Winter wheat yield improvement by genetic gain across different provinces in China

The replacement of winter wheat varieties has contributed significantly to yield improvement worldwide,with remarkable progress in China.Drawing on two sets of data,production yield from the National Bureau of Statistics of China and experimental yield from literature,this study aims to(1)illustrate the increasing patterns of production yield among different provinces from 1978 to 2018 in China,(2)explore the genetic gain in yield and yield relevant traits through the variety replacement based on experimental yield from 1937 to 2016 in China,and(3)compare the yield gap between experimental yield and production yield.The results show that both the production and experimental yields significantly increased along with the variety replacement.The national annual yield increase ratio for the production yield was 1.67%from 1978 to 2018,varying from 0.96%in Sichuan Province to 2.78%in Hebei Province;such ratio for the experimental yield was 1.13%from 1937 to 2016.The yield gap between experimental and production yields decreased from the 1970s to the 2010s.This study reveals significant increases in some yield components consequent to variety replacement,including thousand-grain weight,kernel number per spike,and grain number per square meter;however,no change is shown in spike number per square meter.The biomass and harvest index consistently and significantly increased,whereas the plant height decreased significantly.

Adaptive Trajectory Tracking Control for Nonholonomic Wheeled Mobile Robots:A Barrier Function Sliding Mode Approach

The trajectory tracking control performance of nonholonomic wheeled mobile robots(NWMRs)is subject to nonholonomic constraints,system uncertainties,and external disturbances.This paper proposes a barrier function-based adaptive sliding mode control(BFASMC)method to provide high-precision,fast-response performance and robustness for NWMRs.Compared with the conventional adaptive sliding mode control,the proposed control strategy can guarantee that the sliding mode variables converge to a predefined neighborhood of origin with a predefined reaching time independent of the prior knowledge of the uncertainties and disturbances bounds.Another advantage of the proposed algorithm is that the control gains can be adaptively adjusted to follow the disturbances amplitudes thanks to the barrier function.The benefit is that the overestimation of control gain can be eliminated,resulting in chattering reduction.Moreover,a modified barrier function-like control gain is employed to prevent the input saturation problem due to the physical limit of the actuator.The stability analysis and comparative experiments demonstrate that the proposed BFASMC can ensure the prespecified convergence performance of the NWMR system output variables and strong robustness against uncertainties/disturbances.

Machine learning ensemble model prediction of northward shift in potato cyst nematodes(Globodera rostochiensis and G.pallida)distribution under climate change conditions

Potato cyst nematodes(PCNs)are a significant threat to potato production,having caused substantial damage in many countries.Predicting the future distribution of PCN species is crucial to implementing effective biosecurity strategies,especially given the impact of climate change on pest species invasion and distribution.Machine learning(ML),specifically ensemble models,has emerged as a powerful tool in predicting species distributions due to its ability to learn and make predictions based on complex data sets.Thus,this research utilised advanced machine learning techniques to predict the distribution of PCN species under climate change conditions,providing the initial element for invasion risk assessment.We first used Global Climate Models to generate homogeneous climate predictors to mitigate the variation among predictors.Then,five machine learning models were employed to build two groups of ensembles,single-algorithm ensembles(ESA)and multi-algorithm ensembles(EMA),and compared their performances.In this research,the EMA did not always perform better than the ESA,and the ESA of Artificial Neural Network gave the highest performance while being cost-effective.Prediction results indicated that the distribution range of PCNs would shift northward with a decrease in tropical zones and an increase in northern latitudes.However,the total area of suitable regions will not change significantly,occupying 16-20%of the total land surface(18%under current conditions).This research alerts policymakers and practitioners to the risk of PCNs’incursion into new regions.Additionally,this ML process offers the capability to track changes in the distribution of various species and provides scientifically grounded evidence for formulating long-term biosecurity plans for their control.

