Association of physical activity with risk of chronic kidney disease in China:A population-based cohort study

Background:Information on the association between physical activity(PA)and the risk of chronic kidney disease(CKD)is limited.We aimed to explore the associations of total,domain-specific,and intensity-specific PA with CKD and its subtypes in China.Methods:The study included 475,376 adults from the China Kadoorie Biobank aged 30-79 years during 2004-2008 at baseline.An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the information about PA,which was quantified as metabolic equivalent of task hours per day(MET-h/day)and categorized into 4 groups based on quartiles.Cox regression was used to analyze the association between PA and CKD risk.Results:During a median follow-up of 12.1 years,5415 incident CKD cases were documented,including 1159 incident diabetic kidney disease(DKD)cases and 362 incident hypertensive nephropathy(HTN)cases.Total PA was inversely associated with CKD risk,with an adjusted hazard ratio(HR,95%confidence interval(95%CI))of 0.83(0.75-0.92)for incident CKD in the highest quartile of total PA as compared with participants in the lowest quartile.Similar results were observed for risk of DKD and HTN,and the corresponding HRs(95%CIs)were 0.75(0.58-0.97)for DKD risk and 0.56(0.37-0.85)for HTN risk.Increased nonoccupational PA,low-intensity PA,and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA were significantly associated with a decreased risk of CKD,with HRs(95%CIs)of 0.80(0.73-0.88),0.85(0.77-0.94),and 0.85(0.76-0.95)in the highest quartile,respectively.Conclusion:PA,including nonoccupational PA,low-intensity PA,and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA,was inversely associated with the risk of CKD,including DKD,HTN,and other CKD,and such associations were dose dependent.

Plasma Metabonomics of Human Adenovirus-infected Patients with Pneumonia and Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

Objective Human adenovirus(HAdV)infection is common and can develop to serious conditions with high mortality,yet the mechanism of HAdV infection remains unclear.In the present study,the serum metabolite profiles of HAdV-7-infected patients with pneumonia or upper respiratory tract infection(URTI)were explored.Methods In total,35 patients were enrolled in the study following an outbreak of HAdV-7 in the army,of whom 14 had pneumonia and 21 had URTI.Blood samples were collected at the acute stage and at the recovery stage and were analyzed by untargeted metabolomics.Results Over 90% of the differential metabolites identified between the pneumonia patients and URTI patients were lipids and lipid-like molecules,including glycerophospholipids,fatty acyls,and sphingolipids.The metabolic pathways that were significantly enriched were primarily the lipid metabolism pathways,including sphingolipid metabolism,glycerophospholipid metabolism,and linoleic acid metabolism.The sphingolipid metabolism was identified as a significantly differential pathway between the pneumonia patients and URTI patients and between the acute and recovery stages for the pneumonia patients,but not between the acute and recovery stages for the URTI patients.Ceramide and lactosylceramide,involved in sphingolipid metabolism,were significantly higher in the pneumonia patients than in the URTI patients with good discrimination abilities[area under curve(AUC)0.742 and 0.716,respectively;combination AUC 0.801].Conclusion Our results suggested that HAdV modulated lipid metabolism for both the patients with URTI and pneumonia,especially the sphingolipid metabolism involving ceramide and lactosylceramide,which might thus be a potential intervention target in the treatment of HAdV infection.

Coverage and Factors Associated with Acceptance and Satisfaction of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention in Six Health Zones in Benin

