Tuning the reactivity of TiO_(2)layer with uniform distribution of Sub-5 nm Fe_(2)O_(3)particles via in situ voltage-assisted oxidation for robust catalytic reduction

The trade-off between efficiency and stability has limited the application of TiO_(2)as a catalyst due to its poor surface reactivity.Here,we present a modification of a TiO_(2)layer with highly stable Sub-5 nm Fe_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles(NP)by modulating its structure-surface reactivity relationship to attain efficiency-stability balance via a voltage-assisted oxidation approach.In situ simultaneous oxidation of the Ti substrate and Fe precursor using high-energy plasma driven by high voltage resulted in uniform distribution of Fe_(2)O_(3)NP embedded within porous TiO_(2)layer.Comprehensive surface characterizations with density functional theory demonstrated an improved electronic transition in TiO_(2)due to the presence of surface defects from reactive oxygen species and possible charge transfer from Ti to Fe;it also unexpectedly increased the active site in the TiO_(2)layer due to uncoordinated electrons in Sub-5 nm Fe_(2)O_(3)NP/TiO_(2)catalyst,thereby enhancing the adsorption of chemical functional groups on the catalyst.This unique embedded structure exhibited remarkable improvement in reducing 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol,achieving approximately 99%efficiency in 20 min without stability decay after 20 consecutive cycles,outperforming previously reported TiO_(2)-based catalysts.This finding proposes a modified-electrochemical strategy enabling facile construction of TiO_(2)with nanoscale oxides extandable to other metal oxide systems.

Effect of Polyethylene Terephthalate Plastic Waste on the Physico-Mechanical and Thermal Characteristics of Stabilized Laterite Bricks

The present work investigated the effect of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic waste on the physico-mechanical and thermal properties of cement-stabilized laterite bricks to see the durability of the modified bricks (CSLB). Samples were formulated by mixing laterite, cement, and different percentages of PET (0%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) by volume. The bricks were produced using the M7MI Hydraform standard interlocking block and kept in the shade for a curing period of 28 days. The addition of 3% to 5% PET to the laterite stabilized with 10% cement results in a decrease in both dry and wet compressive strength, which is determined using the Controlab compression machine. However, the obtained results are in concordance with the standards. The thermal conductivity of CSLB, determined using the box method with the EI700 measurement cell, decreases as the PET content of the mixture increases. A decrease in bulk density from 1.67 to 1.58 g/cm3 was observed.

An overview on importance, synthetic strategies and studies of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane(HNIW)

2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane(HNIW), commonly called as CL-20, is a high energy and high density material of keen interest to both commercial and scientific worlds due to its greater insensitivity(reduced sensitivity) along with a positive high heat of formation, which is due to the azanitro groups attached to the skeleton of HNIW and its highly strained cage structure. It plays a remarkable role in modification and replacement of most of the propellant(gun and rocket) preparations. In this report we present the comparative strategies involved in the syntheses of HNIW with respect to economical and environmental aspects. Various methods reported in the literature on the purification of the crude HNIW(α-HNIW) to obtain ε-form of HNIW(high dense/more potential) are consolidated. Understanding of the structure, morphology, energetics, thermal behavior and their modification to meet the applicability(decreased impact sensitivity) determines the industrial application of HNIW. A compilation of the available literature on the aforementioned characteristic properties for obtaining a value added ε-HNIW is discussed here. This overview also reports the literature available on newer forms of HNIW including derivatives and cocrystals,which increase the performance of HNIW.

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Antimicrobial Study of a New Schiff Base 2-{(2'-Benzyl)iminoethyl}-5-methoxyphenol

The Schiff base, 2-{（2′-benzyl）iminoethyl}-5-methoxyphenol （C6H4CH2N=C（CH3）C6H3- （OMe-5）OH） 1, was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group Pbca with a = 8.9849（10）, b = 13.2699（15）, c = 22.975（2） A ,V= 2739.3（5） A^3, Mr= 255.31, Z= 8, F（000） = 1088, Dc = 1.238 g/cm^3, T= 293 K, μ = 0.082 mm^-1, λ = 0.71073 .A, the final R = 0.0596 and wR = 0.1575 for 1934 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. The complex was valued for its antimicrobial activity against bacterial strands using the agar diffusion method, and found to be active against the four test bacterial organisms.

Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Study of a New Schiff Base Paeonol-phenylpropanolamine

A novel Schiff base compound was synthesized by the reaction of paeonol and phenylpropanolamine in absolute methanol. It was characterized by elemental analyses, IR, tH NMR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the wiclinic system, space group PI, with a = 6.4075（11）, b = 10.2821（18）, c = 12.573（2） A, α = 92.606（3）,β= 100.980（3）, γ = 90.994（3）°, V= 812.1（2） A3, Mr = 299.36, Z = 2, F（000） = 320, Dc=1.224 g/cm^3, T= 293（2） K,μ = 0.083 mm^-1 and 2 = 0.71073 A, the final R = 0.0555 and wR = 0.1619 for 2442 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. The colnpound was valued for its antimicrobial activity against bacterial strands using the agar diffusion method. It is found to be active against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus.

Synthesis and Structure of a Two-dimensional Double Chain Iron(Ⅱ) L-Trp Coordination Polymer [Fe(L-trp)_2(HL-trp)_2]_n

The title complex [Fe（L-trp）2（HL-trp）2]n （L-trp = L-tryptohan or 2-amino-3-（1H -indol-3-yl）-propanoic acid） has been formed by a hydrothermal method involving hexaaquacobaltous perchlorate and L-tryptophan. The product was characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P211c, with a = 19.828（3）, b = 5.4233（14）, c = 9.2796（16） A, β= 97.691（2）°, V = 988.9（3） A3, Z = 2, Mr = 462.29, Dx = 1.553 g/cm3, F（000） = 480,/a = 0.802 mm^-1, the final R = 0.0399 and wR = 0.0930 for 1738 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（/）. The structural analysis shows that the complex assumes a two-dimensional double chain plane structure.

Solution-Phase Synthesis and Characterization of Perovskite LaCoO_3 Nanocrystals via A Co-Precipitation Route

A facile co-precipitation route for the synthesis of well-dispersed LaCoO3 nanocrystals was developed. The asprepared products were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer （EDX）, and laser Raman spectroscopy （LRS）. The resuks showed that modulating the growth parameters, such as the addition of surfactants as well as the adding manner of the precipitator had a significant effect on the overall shape and size of the obtained nanocrystals. The nanorods with the diameter of 20 nm and spherical LaCoO3 nanocrystals with the size of about 25 nm could be obtained at a relatively low calcining temperature of 600℃. Furthermore, the Raman properties of LaCoO3 products obtained at different calcining temperatures were investigated.

Preparation of Ultrafine and High Dispersion Pd/C Catalyst and Its Electrocatalytic Performance for Formic Acid Oxidation

A carbon supported Pd（Pd/C） catalyst used as the anodic catalyst in the direct formic acid fuel cells（DFAFC） was prepared via the improved complex reduction method with sodium ethylenediamine tetracetate（EDTA） as stabilizer and complexing agent. This method is very simple. The average size of the Pd particles in the Pd/C catalyst prepared with the improved complex reduction method is as small as about 2.1 nm and the Pd particles in the Pd/C catalyst possess an excellent uniformity. The Pd/C catalyst shows a high electrocatalytic activity and stability for the formic acid oxidation.

Synthesis of visible light responsive ultrafine K_4Ce_2Nb_(10)O_(30) by a stearic acid method

K4Ce2Nb10O30 ultrafine powders were prepared by stearic acid method (SAM). The obtained products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy and UV-visible absorption spectra. XRD patterns revealed that K4Ce2Nb10O30 powders treated at 900 oC for 2 h presented tetragonal structure without the presence of deleterious phases. Furthermore, the K4Ce2Nb10O30 prepared by SAM had considerable activity under visible light irradiation.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Bi(2-nitrilethyl)aminoacetonitrile

The title compound bi(2-nitrilethyl)aminoacetonitrile has been prepared by the addition reaction of aminoacetonitrile with acrylonitrile, and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound (C8H10N4) crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/n with a = 7.646(12), b = 14.578(2), c = 8.341(1) ? ?= 100.38(1)? V = 914.5(14) 3, Mr = 162.20, Z = 4, F(000) = 344, Dc = 1.178 g/cm3, T = 293 K, = 0. 077 mm-1 and l = 0.71073 ? The structure was refined to R = 0.0574 and wR = 0.1331 for 1107 observed reflections with I > 2(I).

