Frequency and associated factors of accommodation and non-strabismic binocular vision dysfunction among medical university students

AIM:To investigate the frequency and associated factors of accommodation and non-strabismic binocular vision dysfunction among medical university students.METHODS:Totally 158 student volunteers underwent routine vision examination in the optometry clinic of Guangxi Medical University.Their data were used to identify the different types of accommodation and nonstrabismic binocular vision dysfunction and to determine their frequency.Correlation analysis and logistic regression were used to examine the factors associated with these abnormalities.RESULTS:The results showed that 36.71%of the subjects had accommodation and non-strabismic binocular vision issues,with 8.86%being attributed to accommodation dysfunction and 27.85%to binocular abnormalities.Convergence insufficiency(CI)was the most common abnormality,accounting for 13.29%.Those with these abnormalities experienced higher levels of eyestrain(χ2=69.518,P<0.001).The linear correlations were observed between the difference of binocular spherical equivalent(SE)and the index of horizontal esotropia at a distance(r=0.231,P=0.004)and the asthenopia survey scale(ASS)score(r=0.346,P<0.001).Furthermore,the right eye's SE was inversely correlated with the convergence of positive and negative fusion images at close range(r=-0.321,P<0.001),the convergence of negative fusion images at close range(r=-0.294,P<0.001),the vergence facility(VF;r=-0.234,P=0.003),and the set of negative fusion images at far range(r=-0.237,P=0.003).Logistic regression analysis indicated that gender,age,and the difference in right and binocular SE did not influence the emergence of these abnormalities.CONCLUSION:Binocular vision abnormalities are more prevalent than accommodation dysfunction,with CI being the most frequent type.Greater binocular refractive disparity leads to more severe eyestrain symptoms.

The prevalence of vision impairment and refractive error in 3654 first year students at Tianjin Medical University

AIM：To determine the prevalence of vision impairment（VI）and refractive error in first year university students at the Tianjin Medical University.METHODS：This is a cross-sectional observational cohort study of VI and refractive error among first year university students at the Tianjin Medical University.The first year university students were involved in this study and were given a detailed questionnaire including age,birth date,and spectacle wearing history.A standardized ophthalmologic examination including visual acuity（VA）,slit-lamp examination,non-cycloplegic auto-refraction,objective refraction,fundus photography,and examination of their spectacles were recorded.RESULTS：A total of 3654 participants were included in this study.Totally 3436（94.03%） individuals had VI in this population.Totally 150（4.10%） individuals had VI due to ocular disease,including amblyopia,congenital cataract,retinal atrophy or degeneration,strabismus,congenital nystagmus,refractive surgery orthokeratology.Totally 3286（89.93%） subjects had VI due to refractive error.Only 218（5.97%） students were emmetropia.Moreover,refractive error was the main cause for the VI（95.63%）.Totally 3242（92.52%） students were myopia and the prevalence of mild,moderate,and high myopia subgroup was 27.05%,44.35%,and 21.26% respectively.Totally 44（1.29%） subjects were hyperopic.The rates of uncorrected visual acuity（UCVA）,presenting visual acuity（PVA）and best corrected visual acuity（BCVA）which better than 20/20 in both eyes were 5.65%,22.32% and 82.13% respectively.The rates of correction,under correction and well correction in myopia subjects were 82.73%,84.39% and 15.61%,respectively. CONCLUSION：We present a high prevalence of refractive errors and high rates of under correction refractive error among first year university students.These results may help to promote vision protection work in young adults.

Performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation during prolonged basic life support in military medical university students: A manikin study

BACKGROUND: The quality of chest compressions can be significantly improved after training of rescuers according to the latest national guidelines of China. However, rescuers may be unable to maintain adequate compression or ventilation throughout a response of average emergency medical services because of increased rescuer fatigue. In the present study, we evaluated the performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) in training of military medical university students during a prolonged basic life support(BLS).METHODS: A 3-hour BLS training was given to 120 military medical university students. Six months after the training, 115 students performed single rescuer BLS on a manikin for 8 minutes. The qualities of chest compressions as well as ventilations were assessed.RESULTS: The average compression depth and rate were 53.7±5.3 mm and 135.1±15.7 compressions per minute respectively. The proportion of chest compressions with appropriate depth was 71.7%±28.4%. The average ventilation volume was 847.2±260.4 m L and the proportion of students with adequate ventilation was 63.5%. Compared with male students, significantly lower compression depth(46.7±4.8 vs. 54.6±4.8 mm, P<0.001) and adequate compression rate(35.5%±26.5% vs. 76.1%±25.1%, P<0.001) were observed in female students.CONCLUSIONS: CPR was found to be related to gender, body weight, and body mass index of students in this study. The quality of chest compressions was well maintained in male students during 8 minutes of conventional CPR but declined rapidly in female students after 2 minutes according to the latest national guidelines. Physical fitness and rescuer fatigue did not affect the quality of ventilation.

