as a Tracer of Magmatic History of Volcanic Rocks: an Example from the Neogene-Quaternary Harrat Rahat Intercontinental Volcanic Field, North Western Saudi Arabia

The Neogene-Quaternary Harrat Rahat volcanic field is part of the major intercontinental Harrat fields in western Saudi Arabia. It comprises lava flows of olivine basalt and hawaiite, in addition to mugearite, benmorite, and trachyte that occur mainly as domes, tuff cones and lava flows. Based on opaque mineralogy and mineral chemistry, the Harrat Rahat volcanic varieties are distinguished into Group I （olivine basalt and hawaiite） and Group II （mugearite, benmorite and trachyte）. The maximum forsterite content （-85） is encountered in zoned forsteritic olivine of Group I, whereas olivine of Group II is characterized by intermediate （Fo=50）, fayalitic （Fo=25） and pure fayalite in the mugearite, benmorite and trachyte, respectively. The more evolved varieties of Group II contain minerals that show enrichment of Fe2＋, Mn2~ and Na~ that indicates normal fractional crystallization. The common occurrence of indicates that pS＋ becomes saturated in this coarse apatite with titanomagnetite in the benmorite rock variety and drops again in trachyte. Cr-spinel is recorded in Group I varieties only and the Cr# （0.5） suggests lherzolite as a possible restite of the Harrat Rahat volcanics. The plots of Cr# vs. the forsterite content （Fo） suggest two distinct trends, which are typical of mixing of two basaltic magmas of different sources and different degrees of partial melting. The bimodality of Harrat Rahat Cr-spinel suggests possible derivation from recycled MORB slab in the mantle as indicated by the presence of high-Al spinel. It is believed that the subcontinental lithospheric mantle was modified by pervious subduction process and played the leading role in the genesis of the Harrat Rahat intraplate volcanics. The trachytes of the Harrat Rahat volcanic field were formed most probably by melting of a lower crust at the mantle-crust boundary. The increase in fo2 causes a decrease in Cr203, and A1203, and a strong increase in the proportion of Fe3＋ and Mg# of spinel crystallizing from the basaltic melt at T -1200~C. The olivine-pyroxene and olivine-spinel geothermometers yielded equilibrium temperature in the range of 935-1025~C, whereas the range of 〈500-850~C from single-pyroxene thermometry indicates either post crystallization re- equilibrium of the clinopyroxene, or the mineral is xenocrystic and re-equilibrated in a cooling basaltic magma.

All about Peyronie’s disease

Peyronie’s disease(PD)is an acquired connective tissue disorder of the tunica albuginea of the corpus cavernosum,characterized by excessive fibrosis and plaque formation.PD can result in significant physical and psychological morbidity;as it may prevent intercourse and cause adverse impacts on partner relationships.The exact etiology and pathophysiology remain unclear,and many misconceptions about the disease associations,course and treatment exist.The disease has two distinct stages.The acute stage is characterized by pain,and disease may progress during this stage.Non-surgical managements at this stage aim to alleviate pain and stabilize the disease.Results for non-surgical treatment are often conflicting.The chronic stage occurs 6e12 months later,where pain disappears and the deformity stabilizes.Surgical treatment is reserved for significant deformity or with inability to penetrative intercourse.The choice of the surgical technique depends on the length of the penis,degree of deformity,erectile function,patients’expectations and surgeon’s preference.

Three-dimensional unsteady squeezing flow with irreversibility

This exploration examines unsteady magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) three-dimensional flow of viscous material between rotating plates subject to radiation,Joule heating and chemical reaction.The non-linear partial differential system is re-structured into the ordinary differential expressions by the implication of appropriate transformations.The developed differential equations are computed by homotopy analysis technique.Numerical consequences have been accomplished by various values of emerging parameters.Coefficients of skin friction and heat and mass transfer rates have been scrutinized.Irreversibility analysis is carried out.Influence of various prominent variables on entropy generation is presented.Moreover,the temperature increases for higher Dufour number and concentration distribution reduces against Soret number.Higher squeezing parameter enhances velocity while concentration reduces with an increment in squeezing parameter.Both entropy rate and Bejan number increase against higher diffusion parameter.