Introduction: Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) was adopted in 2019 in two health zones in Benin where malaria transmission is very high. Positive results led to the extension of the intervention to other zones with additional financial support. Annual SMC campaigns from 2021 to 2023 were carried out in all six health zones in the Atacora and Alibori departments. In five years of implementation, various approaches have been developed on the basis of a communication plan facilitating buy-in and acceptance by all stakeholders. The aim of this study was to assess the effective coverage and acceptance of the SMC by their beneficiary populations in 2023. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study with an analytical focus. Data collection took place from November 30 to December 13, 2023. The study population consisted of children under 5 years of age residing in the departments of Atacora and Alibori in northern Benin. A total of 3573 children under 5 years of age were included in the study, and their parents or guardians were interviewed. Results: During the 2023 campaign, 87.7% of targets were reached by SMC administration and 100.00% of children had received at least one dose of SMC by the fourth visit. Effective therapeutic coverage of SMC was 70.55%, with 99.60% in BNK, 69.40% in KGS, 16.20% in MK, 56.10% in 2KP, 92.40% in NBT and 89.60% in TMC. This coverage was statistically related to child and respondent ages (p Conclusion: SMC is a strategy accepted by the population, and the main reasons for non-participation in SMC were dominated by the absence of mothers or babysitters when the agents visited.

Disparities in Prevalence and Determinants of Hypertension amongst Bamiléké Adults Residing in Two Different Agroecological Zones of Cameroon

Background: Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension (HTN) are one of the main causes of death in Cameroon. This study aimed at assessing prevalence disparities and determinants of hypertension amongst Bamiléké adults residing in two different agroecological zones of Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive survey was conducted among Bamiléké population living in the Highlands zone (Western region) and in the Monomodal Rainforest zone (Littoral region) of Cameroon from August 2016 to August 2017. Participants (962) were aged at least 20 years old. Data on sociodemographic, hemodynamic, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters and lifestyle of the participants were collected. Results: Results obtained revealed that 34.2% were hypertensive and those residing in the highland zone were more affected than those living in the monomodal rainforest zone (44.5% vs 22.9%). The different subtypes of HTN (Isolated systolic hypertension (14.1%), isolated diastolic hypertension (7.2%) and Systo-diastolic hypertension (23.3%)) were also more prevalent in the Highlands Zone. The most prevalent stage of HTN was pre-HTN (31.5%). However, people living in the monomodal rainforest zone were more affected by pre-HTN compared to Bamiléké living in the highland zone (33.6% vs. 29.6%). Results also showed that high consumption (≥ 3 times/week) of carbohydrate- and fat-rich foods, ageing, obesity, and marital status were associated with high blood pressure in both agroecological zones. Besides, secondary education (OR = 0.68;95% CI: 0.42 - 0.99) in the Highlands Zone and high (≥3 times/week) vegetable consumption (OR = 0.66;95% CI: 0.44 - 0.98) in the Monomodal Rainforest Zone had a protective effect on elevated blood pressure of population. Conclusion: There is a disparity in the prevalence of hypertension and some of its determinants among Bamiléké adults residing in different agroecological zones. This work highlights the need to advocate for local and ethno-cultural health policies to prevent, diagnose and manage hypertension.

Epidemic and Maintenance of Rabies in Chinese Ferret Badgers (Melogale moschata) indicated by Epidemiology and the Molecular Signatures of Rabies Viruses

An epidemic of Chinese ferret badger-associated human rabies was investigated in Wuyuan county, Jiangxi province and rabies viruses isolates from ferret badgers in different districts in Jiangxi and Zhejiang provinces were sequenced with their nucleotides and amino acids and aligned for epidemiological analysis. The results showed that the human rabies in Wuyuan are only associated with ferret badger bites; the rabies virus can be isolated in a high percentage of ferret badgers in the epidemic areas in Jiangxi and Zhejiang provinces; the isolates share the same molecular features in nucleotides and have characteristic amino acid signatures, i.e., 2 sites in the nucleoprotein and 3 sites in the glycoprotein, that are distinct from virus isolates from dogs in the same region. We conclude that rabies in Chinese ferret badgers has formed an independent transmission cycle and ferret badgers may serve as another important rabies reservoir independent of dog rabies in China.