Evaluation of teaching-in-English reform in five-year clinical tropical medicine program–Case analysis of curriculum reform of clinical medicine in Hainan Medical University

Objective: To investigate the model, quality as well as effect of teaching-in-English in five-year clinical medicine program of Hainan Medical University.Methods: The questionnaire was carried out among clinical medicine undergraduates of2012–2015 grades in Hainan Medical University, to investigate studying time, studying habits and the impact of teaching in English. Additionally results of CET-4, CET-6 and overseas internship from undergraduates of 2012–2015 grade, as well as the result of phased medical licensing examination and post-graduate entrance examination from undergraduates of 2012 were accordingly collected from the Teaching Management Department.Results: For the Chinese students in international classes, the average time of self-study was 161.49 min, 58.3% had preview before classes, and 90.7% had habit of review after classes. Thus the first time pass rate, total pass rate, first time excellent rate and total excellent rate of CET-4 and CET-6 of international classes were significantly higher than those of regular classes. The result of post-graduate entrance examination in 2016 showed that the score, pass rate and acceptance rate of international classes of 2012 grade were significantly higher those of regular classes(P < 0.01).Conclusions: Teaching-in-English reform in Hainan Medical University has achieved initial success. Chinese students from international classes are superior to those from regular classes in many aspects. However, there are still many problems, and effective measures should be implemented to promote teaching quality continuously.

Prevalence and inconformity of refractive errors and ocular biometry of 3573 medical university freshman students for 4 consecutive years

AIM:To evaluate the prevalence of refractive errors and ocular biometry in 3573 freshman students at Tianjin Medical University for 4 consecutive years.METHODS:In this university-based, cross-sectional study, comprising 3573 students, visual acuity(VA), slitlamp examination, non-cycloplegic auto-refraction, and ocular biometry were recorded.RESULTS:The prevalence of myopia increased annually, from 2017 to 2020 were 93.5%, 94.5%, 95.9%, and 96.2%, respectively(P=0.03), and the prevalence of high myopia was 25.7%, 26.9%, 28.6%, and 28.6%, respectively. Males tended to have a higher percentage of total astigmatism than females, with astigmatism ≥0.75 and ≥1.0 D criteria. The percentage of with-the-rule astigmatism, against-therule astigmatism, and oblique astigmatism was 90.3%, 5.8%, and 3.9%, respectively, with astigmatism ≥1.00 D criteria. The mean spherical equivalent, axial length(AL), central corneal thickness(CCT), anterior chamber depth(ACD), lens thickness(LT), corneal radius(CR), and lens position(LP) were 4.37±2.52 D, 25.28±1.24 mm, 539.49±34.98 μm, 3.31±0.34 mm, 3.47±0.21 mm, 7.8±0.28 mm, and 5.04±0.32 mm, respectively. With diopter increase in myopia, the AL became longer, CR became steeper, ACD became deeper, LT became thinner, and LP became more posterior(all P<0.01). Females had a shorter AL, thinner CCT, smaller CR, shallower ACD, thicker lens, and more anterior LP than males(P<0.01). The 64% of high myopia had AL≥26 mm, meanwhile, 5.8% mild myopia and 21.1% moderate myopia had AL≥26 mm. With AL≥26 mm, mild and moderate myopia compared to high myopia, AL was shorter(26.51±0.46 vs 26.87±0.70 mm), CR was larger(8.10±0.3 vs 7.85±0.23 mm) and LT was thinner(3.39±0.19 vs 3.45±0.19 mm, P<0.001).CONCLUSION:The prevalence of myopia and high myopia is significantly high in freshman students. The majority of astigmatism is with-the-rule. Inconformity of refractive errors and ocular biometry existed in some students. Attention should be paid to the ocular biometry of myopia.

