Theory for Charge Density Wave and Orbital-Flux State in Antiferromagnetic Kagome Metal FeGe

We theoretically study the charge order and orbital magnetic properties of a new type of antiferromagnetic kagome metal FeGe.Based on first-principles density functional theory calculations,we study the electronic structures,Fermi-surface quantum fluctuations,as well as phonon properties of the antiferromagnetic kagome metal FeGe.It is found that charge density wave emerges in such a system due to a subtle cooperation between electron-electron interactions and electron–phonon couplings,which gives rise to an unusual scenario of interaction-triggered phonon instabilities,and eventually yields a charge density wave(CDW)state.We further show that,in the CDW phase,the ground-state current density distribution exhibits an intriguing star-of-David pattern,leading to flux density modulation.The orbital fluxes(or current loops)in this system emerge as a result of the subtle interplay between magnetism,lattice geometries,charge order,and spin-orbit coupling(SOC),which can be described by a simple,yet universal,tight-binding theory including a Kane-Mele-type SOC term and a magnetic exchange interaction.We further study the origin of the peculiar step-edge states in FeGe,which sheds light on the topological properties and correlation effects in this new type of kagome antiferromagnetic material.

Effects of Initial and Boundary Conditions on Heavy Rainfall Simulation over the Yellow Sea and the Korean Peninsula:Comparison of ECMWF and NCEP Analysis Data Effects and Verification with Dropsonde Observation

This study evaluated the simulation performance of mesoscale convective system(MCS)-induced precipitation,focusing on three selected cases that originated from the Yellow Sea and propagated toward the Korean Peninsula.The evaluation was conducted for the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)and National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)analysis data,as well as the simulation result using them as initial and lateral boundary conditions for the Weather Research and Forecasting model.Particularly,temperature and humidity profiles from 3D dropsonde observations from the National Center for Meteorological Science of the Korea Meteorological Administration served as validation data.Results showed that the ECMWF analysis consistently had smaller errors compared to the NCEP analysis,which exhibited a cold and dry bias in the lower levels below 850 hPa.The model,in terms of the precipitation simulations,particularly for high-intensity precipitation over the Yellow Sea,demonstrated higher accuracy when applying ECMWF analysis data as the initial condition.This advantage also positively influenced the simulation of rainfall events on the Korean Peninsula by reasonably inducing convective-favorable thermodynamic features(i.e.,warm and humid lower-level atmosphere)over the Yellow Sea.In conclusion,this study provides specific information about two global analysis datasets and their impacts on MCS-induced heavy rainfall simulation by employing dropsonde observation data.Furthermore,it suggests the need to enhance the initial field for MCS-induced heavy rainfall simulation and the applicability of assimilating dropsonde data for this purpose in the future.

A salt-induced tackifying polymer for enhancing oil recovery in highsalinity reservoirs:Synthesis,evaluation,and mechanism

Polymerflooding is an effective method widely applied for enhancing oil recovery(EOR)by reducing the mobility ratio between theinjected water and crude oil.However,traditional polymers encounter challenges in high salinity reservoirs due to their salt sensitivity.Toovercome this challenge,we synthesized a zwitterion polymer(PAMNS)with salt-induced tackifying property through copolymerization ofacrylamide and a zwitterion monomer,methylacrylamide propyl-N,N-dimethylbutylsulfonate(NS).NS monomer is obtained from thereaction between 1,4-butanesultone and dimethylamino propyl methylacrylamide.In this study,the rheological properties,salt responsiveness,and EOR efficiency of PAMNS were evaluated.Results demonstrate that PAMNS exhibits desirable salt-induced tackifyingcharacteristics,with viscosity increasing up to 2.4 times as the NaCl concentration reaches a salinity of 30×10^(4)mg L^(-1).Furthermore,highvalence ions possess a much stronger effect on enhancing viscosity,manifested as Mg^(2+)>Ca^(2+)>Na^(+).Molecular dynamics simulations(MD)andfluid dynamics experiment results demonstrate that PAMNS molecules exhibit a more stretched state and enhanced intermolecularassociations in high-salinity environments.It is because of the salt-induced tackifying,PAMNS demonstrates superior performance inpolymerflooding experiments under salinity ranges from 5×10^(4)mg L^(-1)to 20×10^(4)mg L^(-1),leading to 10.38–19.83%higher EOR thantraditional polymers.

