Adhering to the Correct Outlook on Human Rights to Promote Sound Development of the International Human Rights Cause

The underlying principles in human rights contained in the guidelines of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee embody the Chinese solution to the contemporary issue of human rights protection,and provide a new alternative for the vast number of developing countries to independently explore their paths of human rights development with their distinctive features.China will take an active and constructive part in international cooperation on human rights,and continue making new and greater contributions to the sound development of the global human rights cause.

The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence:Connotations in International Law and Contemporary Relevance

The year 2024 marks the 70th anniversary of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence initiated by China.As an anchor foreign policy of New China and its first contribution of public product for the international community,the Five Principles have made a historic contribution to the building of a new type of just and equitable international relations,advancing the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations,and becoming universally applicable basic norms for international relations and key fundamental principles of international law.

JOURNEYS OF HEARTS AND MINDS

A diplomat’s thoughts on Thai Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn’s 50th visit to China.On June 5,2023,I had the honor to attend a reception hosted by the Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries to mark the 50th visit to China by Thai Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn.

Water Resources of Uganda: An Assessment and Review

Water resources of a country constitute one of its vital assets that significantly contribute to the socio-economic development and poverty eradication. However, this resource is unevenly distributed in both time and space. The major source of water for these resources is direct rainfall, which is recently experiencing variability that threatens the distribution of resources and water availability in Uganda. The annual rainfall received in Uganda varies from 500 mm to 2800 mm, with an average of 1180 mm received in two main seasons. The spatial distribution of rainfall has resulted into a network of great rivers and lakes that possess big potential for development. These resources are being developed and depleted at a fast rate, a situation that requires assessment to establish present status of water resources in the country. The paper reviews the characteristics, availability, demand and importance of present day water resources in Uganda as well as describing the various issues, challenges and management of water resources of the country.

What Kind of Cyberspace We Need

Confronted in cyberspace by fragmentation of platforms and proliferation of regulations, the international community faces thevital task of establishing fundamental order and rules for the future of cyberspace. This is the Century of the Intemet. With profound impact on every aspect of human life, from political, economic, cultural and communal aspects to the personal in an individual＇s work, study and relationships, the Internet cuts both ways--for good and ill.

Seizing Opportunities and Overcoming Difficulties to Promote the Development of China-Africa Relations

At present, the situation in Africa is experiencing profound and complex changes. Despite many difficulties and challenges, Africa is moving towards peace, stability and development. Strengthening the China-Africa friendly and cooperative relationship is an important cornerstone of China’s foreign policy, as well as China’s long-standing and firm strategic choice.

The Prospects of Blue Economy to Promote Bangladesh into a Middle-Income Country

This paper draws attention to the prospects of sea-based economy to promote Bangladesh in a middle-income country through the sustainable use of marine resources. About three-fourths of the earth is covered by the seas. It plays the vital role in two important functions from ancient time known as the means of communication and the source of huge living and non-living natural resources. At present, the countries are becoming very much concerned about their marine resources to resolve many of the present and future challenges of their economies. Generally for Bangladesh, ocean is contributing a significant role to its overall socio-economic progress through rising up the economic activities across the country and especially to the coastal zone at southern part. This paper investigates how much Bangladesh is capable to take of or handle the challenges to become a middle income country through the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In addition, it has attempted with a closer-look to find out the barriers or limitations of these activities from different angles if exist.

Realization of the Right to Development: Prospects for Drafting a Convention on the Right to Development

Near 30 years after the adoption of the 1986 UN Declaration on the Right to Development, understanding of this Right still differs from one political group to another. The South stresses issues such as inequalities in the international financial system, greater participation of developing countries in global decision-making on economic policy, and promoting a fairer trade regime. The North persists on apt domestic conditions in developing countries such as rule of law, good governance, democracy and responsible economic management. And while the NonAligned Movement calls for an international legal standard of a binding nature, the European Union is opposed to such an upgrade of the Declaration. In fact, drafting a Framework Convention on the Right to Development seems to be the best option for accommodating the concerns of the different political groups, as it allows for a step-by-step approach. A framework convention is a treaty under international law: such a treaty is open to States, and once it has entered into force, it is binding on States that have expressed consent. The potential added value of a Framework Convention on the Right to Development is to balance the current human rights regime with a treaty that goes beyond individual State responsibility and takes inspiration from principles derived from international development efforts, such as mutual accountability, alignment of policies among partner countries, and inclusive partnerships.

Cross-Cultural Exchange of Human Rights: Crossing Divides or Crossing Swords?

This paper explores the basic framework for cross-cultural dialogue on human rights. Such dialogue implicates differing understandings of the content of human rights as well as differing interpretation of the concept of human rights itself. The challenges confronting the universality of human rights arguably stem from people's fear of radical individualism, secular fundamentalism and political radicalism. While the universality of human rights should not be denied, cognizance must be taken as well of the gap between theory and practice during the realization of those rights and the selectivity pertaining to such realization. Dogmatism and uncompromising ideological stances is an obstacle to dialogues and cross-cultural exchanges on human rights.

How to Choose the Right Type of Visa

Want to visit, study or work in China？ It all starts with applying for one of the eight different types of visas offered by the Chinese Government. A Chinese visa is a permit issued to a foreigner by Chinese visa authorities for entry into, exit from or transit through Chinese territory. Chinese visa authorities issue diplomatic, courtesy, service or ordinary visas to foreigners according to an applicant＇s passport type and reason for visiting China. Here are the different types of visas：

International Cooperation and Global Human Rights Governance

The United Nations,with its three pillars of peace and security,development and human rights,has historically seen human rights as a somewhat neglected aspect.Regrettably,yet international community is overwhelmed by double standards in the application of international law and the Charter of the United Nations(hereinafter referred to as the Charter).

