Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and is estimated to be the cause of 13.1 million deaths in 2030. Breast cancer is the second cancer in the global mortality ranking, considering both sexes. Due to the bur...Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and is estimated to be the cause of 13.1 million deaths in 2030. Breast cancer is the second cancer in the global mortality ranking, considering both sexes. Due to the burden of breast cancer worldwide, this paper aims to present an overview of the main R&D efforts focusing on breast cancer treatment. Patents were retrieved from the Derwent Innovations Index?, which has a specific code for pharmaceuticals related to breast cancer. A total of 423 patent documents filed in recent years were identified, of which 126 are exclusively for breast cancer, 169 for breast cancer and other cancers, and 128 are inventions related to the treatment of cancer and other diseases. The patent documents were classified into two large groups, the first of which had a predominance of claims for antibodies, proteins and polypeptides for use in medication production, while the second focuses on gene therapy, nucleotides and RNA. The country with the majority of priority patent applications was found to be the United States, followed by China and Japan.展开更多
BackgroundHuman rabies outbreak transmitted by bats continues to be a relevant public health problem not only in the Amazon region. The disease has affected one of the areas with the greatest poverty in southeastern B...BackgroundHuman rabies outbreak transmitted by bats continues to be a relevant public health problem not only in the Amazon region. The disease has affected one of the areas with the greatest poverty in southeastern Brazil, a region inhabited by the Maxakali indigenous people.Case presentationWe describe four cases of rabies among indigenous children that occurred in the indigenous village of Pradinho, municipality of Bertópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Cases were notified between April and May 2022, all of whom died on average eight days after the first symptoms. All cases were observed in rural residents under 12 years of age. The probable form of exposure was through bat bites. The predominant symptoms were prostration, fever, dyspnea, sialorrhea, tachycardia, and altered level of consciousness. Half of the cases underwent late and/or incomplete post-exposure rabies prophylaxis, however, the other half underwent pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis, with only one case completing the scheme and another undergoing the adapted Milwaukee Protocol (Recife Protocol). All cases ended in death.ConclusionsThis was the first rabies outbreak among indigenous people in Brazil. Among the manifested clinical forms in the series, there was a disease atypical presentation in at least one case. We suggest active surveillance and an intercultural educational campaign to prevent new cases.展开更多
文摘Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and is estimated to be the cause of 13.1 million deaths in 2030. Breast cancer is the second cancer in the global mortality ranking, considering both sexes. Due to the burden of breast cancer worldwide, this paper aims to present an overview of the main R&D efforts focusing on breast cancer treatment. Patents were retrieved from the Derwent Innovations Index?, which has a specific code for pharmaceuticals related to breast cancer. A total of 423 patent documents filed in recent years were identified, of which 126 are exclusively for breast cancer, 169 for breast cancer and other cancers, and 128 are inventions related to the treatment of cancer and other diseases. The patent documents were classified into two large groups, the first of which had a predominance of claims for antibodies, proteins and polypeptides for use in medication production, while the second focuses on gene therapy, nucleotides and RNA. The country with the majority of priority patent applications was found to be the United States, followed by China and Japan.
文摘BackgroundHuman rabies outbreak transmitted by bats continues to be a relevant public health problem not only in the Amazon region. The disease has affected one of the areas with the greatest poverty in southeastern Brazil, a region inhabited by the Maxakali indigenous people.Case presentationWe describe four cases of rabies among indigenous children that occurred in the indigenous village of Pradinho, municipality of Bertópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Cases were notified between April and May 2022, all of whom died on average eight days after the first symptoms. All cases were observed in rural residents under 12 years of age. The probable form of exposure was through bat bites. The predominant symptoms were prostration, fever, dyspnea, sialorrhea, tachycardia, and altered level of consciousness. Half of the cases underwent late and/or incomplete post-exposure rabies prophylaxis, however, the other half underwent pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis, with only one case completing the scheme and another undergoing the adapted Milwaukee Protocol (Recife Protocol). All cases ended in death.ConclusionsThis was the first rabies outbreak among indigenous people in Brazil. Among the manifested clinical forms in the series, there was a disease atypical presentation in at least one case. We suggest active surveillance and an intercultural educational campaign to prevent new cases.