热泵在中国实现2060年碳中和目标中的作用被低估径

1.The crucial role of heating decarbonization in achieving carbon neutrality in China by 2060,The decarbonization of heating,in both buildings and industries,presents a major challenge and opportunity for China if the nation is going to meet its 2060 commitment to carbon neutrality.Currently,as shown in Fig.1(a)[1],the buildings and industrial sectors share the largest proportion(more than 70%)of end-use energy demand in China.In the buildings sector,heating accounts for half of the energy demand[2];in the industrial sector,50%-70%of the energy demand is for process heating[3].As summarized in Fig.1(b)[3],heating demand in the buildings sector usually requires temperatures below 80℃;in different areas of the industrial sector—including but not limited to distillation,drying,and dyeing—the heating demand ranges across various temperatures that are mainly lower than 170℃.On average,more than 40%of industrial heat consumption falls below 150℃[4].

Achievements,challenges,and recommendations for waterbird conservation in China's coastal wetlands

China’s coastal wetlands provide breeding,migration stopover,and wintering habitats for about 230 waterbird species,which is more than a quarter of all waterbirds in the world.Large-scale and high intensity human activities have resulted in serious loss and degradation of coastal wetlands over the past half century,causing population declines in many waterbirds.Through a literature review and expert surveys,this article reviews conservation measures taken in recent decades to protect waterbirds in China’s coastal wetlands and provides recommendations for future conservation action from three aspects:policy and administration,habitat conservation and management,and multiparty participation.Over the past decades,many conservation legislation,regulations and action plans at the national level and more site-specific measures and interventions have been implemented,with notable improvement in the effectiveness in policy making and multi-stakeholder participation.Accordingly,some threats to waterbirds have been mitigated and many key sites for waterbirds have been designated as strictly protected nature reserves.However,some critical issues still remain,mostly related to habitat conservation and management,such as coastal wetland restoration,control of invasive Spartina alterniflora,control of environmental pollution,and improvement of artificial habitat quality.We highlight that protecting natural tidal wetlands and improving habitat quality are critical for the conservation of coastal waterbirds,especially those highly dependent on the intertidal wetlands.China has demonstrated strong commitment to ecological conservation and restoration for the future,in terms of both funding and policies for biodiversity and wetland ecosystems.It is important that this commitment to conserve coastal waterbirds is supported continuously by science-and evidence-based decisions and actions.

Prions:a threat to health security and the need for effective medical countermeasures

Prions are infectious conformations of certain naturally occurring proteins.These misfolded proteins can struc­turally alter healthy protein,creating misfolded copies that repeat the process and form protein aggregates that lead to neuronal cell death.Although years can pass from initial prion infection to clinical presentation of symp­toms,onset of symptoms is typically followed by rapid neurological decline resulting in death.Prion diseases have been characterized in animals ranging from sheep and cattle to cervids and humans,with notable cross-species infections such as the variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.Thus,prions present a health risk with the potential to disrupt major food sources as well affect human health through animal to human and human to human trans­mission events.While human to human prion transmission is rare and the immediate risks for a prion-facilitated pandemic are low,prions are a class of pathogens for which we are underprepared.In addition,prions,and prion disease-like approaches,have also been discussed in the context of biological weapons and toxins,adding another layer of complexity surrounding biosecurity and biodefense.These threats underscore the need for increased scrutiny and research on prions.Here,pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical prion-specific interventions are discussed.Recent advances in prion therapeutic development are also briefly highlighted,and a set of policy rec­ommendations are given that aims to provide high level suggestions for the prevention and mitigation of prion diseases.

Corrigendum to“Achievements,challenges,and recommendations for waterbird conservation in China's coastal wetlands”[Avian Res.14(2023)100123]

The authors regret that Fig.1 and its caption should be replaced as below.

A Hybrid Regional Model for Predicting Ground Deformation Induced by Large-Section Tunnel Excavation

Due to the large number of finite element mesh generated,it is difficult to use full-scale model to simulate largesection underground engineering,especially considering the coupling effect.A regional model is attempted to achieve this simulation.A variable boundary condition method for hybrid regional model is proposed to realize the numerical simulation of large-section tunnel construction.Accordingly,the balance of initial ground stress under asymmetric boundary conditions achieves by applying boundary conditions step by step with secondary development ofDynaflowscripts,which is the key issue of variable boundary conditionmethod implementation.In this paper,Gongbei tunnel based on hybrid regional model involvingmulti-field coupling is simulated.Meanwhile,the variable boundary condition method for regional model is verified against model initialization and the ground deformation due to tunnel excavation is predicted via the proposed hybrid regional model.Compared with the monitoring data of actual engineering,the results indicated that the hybrid regional model has a good prediction effect.