Awareness and knowledge about glaucoma among patients visiting the screening clinic in Jeddah Eye Hospital,Saudi Arabia

AIM:To explore levels and determinants of awareness and knowledge about glaucoma among patients.METHODS:This was a cross-sectional study that included adult patients from October to the end of December 2018.A semi-structured questionnaire was designed by the researchers to measure the levels of awareness and knowledge about 18 basic information about glaucoma.The sheet was divided into 4 domains:types of glaucoma,risk factors,clinical features,and management.A knowledge score(KS,range=0-18)was calculated,with higher scores indicating higher levels.RESULTS:A total of 383 patients responded to the questionnaire,61.9%males,mean±SD age was 38.5±12.94 years old,and 61.6%had a university degree or higher.Of them,6.3%and 23.2%reported personal and family history of glaucoma,respectively.The most frequently reported source of information about glaucoma was another person with glaucoma(28.2%),followed by physicians(24.8%)and TV(19.6%).Knowledge by item ranged from 3.1%to 82.5%correctness rate,while KS showed mean=5.91 and median=5;and reliability testing of the knowledge scale showed Cronbach’s alpha=0.782.Higher KS were found among respondents with higher educational level(P=0.036),diabetes history(P=0.025),and personal(P<0.001)and family(P<0.001)history of glaucoma.CONCLUSION:This study reveals low awareness and knowledge levels about glaucoma among the attendees of a local eye care hospital,where several misconceptions about disease risk factors,clinical features,and management are identified.

Synthesis of Novel Fluorine Substituted Isolated and Fused Heterobicyclic Nitrogen Systems Bearing 6-(2’-Phosphorylanilido)-1,2,4-Triazin-5-One Moiety as Potential Inhibitor towards HIV-1 Activity

Novel 6-(5’-fluoro-2’-diphenylphosphorylanilido)-3-hydrazino-1,2,4-trizin-5 (2H) one (3) is achieved from hydrozinolysis of the corresponding 3-thioxo-analoges 2. Compound 2 is also obtained from phosphorylation of 6-(5’-fluoro-2’-aminophenyl)-3-thioxo-1,2,4-triazin-5(2H) one (1). Novel fluorine substituted isolated and/or fused heterobicyclic nitrogen systems bearing and/or containing, 6-phosphoryl anilido-1,2,4-trizin-5 (2H) one moiety (4 - 22) have been synthesized from ring closure reactions of compound 3 with π-acceptors activated carbon compounds in different medium and conditions. Structures of the products are characterized by MS, IR, UV-VIS, CH, N, and 1H/13CNMR spectral data. The new products have been evaluated as potential inhibitors towards HIV-1 activity.

Synthesis of Some More New Fluorinated 1,2,4-triazino[3,4-b][1,3,4]Thiadiazolonesand Their Molluscicidal Against Selective Snails - Part I

Some more new fluorinated 1,2,4-triasino[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazolones （6-9 and 11-16） have been synthesized from cyclocondensation of 5-hydrazino-2-（4＇-fluorophenyl）-1,3,4-thiadiazole with bifunctional oxygen and halogen compounds. Structures of the products have been deduced from their elemental, chemical and spectral data （UV, IIL 1H/13C NMR （nuclear magnetic resonance） and mass）. All the new compounds evaluated as molluscicidal against towards snails which responsible for Bilharziasis diseases.

pLoc-mGpos: Incorporate Key Gene Ontology Information into General PseAAC for Predicting Subcellular Localization of Gram-Positive Bacterial Proteins

The basic unit in life is cell.?It contains many protein molecules located at its different organelles. The growth and reproduction of a cell as well as most of its other biological functions are performed via these proteins. But proteins in different organelles or subcellular locations have different functions. Facing?the avalanche of protein sequences generated in the postgenomic age, we are challenged to develop high throughput tools for identifying the subcellular localization of proteins based on their sequence information alone. Although considerable efforts have been made in this regard, the problem is far apart from being solved yet. Most existing methods can be used to deal with single-location proteins only. Actually, proteins with multi-locations may have some special biological functions that are particularly important for drug targets. Using the ML-GKR (Multi-Label Gaussian Kernel Regression) method,?we developed a new predictor called “pLoc-mGpos” by in-depth extracting the key information from GO (Gene Ontology) into the Chou’s general PseAAC (Pseudo Amino Acid Composition)?for predicting the subcellular localization of Gram-positive bacterial proteins with both single and multiple location sites. Rigorous cross-validation on a same stringent benchmark dataset indicated that the proposed pLoc-mGpos predictor is remarkably superior to “iLoc-Gpos”, the state-of-the-art predictor for the same purpose.?To maximize the convenience of most experimental scientists, a user-friendly web-server for the new powerful predictor has been established at http://www.jci-bioinfo.cn/pLoc-mGpos/, by which users can easily get their desired results without the need to go through the complicated mathematics involved.