Candidate genes conferring ethylene-response in cultivated peanuts determined by BSA-seq and fine-mapping

Ethylene plays essential roles in plant growth,development and stress responses.The ethylene signaling pathway and molecular mechanism have been studied extensively in Arabidopsis and rice but limited in peanuts.Here,we established a sand-culture method to screen pingyangmycin mutagenized peanut lines based on their specific response to ethylene(“triple response”).An ethylene-insensitive mutant,inhibition of peanut hypocotyl elongation 1(iph1),was identified that showed reduced sensitivity to ethylene in both hypocotyl elongation and root growth.Through bulked segregant analysis sequencing,a major gene related to iph1,named AhIPH1,was preliminarily mapped at the chromosome Arahy.01,and further narrowed to a 450-kb genomic region through substitution mapping strategy.A total of 7014 genes were differentially expressed among the ACC treatment through RNA-seq analysis,of which only the Arahy.5BLU0Q gene in the candidate mapping interval was differentially expressed between WT and mutant iph1.Integrating sequence variations,functional annotation and transcriptome analysis revealed that a predicated gene,Arahy.5BLU0Q,encoding SNF1 protein kinase,may be the candidate gene for AhIPH1.This gene contained two single-nucleotide polymorphisms at promoter region and was more highly expressed in iph1 than WT.Our findings reveal a novel ethylene-responsive gene,which provides a theoretical foundation and new genetic resources for the mechanism of ethylene signaling in peanuts.

Nanomaterial-assisted wearable glucose biosensors for noninvasive real-time monitoring:Pioneering point-of-care and beyond

This review explores glucose monitoring and management strategies,emphasizing the need for reliable and userfriendly wearable sensors that are the next generation of sensors for continuous glucose detection.In addition,examines key strategies for designing glucose sensors that are multi-functional,reliable,and cost-effective in a variety of contexts.The unique features of effective diabetes management technology are highlighted,with a focus on using nano/biosensor devices that can quickly and accurately detect glucose levels in the blood,improving patient treatment and control of potential diabetes-related infections.The potential of next-generation wearable and touch-sensitive nano biomedical sensor engineering designs for providing full control in assessing implantable,continuous glucose monitoring is also explored.The challenges of standardizing drug or insulin delivery doses,low-cost,real-time detection of increased blood sugar levels in diabetics,and early digital health awareness controls for the adverse effects of injectable medication are identified as unmet needs.Also,the market for biosensors is expected to expand significantly due to the rising need for portable diagnostic equipment and an ever-increasing diabetic population.The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for further research and development of glucose biosensors to meet the stringent requirements for sensitivity and specificity imposed by clinical diagnostics while being cost-effective,stable,and durable.

Physical activity and amyloid beta in middle-aged and older adults:A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:One of the pathological hallmarks distinguishing Alzheimer’s disease from other dementias is the accumulation of amyloid beta(Aβ).Higher physical activity is associated with decreased dementia risk,and one potential path could be through Aβlevels modulation.We aimed to explore the relationship between physical activity and Aβin middle-aged and older adults.Methods:A systematic search of PubMed,Web of Science,PsycINFO,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,and SPORTDiscus was performed from inception to April 28,2022.Studies were eligible if they included physical activity and Aβdata in adults aged 45 years or older.Multi-level metaanalyses of intervention and observational studies were performed to examine the role of physical activity in modulating Aβlevels.Results:In total,37 articles were included(8 randomized controlled trials,3 non-randomized controlled trials,4 prospective longitudinal studies,and 22 cross-sectional studies).The overall effect size of physical activity interventions on changes in blood Aβwas medium(pooled standardized mean difference=-0.69,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-1.41 to 0.03;I^(2)=74.6%).However,these results were not statistically significant,and there were not enough studies to explore the effects of physical activity on cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)and brain Aβ.Data from observational studies were examined based on measurements of Aβin the brain using positron emission tomography scans,CSF,and blood.Higher physical activity was positively associated with Aβonly in the CSF(Estimate r=0.12;95%CI:0.05-0.18;I^(2)=38.00%).Conclusion:Physical activity might moderately reduce blood Aβin middle-aged and older adults.However,results were only near statistical significance and might be interpreted with caution given the methodological limitations observed in some of the included studies.In observational studies,higher levels of physical activity were positively associated with Aβonly in CSF.Therefore,further research is needed to understand the modulating role of physical activity in the brain,CSF,and blood Aβ,as well as its implication for cognitive health.