Impact of comorbidities on the severity of chronic hepatitis B at presentation

AIM:To evaluate the clinical relevance of each cofactor on clinical presentation of chronic hepatitis B.METHODS:Out of 1366 hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) positive subjects consecutively observed in 79 Italian hospitals,53(4.3%) showed as the only cofactor hepatitis D virus(HDV) infection [hepatitis B virus(HBV)/HDV group],130(9.5%) hepatitis C virus(HCV)(group HBV/HCV),6(0.4%) human immunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)(group HBV/HIV),138(10.2%) alcohol abuse(group HBV/alcohol);109(8.0%) subjects had at least two cofactors and 924 were in the cofactor-free(CF) group.RESULTS:Compared with patients in group CF those in group HBV/alcohol were older and more frequently had cirrhosis(P < 0.001),those in group HBV/HDV were younger(P < 0.001),more frequently resided in the south of the country and had cirrhosis(P <0.001),those in group HBV/HCV were older(P < 0.001) and more frequently had cirrhosis(P < 0.001).These cofactors were all independent predictors of liver cirrhosis in HBsAg positive patients.Multivariate analysis showed that an older age [odds ratio(OR) 1.06,95% CI:1.05-1.08],alcohol abuse with more than 8 drinks daily(OR 2.89,95% CI:1.81-4.62) and anti-HDV positivity(OR 3.48,95% CI:2.16-5.58) are all independently associated with liver cirrhosis.This association was found also for anti-HCV positivity in univariate analysis,but it was no longer associated(OR 1.23,95% CI:0.84-1.80) at multivariate analysis.CONCLUSION:Older age,HDV infection and alcohol abuse are the major determinants of severe liver disease in chronic HBV infection,while HCV replication plays a lesser role in the severity of hepatic damage.

Association of the Common Genetic Variant Upstream of INSIG2 Gene with Obesity Related Phenotypes in Chinese Children and Adolescents

Objective To study the association between the rs7566605 variant of INSIG2 and obesity-related phenotypes in Chinese children and adolescents. Methods The study sample consisted of two independent cohorts of Chinese children and adolescents. Anthropometric indices, lipids, blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin and percentage of fat mass were determined. PCR with restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was performed for genotyping the rs7566605 variant. Results In each of the two independent cohorts, no significant association was observed between rs7566605 and obesity under additive, dominant or recessive model. We also did not detect any difference in the genotype frequency between all the obese children and controls. Furthermore, we did not find evidence of an association between body composition indices and metabolic phenotypes in all children. However, the triglyceride level of CC homozygotes was significantly higher than that of GG＋GC genotypes in obese children （P=0.022）. Additionally, we observed a non-significant trend of severe obesity in a post-hoc test. Conclusion INSIG2 rs7566605 variant is not associated Chinese childhood obesity in two independent cohorts. Further study is needed to verify the effect of rs7566605 on triglyceride in obese children.

Predictors of Clostridium difficile infection severity in patients hospitalised in medical intensive care

AIM:To describe and analyse factors associated with Clostridium difficile infection(CDI)severity in hospitalised medical intensive care unit patients.METHODS:We performed a retrospective cohort study of 40 patients with CDI in a medical intensive care unit(MICU)at a French university hospital.We include patients hospitalised between January 1,2007and December 31,2011.Data on demographics characteristics,past medical history,CDI description was collected.Exposure to risk factors associated with CDI within 8 wk before CDI was recorded,including previous hospitalisation,nursing home residency,antibiotics,antisecretory drugs,and surgical procedures.RESULTS:All included cases had their first episode of CDI.The mean incidence rate was 12.94 cases/1000admitted patients,and 14.93,8.52,13.24,19.70,and8.31 respectively per 1000 admitted patients annually from 2007 to 2011.Median age was 62.9[interquartile range(IQR)55.4-72.40]years,and 13(32.5%)were women.Median length of MICU stay was 14.0d(IQR 5.0-22.8).In addition to diarrhoea,the clinical symptoms of CDI were fever(>38℃)in 23 patients,abdominal pain in 15 patients,and ileus in 1 patient.The duration of diarrhoea was 13.0(8.0-19.5)d.In addition to diarrhoea,the clinical symptoms of CDI were fever(>38℃)in 23 patients,abdominal pain in 15 patients,and ileus in 1 patient.Prior to CDI,38patients(95.0%)were exposed to antibiotics,and 12(30%)received at least 4 antibiotics.Fluoroquinolones,3rdgeneration cephalosporins,coamoxiclav and tazocillin were prescribed most frequently(65%,55%,40%and 37.5%,respectively).The majority of cases were hospital-acquired(n=36,90%),with 5 cases(13.9%)being MICU-acquired.Fifteen patients had severe CDI.The crude mortality rate within 30 d after diagnosis was 40%(n=16),with 9 deaths(9 over 16;56.3%)related to CDI.Of our 40 patients,15(37.5%)had severe CDI.Multivariate logistic regression showed that male gender[odds ratio(OR):8.45;95%CI:1.06-67.16,P=0.044],rising serum C-reactive protein levels(OR=1.11;95%CI:1.02-1.21,P=0.021),and previous exposure to fluoroquinolones(OR=9.29;95%CI:1.16-74.284,P=0.036)were independently associated with severe CDI.CONCLUSION:We report predictors of severe CDI not dependent on time of assessment.Such factors could help in the development of a quantitative score in ICU’s patients.