Cobalt Schiff base complexes: Synthesis characterization and catalytic application in Suzuki–Miyaura reaction

3-Methoxysalicylaldehyde was condensed with the amines 4-aminoacetophenone and 2-amino-5-bromopyridine to obtain Schiff base ligands, 1 and 2, which were coordinated to cobalt salts as complex 1 and complex 2, respectively. The synthesized ligands and complexes were characterized by spectroscopic(FT-IR,UV–Vis,~1H-NMR and mass spectrometry), thermal(TGA) and elemental analysis. The structures of the complexes were verified by evaluating their magnetic susceptibility and spectroscopic evidences. Synthesized complexes were studied for their catalytic activity in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of aryl halides with phenylboronic acid. Optimized reaction yields 90% of the cyanobiphenyl for complex 1 and 91% for complex 2 with 0.1 mmol of catalyst loading thereby substantiating the C\\C coupling efficiency of the synthesized complexes, 1 and 2.

Synthesis and Structure of a New Bicadmium (Ⅱ) Complex with Macrocyclic Hexaaza Bearing Hydroxyethyl Pendants

A new bicadmium(??) complex [Cd2L](ClO4)2?1.25H2O (C28H35Cd2Cl4N6O13.25) was synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction and ES mass spectral analyses. It crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1 with a = 15.630(3), b = 15.990(3), c = 16.330(3) ?, α = 89.90(3), β = 68.87(3), γ = 87.94(3)o, V = 3804.1(13) ?3, Mr = 1034.22, Z = 4, F(000) = 2060, Dc = 1.806 g/cm3, T = 293(2) K, μ = 1.468 mm-1 and λ = 0.71073 ?. The structure was refined to R = 0.0779 and wR = 0.1960 for 7034 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I).

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Characterization of a New Mononuclear Zn(Ⅱ) Complex from Schiff-base Ligand

A new mononuclear [Zn（H-1L）2] （L = 1H-indole-3-ethylene-salicylaldimine） was synthesized through the reaction of Zn（Ac）2, salicylaldehyde and tryptamine in hot ethanol solution and characterized by X-ray crystal structure analysis. The crystal belongs to monoclinic, space group P21/n with a = 15.014（2）, b = 10.857（1）, c = 17.489（1）A,β = 95.49（1）°, V = 2837.8（5） A^3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.386 g/cm^3, μ = 0.904 mm-1, F（000） = 1232, the final R = 0.0463 and wR = 0.0890 for 4990 independent reflections. In the complex, the Zn2＋ ion presents a distorted N2O2 tetrahedral coordination involving two H-1L ligands.

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Antimicrobial Study of N,N,N'-Tris(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine Copper(Ⅱ) Diperchlorate

The title compound [Cu（C11H29N5）]（ClO4）2 was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n with α = 9.405（2）, b = 14.495（3）, c = 14.715（3） A, β= 90.262（3）°, V=2006.1（7） A^3,M,=493.83,Z=4,F）（000）= 1028,Dc= 1.635 g/cm^3, T= 298（2） K,μ= 1.403 mm^-1 and = 0.71073 A. The was refined to R = 0.0508 and wR = 0. 1250 for 2293 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. The Cu（Ⅱ） atom possesses a five-coordtinate CuN5 environment which shows a slightly distorted square-pyramidal geonetry. Antimicrobial activity study found that the complex is active against Salmonella species, Staphylococcus aureu, Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus coliforms.

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Spectroscopic Properties of 1,2-Benzothiazine Derivatives:An Experimental and DFT Study

1,2-Benzothiazine derivatives methyl 3-methoxy-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[e] [1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylate 1,1-dioxide（1） and methyl 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2Hbenzo[e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylate 1,1-dioxide（2） were synthesized, and characterized by spectroscopic techniques; 1H-NMR and infrared（IR） spectroscopy. Crystals of 1 and 2 were grown by slow evaporation of methanol and ethyl acetate, respectively and their crystal structures were investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Geometric properties were calculated by the B3 LYP method of density functional theory（DFT） at the 6-31G＋（d） basis set to compare with the experimental data. Simulated properties were found in strong agreement with the experimental ones. Intermolecular forces have also been modeled in order to investigate the strength of packing and strong hydrogen bonding was observed in both compounds 1 and 2. Electronic properties such as Ionization Potential（IP）, Electron Affinities（EA） and coefficients of the highest occupied molecular orbital（HOMO） and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital（LUMO） of com- pounds 1 and 2 were simulated for the first time.