Trehalose:A sugar molecule involved in temperature stress management in plants

Trehalose(Tre)is a non-reducing disaccharide found in many species,including bacteria,fungi,invertebrates,yeast,and even plants,where it acts as an osmoprotectant,energy source,or protein/membrane protector.Despite relatively small amounts in plants,Tre concentrations increase following exposure to abiotic stressors.Trehalose-6-phosphate,a precursor of Tre,has regulatory functions in sugar metabolism,crop production,and stress tolerance.Among the various abiotic stresses,temperature extremes(heat or cold stress)are anticipated to impact crop production worldwide due to ongoing climate changes.Applying small amounts of Tre can mitigate negative physiological,metabolic,and molecular responses triggered by temperature stress.Trehalose also interacts with other sugars,osmoprotectants,amino acids,and phytohormones to regulate metabolic reprogramming that underpins temperature stress adaptation.Transformed plants expressing Tre-synthesis genes accumulate Tre and show improved stress tolerance.Genome-wide studies of Tre-encoding genes suggest roles in plant growth,development,and stress tolerance.This review discusses the functions of Tre in mitigating temperature stress—highlighting genetic engineering approaches to modify Tre metabolism,crosstalk,and interactions with other molecules—and in-silico approaches for identifying novel Tre-encoding genes in diverse plant species.We consider how this knowledge can be used to develop temperature-resilient crops essential for sustainable agriculture.

Pear genomes display significant genetic diversity and provide novel insights into the fruit quality traits differentiation

The pear(Pyrus spp.)is well known for diverse flavors,textures,and global horticultural importance.However,the genetic diversity responsible for its extensive phenotypic variations remains largely unexplored.Here,we de novo assembled and annotated the genomes of the maternal(PsbM)and paternal(PsbF)lines of the hybrid‘Yuluxiang'pear and constructed the pear pangenome of 1.15 Gb by combining these two genomes with five previously published pear genomes representing cultivated and wild germplasm.Using the constructed pangenome,we identified 21224 gene PAVs(Presence-absence variation)and 1158812 SNPs(Single Nucleotide Polymorphism)in the non-reference genome that were absent in the PsbM reference genome.Compared with SNP markers,PAV-based analysis provides additional insights into the pear population structure.In addition,some genes associated with pear fruit quality traits have differential occurrence frequencies and differential gene expression between Asian and European populations.Moreover,our analysis of the pear pangenome revealed a mutated SNP and an insertion in the promoter region of the gene PsbMGH3.1 potentially enhance sepal shedding in‘Xuehuali'which is vital for pear quality.PsbMGH3.1 may play a role in the IAA pathway,contributing to a distinct low-auxin phenotype observed in plants by heterologously overexpressing this gene.This research helps capture the genetic diversity of pear populations and provides genomic resources for accelerating breeding.

Self-Healing MXene-and Graphene-Based Composites:Properties and Applications

Today,self-healing graphene-and MXene-based composites have attracted researchers due to the increase in durability as well as the cost reduction in long-time applications.Different studies have focused on designing novel self-healing graphene-and MXenebased composites with enhanced sensitivity,stretchability,and flexibility as well as improved electrical conductivity,healing efficacy,mechanical properties,and energy conversion efficacy.These composites with self-healing properties can be employed in the field of wearable sensors,supercapacitors,anticorrosive coatings,electromagnetic interference shielding,electronic-skin,soft robotics,etc.However,it appears that more explorations are still needed to achieve composites with excellent arbitrary shape adaptability,suitable adhesiveness,ideal durability,high stretchability,immediate self-healing responsibility,and outstanding electromagnetic features.Besides,optimizing reaction/synthesis conditions and finding suitable strategies for functionalization/modification are crucial aspects that should be comprehensively investigated.MXenes and graphene exhibited superior electrochemical properties with abundant surface terminations and great surface area,which are important to evolve biomedical and sensing applications.However,flexibility and stretchability are important criteria that need to be improved for their future applications.Herein,the most recent advancements pertaining to the applications and properties of self-healing graphene-and MXene-based composites are deliberated,focusing on crucial challenges and future perspectives.

Development of an Agrobacterium-mediated CRISPR/Cas9 system in pea(Pisum sativum L.)

Pea(Pisum sativum L.)is an annual cool-season legume crop.Owing to its role in sustainable agriculture as both a rotation and a cash crop,its global market is expanding and increased production is urgently needed.For both technical and regulatory reasons,neither conventional nor transgenic breeding techniques can keep pace with the demand for increased production.In answer to this challenge,CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology has been gaining traction in plant biology and crop breeding in recent years.However,there are currently no reports of the successful application of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology in pea.We developed a transient transformation system of hairy roots,mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain K599,to validate the efficiency of a CRISPR/Cas9 system.Further optimization resulted in an efficient vector,PsU6.3-tRNA-PsPDS3-en35S-PsCas9.We used this optimized CRISPR/Cas9 system to edit the pea phytoene desaturase(PsPDS)gene,causing albinism,by Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation.This is the first report of successful generation of gene-edited pea plants by this route.