Constructing the Training Curriculum of Standardized Patients for OSCE Examination for Undergraduate Nursing Students in Shanxi Medical University

Objective: The objective of this study is to construct the simulated patient training curriculum for OSCE examination for undergraduate nursing students and to explore the theoretical and practical foundation. Methods: To establish TSP training curriculum and SSP training curriculum, 30 experts were invited to finish the questionnaires which were proved by Delphi Method. Findings: We established the training curriculum of TSP and SSP, and set the weight of various curricula and teaching contents. Conclusions: The experts considered that the degree and importance of these two training curricula were comparable. This conclusion lays the foundation for applying these curricula to teaching practice and clinical practice, and enhancing the teaching outcome of undergraduate nursing students. Implications: This study provided a new way of assessing the clinic ability of nursing students.

Analysis of Lymph Node Metastases of 1,526 Cases with Thoracic Esophageal and Cardiac Carcinomas: A Random Sampling Report froni the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from 1996 to 2004

OBJECTIVE To summarize the regular pattern and state oflymph node metastasis of patients with esophageal and cardiaccarcinomas,so as to analyze factors influencing lymph nodemetastasis.METHODS Clinical data collected from 1,526 thoracicesophageal and cardiac carcinoma patients who were admitted inthe Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University during a periodfrom January 1996 to December 2004,were randomly selectedand an Access Database of the patient's information was set up.Eight clinico-pathologic factors,including the patient's age,tumorlocation and size,pathological classification,the depth of tumorinvasion,vascular tumor embolus (VTE),the state of surroundingorgan encroachment and the status of tumor residues,wereidentified.A correlation between these factors and metastases wasstatistically analyzed using SPSS13.0 software.RESULTS Lymph node metastatic sites from esophagealcarcinomas included the thoracic and abdominal cavity.Lymphnode metastasis from the superior esophageal carcinomasmainly occurred in the neck and thoracic cavity.There was atwo-way lymph node metastasis in the patients with the middleesophageal carcinoma.The inferior esophageal carcinomas mainlymetastasized to the paraesophageal,paragastric cardia,and leftgastric artery lymph nodes.The rate and degree of the metastasisfrom the inferior esophageal carcinomas were significantly highercompared to those of the superior and the middle esophagealcarcinomas (P<0.0125).The degree of abdominal lymph node metastasis fromcarcinomas of the gastric cardia was significantly higher comparedwith that of esophageal carcinomas.In the group with carcinomaof the gastric cardia,the rate and degree of the lymph nodemetastases in the paragastric cardia and left gastric artery weresignificantly higher compared to the group with esophagealcarcinoma (P<0.05).Paraesophageal lymph node metastasis fromcarcinomas of the gastric cardia in the thoracic cavity frequentlyoccurred,too,and the degree of the metastasis was similar to thatof esophageal carcinoma.There was no significant difference inthe rate and degree of the paraesophageal lymph-node metastasisbetween the group with carcinoma of the gastric cardia comparedto those with esophageal carcinoma (P>0.05).Multifactoriallogistic regression analysis showed that the tumor size,depth oftumor encroachment,VTE,and tumor residues could all bringabout obvious impact on lymph-node metastases (P<0.05).CONCLUSION Lymph node metastasis from superioresophageal carcinomas mainly occurs in the neck and thoraciccavity.The middle esophageal carcinomas presented a two-waylymph-node metastasis (both the upwards and the downwards),and the lymph node metastasis from inferior esophagealcarcinomas mainly occurred in the thoracic and abdominal cavities.The metastases of carcinoma of the gastriccardia were most commonly found in the abdominalcavity,with frequent paraesophageal lymph-nodemetastasis.The sufficient attention should be paidto neck lymph node clearance in cases of esophagealcarcinoma.What is of the greatest concern is theclearance of the left gastric artery lymph nodes,andalso in cases of gastric cardia carcinoma,clearance,the paraesophageal lymph nodes.With an increasein the tumor size and depth of tumor encroachment,and occurrence of VTE and tumor residual cells,therisk of lymph node metastasis is significantly raised (P<0.05).