Emerging New Phylogenetic Groups of Rabies Virus in Chinese Ferret Badgers

Chinese ferret badger（FB）-transmitted rabies is a serious threat to public health in southeast China. Although mostly associated with dogs, the rabies virus（RABV） presents genetic diversity and has a significantly wide host range in China. Instead of the dog-and wildlife-associated China ⅠI lineage in the past decades, the China Ⅰ lineage has become the main epidemic group hosted and transmitted by dogs. In this study, four new lineages, including 43 RABVs from FBs, have been classified within the dog-dominated China Ⅰ lineage since 2014. FBRABVs have been previously categorized in the China Ⅱ lineage. Moreover, FB-hosted viruses seem to have become the main independent FB-associated clade in the phylogenetic tree. This claim suggests that the increasing genetic diversity of RABVs in FBs is a result of the selective pressure from coexisting dog rabies. FB transmission has become complicated and serious with the coexistence of dog rabies. Therefore, apart from targeting FB rabies, priority should be provided by the appropriate state agencies to perform mass immunization of dog against rabies.

Low red blood cell levels of deglycating enzymes in colorectal cancer patients

AIM: To investigate Glyoxalase Ⅰ and fructosamine-3-kinase (FN3K) activity in red blood cells from patients with colorectal adenomas and cancer. METHODS: Thirty three consecutive subjects with one or more histologically confirmed colorectal adenomatous polyps, 16 colorectal cancer patients and a group of 11 control subjects with normal colonoscopy were included in the study. Glyoxalase Ⅰ and FN3K activities were measured in red blood cells using a spectrophotometric and radiometric assay, respectively. RESULTS: A significant reduction in both Glyoxalase Ⅰ and FN3K activity was detected in patients with tumors compared to patients with adenomas and the controls. Erythrocyte Glyoxalase Ⅰ activity in colorectal cancer was approximately 6 times lower than that detected in patients with adenoma (0.022 ± 0.01 mmol/min per milliliter vs 0.128 ± 0.19 mmol/min per milliliter of red blood cells, P = 0.003, Tukey's test). FN3K activity in red blood cells from patients with colon cancer was approximately 2 times lower than that detected in adenoma patients (19.55 ± 6.4 pmol/min per milliliter vs 38.6 ± 31.7 pmol/min per milliliter of red blood cells, P = 0.04, Tukey's test). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that deglycating enzymes may be involved in the malignant transformation of colon mucosa.