Bioengineered exosomal-membrane-camouflaged abiotic nanocarriers: neurodegenerative diseases, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

A bio-inspired strategy has recently been developed for camouflaging nanocarriers with biomembranes,such as natural cell membranes or subcellular structure-derived membranes.This strategy endows cloaked nanomaterials with improved interfacial properties,superior cell targeting,immune evasion potential,and prolonged duration of systemic circulation.Here,we summarize recent advances in the production and application of exosomal membrane-coated nanomaterials.The structure,properties,and manner in which exosomes communicate with cells are first reviewed.This is followed by a discussion of the types of exosomes and their fabrication methods.We then discuss the applications of biomimetic exosomes and membrane-cloaked nanocarriers in tissue engineering,regenerative medicine,imaging,and the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.Finally,we appraise the current challenges associated with the clinical translation of biomimetic exosomal membrane-surface-engineered nanovehicles and evaluate the future of this technology.

Research on How to Strengthen Women’s Right to Employment in MNEs

Women’s equal employment encounters challenges such as gender-blindness in legal protection,a cultural environment where traditional conservative views are at odds with women’s equal employment,the absence of international and domestic gender discrimination intervention links,and invisible gender discrimination.Unequal or inequitable treatment can marginalize women and make it impossible for them to contribute to social and economic development as active members of society.Invisible gender bias in the employment process is increasingly prominent.This paper examines the current situation of women’s equal employment and the inadequacy of relevant laws and regulations from both international and Chinese perspectives.The problem of the composition of social structures and the cultural environment which is contrary to the equality of employment of women is the main reason for the current situation and the inadequacy of laws.The solution to the above problems can be found in three perspectives which are legislative improvements,legal and regulatory level improvement,and perfection of multinational enterprise responsibility.Research from the perspective of legal interpretation tends to focus on formal equality in women’s employment.‘‘MNEs’’means multinational enterprise.This makes it difficult to achieve the transition to substantive equality.Research from a public policy perspective often invites criticism of government overreach and the injustice of proposing policies that favor women’s interests.In order to better guarantee an equal employment environment for women,this paper proposes creating a gender-disaggregated employment statistics and monitoring system based on firm type and size,thereby improving the intervention mechanism of gender discrimination in employment linked by the government,social organizations,and the media.

Bioengineered materials with selective antimicrobial toxicity in biomedicine

Fungi and bacteria afflict humans with innumerous pathogen-related infections and ailments.Most of the commonly employed microbicidal agents target commensal and pathogenic microorganisms without discrimination.To distinguish and fight the pathogenic species out of the microflora,novel antimicrobials have been developed that selectively target specific bacteria and fungi.The cell wall features and antimicrobial mechanisms that these microorganisms involved in are highlighted in the present review.This is followed by reviewing the design of antimicrobials that selectively combat a specific community of microbes including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains as well as fungi.Finally,recent advances in the antimicrobial immunomodulation strategy that enables treating microorganism infections with high specificity are reviewed.These basic tenets will enable the avid reader to design novel approaches and compounds for antibacterial and antifungal applications.

Risk factors associated with Salmonella in dairy cattle farms in Henan and Hubei provinces,China