Role of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Treatment of Cervical Cancer: A Case Series of Thirty-Eight Patients Treated at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common malignancy of women in Bangladesh. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment of patients with early invasive cancer confined to cervix. While the five-year survival rate after surgery for stage IB1 disease exceeds 90%, it is only 60% - 70% for stage IB2 and IIA2 (tumor size > 4 cm). To improve the outcome of treatment, two to three cycles of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (NACT) has been evaluated as a treatment strategy in stage IB2 and IIA2 diseases. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by Radical Surgery (RS) among the patients with early bulky cervical cancer (Stage IB2 & IIA2) to reduce the tumor size to achieve radical resectibility. Methods: This study was carried out at the Gynaecological Oncology Division of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) during the period July 2015 to December 2015. Thirty-eight patients with early bulky cervical cancer without any prior medical or surgical treatment received NACT using intravenous paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 and cisplatin 75 mg/m2 followed by radical surgery. The primary outcome measure assessed the response to NACT to reduce the size of the tumor. Secondary outcome measures assessed the resectibility of tumor and compared the preoperative clinical stage to the postoperative pathological stage. This study also assessed the relationship of intraoperative and postoperative complications including the adverse effects of postoperative radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy. Results: Clinical response to NACT was 94.7% (84.2% complete response + 10.5% partial response). Progressive disease was found in two cases (5.3%). Duration of surgery was less than 2 hours in 81.6% cases and greater than 3 hours in 13.2% cases only. All women lived 5 to 10 hours away from Dhaka and could not return for in person follow-up. It was possible to get telephone follow-up on twenty-four women (63%). Seven (29%) had died from their cancers within one year of their surgery. Seventeen women were alive and disease free two years after completeion of their treatment. Conclusion: NACT is a feasible approach for improving the resectability of early stage bulky cervical cancer at BSMMU.

Problems and Measures of Majors of Chinese Independent Medical University

Objective:By studying the status and problems of the undergraduate major setting of independent medical universities,explore the suitable mode for independent medical universities under the new medicine in China.Results:This paper finds that these majors are set freely,update speed is slow,the subject coverage is too large,and the school features are weakened.Conclusion:Independent medical schools should improve school-running strength from their own side,seize the opportunity of new medical construction,and achieve coordinated development according to their own ability.

Analysis of Prognostic Factors of Esophageal and Gastric Cardiac Carcinoma Patients after Radical Surgery Using Cox Proportional Hazard Model-A Random Sampling Study from the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University during the Period of 1996-2004

OBJECTIVE To retrospectively analyze clinical data of patientsfrom our hospital who underwent radical surgery for esophagealcarcinoma and for adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia,as well asto investigate prognostic factors affecting the long-term survival ofthe patients.METHODS Data from the patients eligible for our study,admitted to the 4th Hospital of Hebei Medical University fromJanuary 1996 to December 2004,were randomized,and 12distinctive clinicopathologic factors influencing the survival rateof those who underwent radical surgery for esophageal carcinomaor carcinoma of the gastric cardia were collected.Univariate andmultivariate analysis of these individual variables were performedusing the Cox proportional hazard model.RESULTS It was shown by univariate analysis that age,tumorsize,pathologic type,lymph node status,TNM staging,depthof infiltration and encroachment into local organs,etc.,were thefactors that markedly influenced the prognosis of patients(P<0.01).Multivariate analysis showed that pathologic type,numberof the lymph node metastases,involvement of local organs,andTNM staging were independent prognostic factors(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The independent factors influencing theprognosis of patients with esophageal cancer and carcinoma ofthe gastric cardia include pathologic type,number of lymph nodemetastases,involvement of local organs and TNM staging.Themain prognostic factors affecting the patient's survival are patientage,tumor size and depth of infiltration.In addition,patients withinvolvement of the local organs have a worse prognosis,and theyshould be closely followed up.