A Semi-quantitative Serological Method to Assess the Potency of Inactivated Rabies Vaccine for Veterinary Use

Potency is one of the most important indexes of inactivated vaccines.A number of methods have been established to assay the potency,of which the NIH test and single-dose mouse protection test are the "prescribed methods".Here,we report a method to semi-quantitatively assay the potency of an inactivated rabies vaccine,which uses fewer animals and takes less time to complete.Depending on the quality requirements of a vaccine(e.g.minimum potency),a rabies reference vaccine is,for example,diluted to the minimum potency,and 50 μL of the dilution is taken to inoculate 10 mice.The same amount of the test rabies vaccine is inoculated into another 10 mice.After two weeks,all mice are bled and serum samples are assayed for viral neutralizing antibody by the fluorescent antibody virus neutralization(FAVN) test.By comparing the median and interquartile range of antibody titers of the reference vaccine with those of the test vaccine,the test vaccine potency can be semi-quantitatively judged as to whether it is in accord with the required quality.The reliability of this method was also confirmed in dogs.The procedure can be recommended for batch potency testing during inactivated rabies vaccine production.

Construction and Identification of the Helper Plasmids for Reverse Genetic System of Rabies Virus Street Strain

To obtain the helper plasmids for a reverse genetics system of rabies virus, the cDNAs of the complete open reading frames of the N, P, G, and L genes of rabies street virus stain HN10 were each cloned into expression vector pVAX1, These four plasmids were identified by restriction enzyme digestion and gene sequencing. The plasmid encoding the N protein was selected to determine the expression effect of these plasmids in NA cells. The results showed that the helper plasmids for a reverse genetics system of rabies street virus strain HN10 had been successfully constructed.

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes and Support of Health Professionals towards Biobanks in Eastern Morocco

Background: Health professionals play a key role in increasing the rate of biobanking participation. Here, we assessed the knowledge and attitude of health professionals in Eastern Morocco towards biobanks and their willingness to recruit patients into biobanks. Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out among health professionals working in various public and private health centers in Eastern Morocco. The data were obtained using a self-administered anonymous questionnaire. Results: 600 health professionals were included in the study. Only 37.5% of them had knowledge of biobanks. Associations analysis showed that among health professionals, physicians had more knowledge of biobanks (OR = 2.50, p = 0.000), and health professionals working at the University Hospital had more knowledge of biobanks compared to those working in the other participating health centers (p Conclusions: This study indicates that health professionals in Eastern Morocco showed a notable lack of knowledge about biobanks. However, the majority were willing to donate their own biospecimens and supported the recruitment of patients into biobanks. This study was a good opportunity to raise awareness among health professionals about the interest of biobanks in the development of biomedical research in Eastern Morocco.

Time Management of Open Lower-Leg Fractures in Morocco

Background: It is recommended that the management of open lower-leg fractures should occur within six hours to avoid complications affecting both prognosis and functionality. This study aimed to evaluate the time taken for each step of management, identify causes of delay, and propose solutions to reduce the rate of complications. Patients and methods: This was a prospective study involving 153 patients treated from January 2011 to December 2012. Standardized data collection forms documented the times taken for each management step from the accident until surgical intervention. Results: For patients admitted directly to our institution, median time to surgical debridement from arrival was 5 hours. Median time for bone fixation was 24 hours. External fixation was used in 119 patients. There were several causes of delay;lack of financial resources was the most common. Certain causes of delay were significantly correlated with time to debridement. However, although 86.7% of patients who developed an infection had a time from injury to debridement greater than six hours, there was no statistically significant association between infection and delay beyond six hours (p = 0.403). Conclusion: By identifying causes of treatment delay, we hope to be able to avoid complications, and therefore reduce the socio- economic impact of these important surgical emergencies.