A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the risk factors associated with the Salmonella infection status of dairy herds in Henan and Hubei provinces,China.Herds were assigned a Salmonella status based on the isolation of Salmonella from fecal samples obtained from adult lactating dairy cows.Information on potential biosecurity risk factors was collected using a questionnaire template via a 15-min face-to-face interview with dairy cattle producers from May 2020 to March 2021.The questionnaire consisted of 23 questions across two broad categories of potential biosecurity risk factors:farm and biosecurity managemental factors.A total of 48 farms were surveyed.In all(100%,48/48)of the surveyed farms,although sick animals were separated from healthy animals using fencing,there were no strict quarantine protocols for newly introduced animals.Mixed species rearing was practiced in 35.4%(17/48)of the farms.Feces were removed more than once a day in 45.8%(22/48)of the farms,whereas the remainder(54.2%,26/48)only removed animal feces once a day.A total of 29.2%(14/48)of the farms were located<2 km from other livestock farms.The use of personal protective equipment was consistently performed on all farms,with a major-ity of the workers on most farms(81.3%,39/48)always disinfecting footwear before entering production areas.A significant association between Salmonella-positive status and the high frequency of the presence of wildlife(birds and rodents in sheds and feed storage places)was recorded(OR:11.9,95%Cl:1.7,84.1,p=0.013).Fortunately,no farms shared farm equipment with other farms.The study highlights the occurrence of wildlife as a risk factor for the presence of Salmonella in investigated dairy herds.There is a need to institute appropriate on-farm control measures for wild birds and rodents to control the potential spread of Salmonella in dairy production systems.

Evaluation and application of a milk antibody ELISA for assessing the prevalence and incidence of bovine tuberculosis in dairy herds in Hubei Province,China

Bovine tuberculosis(bTB)is a chronic zoonotic disease that is endemic in China.Current in-vitro tests for bTB are mainly based on blood assays.Collection of samples results in some stress to the sampled cattle and associated economic losses for the herd owner.This study was designed to investigate the relationship between milk and serum antibody tests for bTB in dairy cows using 85 cows with milk and corresponding blood samples.Totally 4,395 milk samples were used to assesse the apparent(test)prevalence and incidence of bTB using the milk antibody ELISA.The association between levels of bTB milk antibody and milk quality was also evaluated.Milk and serum antibody tests showed a good correlation with a 87.5%(95%CI:61.7%,98.4)positive agreement and 98.7%(95%CI:95.4,99.8)negative agreement.The animal level lactoprevalence ranged from 0.3%(95%CI:0,1.2)to 33.3%(95%CI:26.6,40.6)in different farms and the incidence rate ranged from 0 head/cow-month(95%CI:0,0.02)to 0.04 head/cow-month(95%CI:0.02,0.07).Twenty percent of sampled farms met the criteria for bTB control in China.The prevalence on large-scale farms was lower(p<0.001)than on small farms.The bTB milk antibody levels had a negative correlation with milk yield and a positive correlation with somatic cell count(SCC),milk protein percentage(MPP)and percentage of total solids(TS).According to this research,milk ELISA could be used as a supplement of blood samples to assist in the surveillance for bTB and for alerting control and eradication of bTB.

Abiotic stress tolerance:Genetics,genomics,and breeding

1.Tenth anniversary of The Crop Journal The Crop Journal will be 10 years old in October 2023.The journal is sponsored by the Crop Science Society of China,the Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,and China Science Publishing&Media Group Ltd.(Science Press).It is published by Science Press and Ke Ai (founded by China Science Publishing&Media Ltd.and Elsevier).

Genotypic Divergence, Photosynthetic Efficiency, Sodium Extrusion, and Osmoprotectant Regulation Conferred Salt Tolerance in Sorghum

Salt stress is one of the major limitations to modern agriculture that negatively influences plant growth and productivity.Salt tolerant cultivar can provide excellent solution to enhance stress tolerance with plantfitness to unfavorable environments.Therefore,this study was aimed to screen salt tolerant sorghum genotypes through evaluating of different morphological,biochemical,and physiological attributes in response to salinity stress.In this study,we have been evaluated total six sorghum genotypes including Hybrid sorgo,Debgiri,BD-703,BD-706,BD-707,and BD-725 under salt stress(12 dS m^(-1) NaCl).The response variables included length and weight of root and shoot,root:shoot ratio(RSR),photosynthesis(A),transpiration rate(E),elemental concen-trations(K^(+),Na^(+) and K^(+)/Na^(+)),photochemical efficiency of photosystem II(F_(v)/F_(m)),water use efficiency(WUE)and pigment content(chlorophyll a,and b).The results revealed that saline environment significantly reduced all response variables under study of sorghum genotypes,however,Hybrid sorgo remained unmatched by recording the maximum root and shoot traits.The same genotype recorded higher photosynthetic efficiency which was attributed to Na^(+) extrusion,K^(+) uptake and higher K^(+)/Na^(+) ratio(1.8 at stress),while these mechanisms were not fully active in rest of genotypes.Moreover,this study also implies the involvement of proline in imparting tolerance against saline environment in Hybrid sorgo genotype.Overall,BD-703 remained the most salt sensitive genotype as evident from the minimum morphological growth traits and the least biosynthesis of osmoprotectants.Thesefindings open new research avenues for salt stress alleviation by identifying elite salt-to-lerant genotypes of sorghum for breeding programs.