The Use of Floss in Medical Faculties of Inner Mongolia Medical University in 2017

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to determine the degree of using floss and the demographic characteristics of medical faculties of Inner Mongolia Medical University. Materials and Methods: Participants completed the questionnaire in the classroom. These participants came from the medical faculties of Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine. These participants were interviewed to determine the demographic characteristics. Non-flossors responded according to their reasons for not flossing. Results: A total of 3481 effective data were available for analysis. The floss prevalence was 17.21%, which was lower by 5.72% for students living in rural areas, when compared to students living in urban areas. The largest proportion of non-flossing participants in rural areas answered, “I do not know what a floss is”, while participants in urban answered, “I do not want to use it”. The largest proportion of answered flossing frequency was less than once a month. Conclusion: The present study indicates that the prevalence of using floss in medical faculties in Inner Mongolia Medical University was higher, when compared to that in Sichuan province, China, but lower than that in other countries. Although the students use floss, more than one-third of students use floss less than once a month, which is close to “never”. The prevalence in rural areas is lower than those in urban areas. Male not only comprises the total number of prevalence, but also has a frequency greater than that in females. The emphasis on using floss should be improved in medical students.

Computer Use among Different Gender Medical Students in Inner Mongolia Medical University in China

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference of computer use and the negative effects for different gender in the Medical University of Inner Mongolia. Methods: A cross-sectional census was conducted on medical students on campus in 2013. Descriptive results were expressed as percentage, prevalence and means ± S.D. Gender differences of using computer time and using computer purpose for male and female students were analyzed by chi-square test. Results: Students using computer more than three hours per day had higher headache prevalence and poor academic performance prevalence than that less than three hours per day. The prevalence of male students using computer more than three hours per day was significantly higher than female students (x2 = 72.92, p p < 0.001). Conclusion: Using computer for long time brings more students headache and poor academic performance. These results suggest that using computer time reasonably and learning efficiently among university students are necessary, especially for male.

The Differences in Alcohol Use between Urban and Rural Students of Inner Mongolia Medical University, China

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference in alcohol use between urban and rural students of Inner Mongolia Medical University. Methods: A cross-sectional census was conducted on medical students on campus in 2013. We use multivariate logistic regression models to assess the factors associated with alcohol use. We further use chi-square test assess on differences in alcohol use between urban and rural people among significance factors in logistic regression models. Results: The prevalence of alcohol use among students in rural area was higher than that in urban area (p = 0.016). Alcohol use was associated with Gender, monthly expenses, residence, ethnic and faculty. The odds of alcohol use for Mongolia students were 1.139 times higher than that for Han students. The prevalence of alcohol consumption among students from pharmacy or Traditional Chinese Medicine and Mongolian Medicine faculties in rural area was higher than that among student in urban area (p = 0.03;p = 0.001). The prevalence of alcohol use among female students in rural area was higher than that among female students in urban area (p < 0.043). The proportion of alcohol use among students with <600 in rural area was higher than that among students in urban area (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Considering the differences in the prevalence of alcohol use between rural area and urban area, university administrators aiming at students from various regions develop various approaches.

Occurrence and Reduction of Hepatitis B Vaccine Hesitancy Among Medical University Students—Shanxi Province,China,2020

Summary What is already known about this topic?Previous research has primarily examined the issue of hepatitis B vaccine hesitancy in migrant workers and other adult populations.However,there is a lack of studies that have specifically investigated the prevalence of hepatitis B vaccine hesitancy among university students.What is added by this report?

Reconstruction of Knowledge and Medical Images in the Convergence of Chinese and Western Medicine:Taking “Sweet Meat” as an Example

The pancreas is neither part of the five Zang organs(五脏) nor the six Fu organs(六腑).Thus,it has received little attention in Chinese medical literature.In the late 19th century,medical missionaries in China started translating and introducing anatomical and physiological knowledge about the pancreas.As for the word pancreas,an early and influential translation was “sweet meat”(甜肉),proposed by Benjamin Hobson(合信).The translation “sweet meat” is not faithful to the original meaning of “pancreas”,but is a term coined by Hobson based on his personal habits,and the word “sweet” appeared by chance.However,in the decades since the term “sweet meat” became popular,Chinese medicine practitioners,such as Tang Zonghai(唐宗海),reinterpreted it by drawing new medical illustrations for “sweet meat” and giving new connotations to the word “sweet”.This discussion and interpretation of “sweet meat” in modern China,particularly among Chinese medicine professionals,is not only a dissemination and interpretation of the knowledge of “pancreas”,but also a construction of knowledge around the term “sweet meat”.