Leucocytosis Predicts Survival in Metastatic Non Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Patients—A Retrospective Review of a Single Institution Data

Background: Tumor-related leukocytosis is a paraneoplastic syndrome that is encountered occasionally in the clinical course of patients with lung carcinoma. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic significance of leucocytosis in patients with metastatic non small cell lung carcinoma. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 205 cases of metastatic non small cell lung carcinoma diagnosed between January 2007 and December 2012 at the department of medical oncology, Hassan II University Hospital of Fez, Morocco. Clinical and laboratory data were collected including white blood cells at baseline. Leucocytosis was studied in relation to overall survival and progression free survival. Results: The frequency of leucocytosis was of 57.5%. Patients with leucocytosis had shorter overall survival (OS, p = 0.015) and disease-free survival (DFS, p 0.0001) than those without leucocytosis. In multivariable analysis, patients with leucocytosis had a significantly greater risk of death and recurrence than those without leucocytosis. Conclusion: Leucocytosis was valuable for predicting the prognosis of patients with metastatic non small cell lung carcinoma.

Post-Renal Biopsy Deglobulization: Risk Factors and Prognosis: A Study of 157 Biopsies

Introduction: Percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of most renal diseases. It is a safe and effective modality for the collection of renal tissue. However, many safety measures are not based on sufficient evidence and therefore vary considerably from a center to another. The aim of this work is to determine the rate of bleeding complications, to identify the risk factors for these complications, and to clarify the post renal biopsy prognosis. Materials and Methods: We performed a single-center retrospective observational study in the nephrology department at the University Hospital of Fez, including all patients who underwent percutaneous renal biopsy on native kidney between January 2018 and December 2019. Results: Overall, 157 biopsies were performed. Deglobulization was present in 20.4% (40) of patients, the mean age of patients was 41.57 ± 16.11 years [16.78]. The sex ratio M/F: 1.22. Diabetes mellitus was present in four cases (11.1%), arterial hypertension was present in four cases (11.1%). On clinical examination, systolic hypertension was found in 45.7%, diastolic hypertension in 45%, antihypertensive therapy was initiated in all patients with hypertension before. Hyperuremia was present in 29 patients (80.6%), renal failure was present in 77.8%. Anemia was present in 55.6%, thrombocytopenia in six cases (16.7%). Radiologically, the size of the kidneys was reduced in 5 patients (17.2%), differentiation was limited in 5 patients (17.2%). Major complications occurred in 3.8% (6/157). These six patients had a lumbar pain and required blood transfusions. A radiological embolization procedure was indicated in only one patient. Minor complications were seen in 21.6% (34/157). The diagnoses that were retained in patients with deglobulization were: Lupus in 34.71%, pauci-immune vasculitis in 13.79%, membranous glomerulonephritis in 10.34%, focal and segmental hyalinosis in 10.34%, membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis in 10.34%. In univariate and multivariate analysis, the major risk factors for deglobulization found in our patients were: hyperuremia 80.6% (p: 0.017), acute renal failure 77.8% (p: 0.04), acute hemodialysis 24.7% (p: 0.02), hyperphosphatemia 63.6% (0.04). Conclusion: Renal biopsies are an overall safe procedure with rare major complications. Post-renal biopsy deglobulization is common. Routine post-biopsy ultrasound may not be necessary. Renal biopsies can be performed safely if risk factors are controlled, such as renal failure, hyperuremia, hyperphosphatemia, hemodialysis patients and a diagnosis of lupus nephropathy.

Determinants of High Blood Pressure and Quality of Management in Three Regions of Benin

Objective: The aim of this work was to determine the prevalence, associated factors and quality of high blood pressure (HBP) management in three regions of Benin in 2015. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study, with two components. The first component included adults aged from 18 to 69 years, selected using a three-stage random sampling within the households. Data were collected thanks to the French version of the WHO STEPS instrument. Anthropometric data, including blood pressure, capillary fasting glucose and total cholesterol were measured according to standard procedures. The second component included Public Health Centers (PHC) selected by a random stratified multi-stage sampling. Data were collected on the structures and the processes of HBP management using the standardized tool for assessing the capacities of management of non-communicable diseases in peripheral health centers provided by the World Health Organization. Results: A total of 4816 participants were included in the first component. The mean age was 35.8 ± 12.7 years. The weighted prevalence of HBP was 27.9% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) [25.6 - 30.2]). It was higher in the 60 - 69 years compared to the lower age groups (Adjusted Odd-ratio (ORa) = 5;95% CI [3.9 - 6.5)]). HBP was positively associated with urban residence (ORa = 1.26;95% CI [1.24 - 1.28]), obesity (ORa = 1.46;95% CI [1.43 - 1.50]), hyperglycemia (ORa = 1.13;95% CI [1.10 - 1.15)]) and hypercholesterolemia (ORa = 1.64;95% CI [1.59 - 1.70)]). A total of 27 PHC were included in the second component. Taking blood pressure and other anthropometric measurements was not routine in PHC. Several essential medicines were not available in the PHC. A low level of community involvement in the management of HBP was noted. Conclusion: This study confirms the high prevalence of HBP and shows inadequacies in its management in the targeted PHC. More appropriate prevention and control measures for HBP should be implemented.