Relaying Strategy Based on Estimated Information for Multi-Antenna Cooperative Networks

A sphere-based list forwarding scheme for multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) relay networks is proposed and analyzed. Firstly, an estimate forwarding(EF) method is proposed, which forwards the minimum mean squared error(MMSE) estimate of the source data to the destination. Since it performs like amplify-and-forward(AF) and decode-and-forward(DF) for the low and high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) regions, respectively, the EF relay thus outperforms conventional AF and DF across all SNRs without the need for switching algorithms for different SNRs. Because computational complexity is however high for relays with a large number of antennas(large MIMO) and/or high order constellations, list EF for large MIMO relay networks is proposed. It computes a list sphere decoder based MMSE estimate and retains the advantages of the exact EF relay at a negligible performance loss. The proposed list EF could offer a flexible trade-off between the performance and computational complexity.

The identification of individuals with hatchery and natural origin in a mixed sample of Amur River chum salmon by Otolith microchemistry

We estimated the proportion of hatchery and natural fall spawning chum salmon returning to the Amur River using chemical markers specific to hatchery-origin fry.We used otolith microchemistry technique to identify fish with artificial origin among returning spawners.First,we found that juveniles of artificial origin had higher values of the Sr:Ca molar ratio of the otoliths’edge zone compared with juveniles of natural origin,what can be related to the use of rearing feed produced from raw materials of marine origin rich in strontium.Then we observed that most of the spawners from Anyuisky Hatchery and from the Amur River mouth at the start of the spawning migration has also the higher value of Sr:Ca molar ratio of the juvenile zone of otoliths.Also,adults with higher values of the Sr:Ca molar ratio are characterized by a skewed right in the peak of the age distribution.Both,the age structure and phenological shift in the time of spawning migration of individuals with higher value of the used chemical marker corresponds to results of studies on hatchery-produced chum salmon completed at different parts on Northern Pacific.The results of this study will be used in the management of Amur fall chum salmon fisheries,and also demonstrates the necessity of the development of specific measures for increasing the survival of juvenile anadromous salmonids released at large rivers and exposed to prolonged freshwater migration to the ocean.As a further application of the methodology,we plan to identify the markers specific to each of the hatcheries and main spawning tributaries belonging to Amur River catchments.This will be an important step in the evaluation of the contribution of different stocks in mixed fisheries and also in the estimation of the effect of hatchery releases on naturally spawning stocks of Amur fall chum.Following to,our results may indicate the applicability of this approach for the determination of artificial-origin fish in a mixed sample of the Amur fall chum salmon.

The Balance Between Coercion and Accommodation

1.Introduction On the morning of April 1st,2001,a U.S.EP-3 surveillance aircraft was conducting an intelligence flight along the Chinese territorial border in the airspace south-east of China's Hainan Island.Two Chinese

Terrorism as a Threat to the European and Global Order

In this paper we will discuss about terrorism as a global threat. Currently in the New World Order concepts such as terrorism has entered the field of security. Terrorism as a notion and as an activity is defined differently by different authors. As a concept, historically it has been used during the French Bourgeois Revolution, in terms of sentences imposed by the revolutionary courts against the enemies of the Republic. The word terrorism derives from the Latin word ＂terror＂ which means horror, sadness, intimidation and tremble, political violence or physical destruction of the opponent. With the end of the Cold War, the emergence of several concepts that previously did not exist, or were at a low level, changed the position and turned into one of the main threats worldwide. This was the trigger that forced states to reconsider the mechanisms of national and international security. After the events of September 11 and the attack on the twin towers in New York, it was proved that no country in the world is safe now, including those who claim to have created a modern defence system. Therefore, nowadays the challenge for countries and international organizations remains the identification of terrorists, the tools they have, where, when and how they will strike.

Overlapping and Conflicting Interests as Opposed to Integration and Disintegration in Iran-India Ties 1947-1979

In the period between independence of India in 1947 to Iranian Islamic revolution in 1979 there were plenty of factors in the position of integration and disintegration acting in the relationship between the two countries. Iran and India, whose result is meaningfully affected by factors in three levels of national, regional and international sphere and in the framework of bipolarity as the predominant system in the then international system. The ties in the critical period of cold war between two superpowers that came after the World War II were full of ups and downs. Undoubtedly the true perception of such an atmosphere needs to pay attention to the factors of integration and disintegration, which are interdependent and directly or indirectly impact each other and the finalized atmosphere of mutual relations. Knowing the atmosphere is not only important historically but also it enables researchers to evaluate the different factors within the relations and to interpret each of them critically, meaning that the root of disputes, influence of global events and external factors in mutual relations, changes the politician point of views and the political mainstream patterns, and finally to mention the strategic and geopolitical situation regarding the influential factors of integration or disintegration. At the end, the cleared results open a new foundation in order to make new researches which can help to make formula to futurism and be useful in practical sphere.

Four Things to Be Done to Promote Future China-U.S.Relations

World peace and security hinge greatly on how the two powers of China and the United States co-habit in the next few decades.In this sense,the forthcoming general election in the United States and the 18th National Communist Party Congress in China shall be two major events of far-reaching significance.

Creating a Bright Future for China-Arab Relations

I. Core Elements in Chinas Policy Towards the Arab WorldChina attaches strategic importance to China-Arab relations. The development of friendly and cooperative relations between China and Arab countries is always the diplomatic priority for China.

Major-Country Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics again on the March

The commemorative activities of the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and that of the victory of the World War on Fascism have been rounded up in complete success,with unprecedented magnificence.It is a grand meeting

Mission and Vision:2013 UN Climate Change Conference in Warsaw

CLIMATE change is a common challenge to all human beings.How we respond to it has impact on our existence and development,as well as on the immediate interests of every country in the world.No one is immune from it.