Medical management of urolithiasis: Great efforts and limited progress

Objective:To provide a comprehensive review on the existing literature on medical management of urolithiasis.Methods:A thorough literature review was performed using Medline,PubMed/PMC,Embase,and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews up to December 2022 to identify publications on the medical management of urolithiasis.Studies that assessed dietary and pharmacologic management of urolithiasis were reviewed;studies on medical expulsive therapy were not included in this review.Results:Medical management of urolithiasis ranges from the prophylactic management of kidney stone disease to dissolution therapies.While most treatment concepts have been long established,large randomized controlled trials are scarce.Dietary modification and increased fluid intake remain cornerstones in the conservative management of urolithiasis.A major limitation for medical management of urolithiasis is poor patient compliance.Conclusion:Medical management of urolithiasis is more important in patients with recurrent urolithiasis and patients with metabolic abnormalities putting them at higher risk of developing stones.Although medical management can be effective in limiting stone recurrence,medical interventions often fail due to poor compliance.

Virtual reality:The bridge between medical education and clinical practice

After perusing the paper by Kim et al,I discovered that this is an interesting manuscript and a successful study.Virtual reality(VR)is an emerging and promising technology employed in the domain of medical practice and medical education over the past decade.In the era of big data,VR is constantly progressing in the fields of medical education and clinical diagnosis and treatment.As a novel scientific and technological tool,VR not only overcomes multiple limitations of the traditional medical teaching mode but also reduces the reliance on personnel and equipment.VR can simulate the real clinical situation,stimulate the enthusiasm of young doctors and nurses for clinical study,and simultaneously safeguard and promote medical safety and doctor-patient harmony.Favorable outcomes have been attained in clinical teaching and diagnosis and treatment activities.While enhancing the training conditions of medical cosmetics and elevating the level of clinical practice and teaching,the risks resulting from improper clinical diagnosis and treatment have been circumvented.All of this is evident and comprehensible.

Flexner's legacy and the future of medical education:Embracing challenge and opportunity

This editorial comments on the article by Alzerwi.We focus on the development course,present challenges,and future perspectives of medical education.Modern medical education is gradually undergoing significant and profound changes worldwide.The emergence of new ideas,methodologies,and techniques has created opportunities for medical education developments and brought new concerns and challenges,ultimately promoting virtuous progress in medical education reform.The sustainable development of medical education needs joint efforts and support from governments,medical colleges,hospitals,researchers,administrators,and educators.

Medical appraisal of Chinese military aircrew with abnormal results of coronary computed tomographic angiography

BACKGROUND Coronary artery diseases can cause myocardial ischemia and hypoxia,angina pectoris,myocardial infarction,arrhythmia,and even sudden death led to inflight incapacitation of aircrew.As the main cause of grounding due to illness,they severe threats to the health and fighting strength of military aircrew.Early warning in an early and accurate manner and early intervention of diseases possibly resulting in inflight incapacitation are key emphases of aeromedical support in clinic.AIM To figure out the flight factors and clinical characteristics of military aircrew with abnormal results of coronary artery computed tomographic angiography(CTA),thereby rendering theoretical references for clinical aeromedical support of military flying personnel.METHODS The clinical data of 15 flying personnel who received physical examinations in a military medical center from December 2020 to June 2023 and were diagnosed with coronary artery diseases by coronary artery CTA were collected and retrospectively analyzed,and a descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on their onset age,aircraft type and clinical data.RESULTS The 15 military flying personnel diagnosed with coronary artery diseases by coronary artery CTA were composed of 9 pilots,1 navigator and 5 air combat service workers.Multi-vessel disease was detected in 9 flying personnel,among which 8(88.9%)were pilots.Flying personnel with multi-vessel disease had higher content of cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B than those with single-vessel disease.CONCLUSION Coronary artery diseases are the major heart disease for the grounding of flying personnel due to illness,which can lead to inflight incapacitation.Coronary artery CTA is conducive to early detection and early intervention treatment of such diseases in clinic.

Simulation Analysis of Deformation Control for Magnetic Soft Medical Robots

Dear Editor,This letter presents a biocompatible cross-shaped magnetic soft robot and investigates its deformation mode control strategy through COMSOL modeling and simulation.Magnetic soft robots offer novel avenues for precise treatment within intricate regions of the human body.