A high-quality Bougainvillea genome provides new insights into evolutionary history and pigment biosynthetic pathways in the Caryophyllales

Bougainvillea is a perennial ornamental shrub that is highly regarded in ornamental horticulture around the world.However,the absence of genome data limits our understanding of the pathways involved in bract coloration and breeding.Here,we report a chromosome-level assembly of the giga-genome of Bougainvillea×buttiana‘Mrs Butt’,a cultivar thought to be the origin of many other Bougainvillea cultivars.The assembled genome is∼5 Gb with a scaffold N50 of 151756278 bp and contains 86572 genes which have undergone recent whole-genome duplication.We confirmed that multiple rounds of whole-genome multiplication have occurred in the evolutionary history of the Caryophyllales,reconstructed the relationship in the Caryophyllales at whole genome level,and found discordance between species and gene trees as the result of complex introgression events.We investigated betalain and anthocyanin biosynthetic pathways and found instances of independent evolutionary innovations in the nine different Caryophyllales species.To explore the potential formation mechanism of diverse bract colors in Bougainvillea,we analyzed the genes involved in betalain and anthocyanin biosynthesis and found extremely low expression of ANS and DFR genes in all cultivars,which may limit anthocyanin biosynthesis.Our findings indicate that the expression pattern of the betalain biosynthetic pathway did not directly correlate with bract color,and a higher expression level in the betalain biosynthetic pathway is required for colored bracts.This improved understanding of the correlation between gene expression and bract color allows plant breeding outcomes to be predicted with greater certainty.

Flattening the biological age curve by improving metabolic health:to taurine or not to taurine,that’s the question

The aging population is an important issue around the world especially in developed countries.Although med-ical advances have substantially extended life span,the same cannot be said for the duration of health span.We are seeing in-creasing numbers of elderly people who are frail and/or have multiple chronic conditions;all of these can affect the quality of life of the elderly population as well as increase the burden on the healthcare system.Aging is mechanistically related to common medical conditions such as diabetes mellitus,ischemic heart disease,cognitive decline,and frailty.A recently accepted concept termed‘Accelerated Biological Aging’can be diagnosed when a person’s biological age—as measured by biomarkers of DNA methylation—is older than their corresponding chronological age.Taurine,a conditionally essential amino acid,has received much attention in the past few years.A substantial number of animal studies have provided a strong scientific foundation sug-gesting that this amino acid can improve cellular and metabolic health,including blood glucose control,so much that it has been labelled one of the‘longevity amino acids’.In this review article,we propose the rationale that an adequately powered random-ized-controlled-trial(RCT)is needed to confirm whether taurine can meaningfully improve metabolic and microbiome health,and biological age.This trial should incorporate certain elements in order to provide the much-needed evidence to guide doctors,and also the community at large,to determine whether this promising and inexpensive amino acid is useful in improving human metabolic health.

施P肥和外生菌根菌接种对蓝桉林产量和养分积累的影响

主要研究施P肥和接种外生菌根菌对蓝桉生长、生物量和养分积累的影响。在云南楚雄的试验表明:接种外生菌根菌只能在幼林期促进树木生长,3a后这种促进作用不显著。施P肥能在幼林期促进蓝桉树高和胸径的生长,但4 5a后这种促进作用也变得不显著。由于施P肥提高了蓝桉的保存率,所以也显著地提高了蓝桉林的生物量。低P处理时,树木保存率低,较大的生长空间促进了树木的后期生长,可能会导致施P肥对后期单株蓝桉树高和胸径生长作用不显著。施P肥还增加了树木N、P和K的养分积累量,提高了上述养分的利用效率。施P肥同时还明显增加了林下植被和林下凋落物P的积累量,但不能明显增加N和K的养分积累量。树木叶片和土壤分析结果进一步说明施P肥对蓝桉幼林作用明显。试验表现出接种外生菌根菌只能在低P情况下促进树木生长,不能在高P情况下促进树木生长的基本趋势。