A Convenient Method for Preparing Shape-controlled ZnO Nanocrystals in a Polyol/Water Mixture System without Surfactants

A facile solution-phase route for the synthesis of shape-controlled ZnO nanocrystals in a polyol/water mixture system was developed. The obtained nanocrystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. The results indicate that modulating the adding ways of water has a significant effect on the shape of the obtained nanocrystals. The addition of small quantity of water can increase the growth rate of crystals and leads to the formation of different shapes. The resulting shapes of the novel structures are diverse, including spheres, cones, and teardrops, all of which are obtained without any additional surfactants. These studies concerning the shape evolution of nanocrystals should be valuable for further design and for greater understanding of advanced nanoscale building-block architectures.

Synthesis of Ultrafine K_2Ln_2Ti_3O_(10) by Microemulsion Method and Its Photoactivity Research

A series of uhrafine K2Ln2Ti3O10（Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Dy）photocatalyst was prepared by microemulsion method based on tetrabutyl titanate reacting with potassium hydroxide and lanthanumoxide. The obtained products were characterized by XRD, TEM and UV-Vis spectra. These results indieate that highly ultrafine K2Ln2Ti3O10 can be accessible at lower fabricating temperature and shorter reation time by this approach. In addition, the investigation on their eatalytieal behavior based on the degradation of methyl orange under UV-Vis light suggests that the degradation rate can reach up to 60%.

Synthesis and Property of H_2La_2Ti_3O_(10)/CdS Layered Nanocomposite Photocatalyst

H2La2Ti3O10/CdS nanocomposite with er photoactivity was synthesized by a stepwise exchange process from H2La2Ti3O10, which was obtained by H^＋ -exchanging reaction of H2La2Ti3O10 with HCl other than the normally used HNO3. The pillaring process was investigated by XRD, TEM, FT-IR and BET methods. The photocatalytic decomposition of aniline was used as the model system to evaluate the photochemical properties of H2La2Ti3O10/CdS,H2La2Ti3O10 and K2La2Ti3O10. It is found that the photoactivity of layered H2La2Ti3O10 is greatly improved by the intercalation of CdS in the interlayer. In general, the excellent photoactivity of the H2La2Ti3O10/CdS nanocomposite might be attributing to the extremely small particle size of incorporated CdS and good contact between CdS and La2Ti3O10^2- layers. On the other hand, the coupling of two semiconductor particles with different energy gap is useful to achieve effective charge separation. In H2La2Ti3O10/CdS, a photo-generated electron can transfer from CdS to the La2Ti3O10^2- layer, while the holes remain in the CdS particles. This helps to diffuse the electrons and holes before reaching the interface, and the holes and electrons can be effectively captured by the electrolyte in the solution. Simuhaneously, the optimal operating condition of photodecomposition aniline was investigated.

Splicing growth of zeolite 4A in hydrothermal system

The morphology evolution of zeolite 4A in hydrothermal system was studied via XRD, TEM and electron diffractometry. A phenomenon of aggregation of nano crystals of zeolite 4A exists in the crystallization process, and microcrystals are derived from nano crystal aggregating directly. The splicing growth model of zeolite 4A is described as: 1)an induction period which exists at the beginning of crystallization, 2)followed by many nano meter crystals initiating immediately, and 3)the nanocrystals congregated as slices and spliced with each other to form a larger crystal.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Novel Polymer Copper(Ⅱ) Complex

A novel chain complex was synthesized and its crystal structure has been deter- mined by X-ray diffraction technique. It was found that the local coordination geometry around Cu(Ⅱ) is a distorted tetrahedron and C14H9CuNO3CH3OH is bridged by the carboxylate oxygen atom to form an infinite one-dimensional linear chain. The hydrogen bond exists between O(1) and solvate molecule O(4). The crystal belongs to monoclinic, space group P21 with a = 9.6650(19), b = 7.1280(14), c = 9.925(2) ? b = 98.39(3)? V = 676.4(2) 3, Z = 2, F(000) = 342 and m(MoK? = 1.629 mm-1 .