Possible Transmission of Irkut Virus from Dogs to Humans

Lyssaviruses, including Rabies virus, Duvenhage virus, European bat lyssavirus 1, European bat lyssavirus 2, Australian bat lyssavirus, and Irkut virus （IRKV）, have caused human fatalities, but infection of IRKV in dogs has not been previously reported. In China, a dead dog that previously bit a human was determined to be infected with IRKV. Pathogenicity tests revealed that IRKVs can cause rabies-like disease in dogs and cats after laboratory infection. The close relationship between humans and pets, such as dogs and cats, may generate a new spillover-spreading route for IRKV infection. Therefore, additional attention should be paid to trans-species infection of IRKV between bats and dogs or dogs and humans through investigation of the prevalence and circulation patterns of IRKV in China.

Factors Associated with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in Public Maternities of the City of Parakou In 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy (HDP) and to determine the factors associated with them in the city of Parakou in Benin, a West African country. Method: It has been a descriptive cross-sectional study with a prospective collection of data using a questionnaire in prenatal consultation in the health center of Parakou’s commune for 4 months (May 1 to August 31, 2019). Result: A proportion of 8.2% (55/671) of the pregnancy had the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The Gestational HyperTension was the most common type of arterial hypertension (AHT) with a proportion of 49.1%. The factors associated with HDP were the age of 30 to 34 (OR: 11.9;95% CI: 1.54 - 92.29;p = 0.0346), the family history of Arterial HyperTension (AHT) (OR: 1.5;95% CI: 1.03 - 4.66;p = 0.0481), the BMI > 30 (OR:14.2;95% IC: 7.02 - 28.69;p = 0.0235), being married or in a common-law relationship (OR = 2.51;95% CI: 1.30 - 4.86;p = 0.0412), the stress (OR: 2.0;95% CI:1.09 - 3.32;p = 0.0209), the history of HDP (OR: 9.0;95% CI: 2.53 - 15.23;p < 0.05). Conclusion: HDP are common in Parakou. Some factors previously described in the literature are associated with them.

Adjunction of Avidin to a Cysteamine Self-Assembled Monolayer for Impedimetric Immunosensor

In this work an impedimetric immunosensor based on affinity immobilization method of a biotin labelled anti-human IgG antibody, used as a model system, was reported. The experimental procedure involves the growth of a self-assembled monolayer of a thiol (cysteamine) carrying terminal amine groups on gold electrodes. Glutarardehyde, a homobifunctional cross-linker, was used as a coupling reagent for the covalent linking of avidin to the amine groups of cysteamine. The attachment of the biotin labeled antibodies (anti-Human IgG) to the subsequent modified gold electrode was achieved by affinity interactions tacking advantage of the strong avidin-biotin bridge. The stepwise assembly process of the electrode was interrogated by means of cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and contact angle measurements. The response of the antibody modified electrode to their target antigens was investigated in the presence of BSA (bovin serum albumin) in order to alleviate non-specific adsorption problems. A proposed electrical model was used to analyse the experimental data. The resulting immunosensor has a linear dynamic range of 100 - 900 ng?ml–1 of antigen and a detection limit of 100 ng?ml–1.