Optimizing the Synthesis of Ethyl tert-Butyl Ether in Continuous Catalytic Distillation Column Using New Ion Exchange Resin Catalyst

Liquid phase synthesis of one of the important fuel oxygenate, ethyl tert-butyl ether （ETBE）, from etha-nol and tert-butyl alcohol （TBA） has been studied in catalytic distillation column （CDC） using ion exchange resin catalyst CT-145H. A packed CDC of 1.2 m height and 50 mm diameter with indigenously developed reactive sec-tion packing was used to generate experimental data. Effect of different key variables on product purity in distillate, was investigated to find the optimum operating conditions for ETBE synthesis. The optimum conditions for 0.2 kg·s-1 of ethanol feed were found：reboiler duty of 375 W, molar feed ratio of 1︰1.3 of reactants, and reflux ratio of 7. Concentration profiles for each component along each column section at optimum conditions were also drawn. Neither output nor input multiplicity was observed at experimental conditions.

Kangaroo care and postpartum depression: The role of oxytocin

Problem: Postpartum depression occurs in about 10-22% of women after birth and adversely affects their health and the health of their newborn. Kangaroo care is known to have many health-related benefits for both the mother and her newborn.Purpose: The aim of this review was to gather the evidence linking the effects of kangaroo care with postpartum depression, specifically focusing on the proposed underlying mechanism involving the release of oxytocin. Method: The literature review was conducted by targeting PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar data-bases. The search terms used were postpartum depression, postnatal depression, oxytocin, oxytocin hormone, postpartum depression, kangaroo care, and skin-to-skin contact. Results: Kangaroo care was found to play an important role in decreasing the risk for postpartum depression. Skin-to-skin contact during kangaroo care was found to trigger the release of oxytocin, which is hypothesized to minimize the risk for depressive symptoms as well as decrease maternal stress. The oxytocinergic system regulates the release of oxytocin, which is an effect that is opposite that which occurs with the human stress response, in which the sympathetic nervous system is activated to release catecholamines in response to harmful or threatening stimuli. The oxytocinergic system regulates calmness, connection, and socialization processes. During kangaroo care, oxytocin blocks the stress response and decreases the circulation of catecholamines, yielding positive outcomes that include maternal stress reduction and prevention of postpartum depression. Conclusion: Kangaroo care can be used as a non-pharmacological intervention to prevent or decrease the risk of postpartum depression.

Flood Risk Map Based on GIS, and Multi Criteria Techniques (Case Study Terengganu Malaysia)

The heavy floods in the Terengganu have showed an increasing trend in recent years. Terrain?characteristics of land and meteorological properties of the region are main natural factors for?this?disaster. In this paper, Terengganu was selected as the case study for flood risk analysis. Geographical Information System (GIS) is integrated with Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to evaluate the potential flood risk areas. Some of the causative factors for flooding in watershed are taken into account as annual rainfall, basin slope, drainage network and the type of soil. The spatial multi-criteria analysis was used to rank and display potential locations, while the analytical hierarchy process method was used to compute the priority weights of each criterion. Using AHP, the percentages derived from the factors were Rainfall 38.7%, Drainage network 27.5%, Slope of the river basin 19.8% and Soil type 14%. At the end of the study, a map of flood risk areas was?generated and validated with a view to assisting decision makers on the menace posed by the disaster.

GENERALIZED I-NONEXPANSIVE MAPS AND INVARIANT APPROXIMATION RESULTS IN p-NORMED SPACES

Abstract We extend the concept of R-subeommuting maps due to Shahzad to the case of non-starshaped domain and obtain a common fixed point result for this class of maps on non-starshaped domain in the setup of p-norraed spaces. As applications, we establish noncommutative versions of various best approximation results for generalized I-nonexpansive maps on non-starshaped domain. Our results unify and extend that of Al- Thagafi, Dotson, IIabiniak, Jungck and Senna, Latif, Sahab, Khan and Sessa and Shahzad.