Not one thing at a time:When concomitant multiple stressors produce a transdiagnostic clinical picture

A condition of exposure to multiple stressors resulting in a mixed clinical picture spanning conventional categories without meeting any of them in full,encompasses a risk for a list of comorbidities preventing appropriate prevention and treatment.New transformative transdiagnostic approaches suggest changes spanning conventional categories.They base their systems of classification on biomarkers as well as on brain structural and functional dysregulation as associated with behavioral and emotional symptoms.These new approaches received critiques for not being specific enough and for suggesting a few biomarkers for psychopathology as a whole.Therefore,they put the value of differential diagnosis at risk of avoiding appropriate derived prevention and treatment.Multiplicity of stressors has been considered mostly during and following catastrophes,without considering the resulting mixed clinical picture and life event concomitant stressors.We herewith suggest a new category within the conventional classification systems:The Complex Stress Reaction Syndrome,for a condition of multiplicity of stressors,which showed a mixed clinical picture for daily life in the post coronavirus disease 2019 era,in the general population.We argue that this condition may be relevant to daily,regular life,across the lifespan,and beyond conditions of catastrophes.We further argue that this condition may worsen without professional care and it may develop into a severe mental health disorder,more costly to health systems and the suffering individuals.Means for derived prevention and treatment are discussed.

Transdiagnostic considerations of mental health for the post-COVID era:Lessons from the first surge of the pandemic

BACKGROUND The Coronavirus disease 19(COVID-19)-related psychiatric burden partly results from prolonged social stress world-wide.Studies have examined the psychiatric impact of COVID-19 on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition(DSM 5)and International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision(ICD-11)categories,implicating multiple diagnoses,complicating clinical management.AIM To verify whether COVID-19-related psychopathology spans multiple DSM-5 and ICD-11 diagnoses,but not in a random pattern.Consequently,empirical analysis of the multiple associated symptoms will better describe COVID-19-related psychopathology.METHODS We conducted a bi-national study during the first surge of the pandemic:an Italian sample(n=21217,studied March-April 2020);and three representative longitudinal samples from Israel(n=1276,1189,and 1432 respectively,studied May-July 2020).Data in Italy were collected by a national internet-based survey with an initially approached sample of about one million persons and in Israel by the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics using probability-based national representative sampling.Data analysis focused on the frequency and patterns of reported multiple mental health symptoms.RESULTS Combinations with all symptoms were more prevalent than combinations with fewer symptoms,with no majorities-minorities differences in both countries,demonstrating the generalizability of the transdiagnostic pattern of mental health issues in both nations.A history of previous mental disorder(Italian study)and an increase in symptom prevalence over time(Israel study)were associated with an increased number of symptoms.Conclusions:Based on finding correlated symptom diversity spanning conventional diagnostic categories,we suggest that the pattern of mental health issues associated with the COVID-19 pandemic is transdiagnostic.CONCLUSION The findings have implications for improving prevention and treatment of COVID-19 related psychopathology and for post-pandemic times in conditions resulting from multiplicity of stressors with mixed symptomatology in the clinical picture.

Origin Africa: A Natural History

The book is a unique introduction to the natural history and evolution of the most misrepresented continent on Earth.Celebrated evolutionary biologist and artist Jonathan Kingdon,a leading expert on the natural history of Africa,tells this extraordinary story as no one else can.Featuring a wealth of photographs and illustrations,the book is both a visual and narrative feast.

International study of the Complex Stress Reaction Syndrome:Implications for transdiagnostic clinical practice

BACKGROUND The debate regarding diagnostic classification systems in psychiatry(categorial vs dimensional systems)has essential implications for the diagnosis,prevention and treatment of stress reactions.We previously found a unique pattern of stress reaction in a study executed during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic using large representative samples in two countries,and termed it the Complex Stress Reaction Syndrome(CSRS).AIM To investigate CSRS,Type A(psychiatric symptoms,spanning anxiety,depression,stress symptoms,and posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)),with or without long-coronavirus disease(COVID)residuals(CSRS,Type B,neuropsychiatric symptoms spanning cognitive deficits and fatigue,excluding systemic symptoms).Our two-tailed hypothesis was that CSRS is a condition related to an unrecognized type of stress reaction in daily life in the general population(Type A)or that it is related to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and its long-COVID residuals(Type B).METHODS 977 individuals in four continents(North America,Europe,Australia and the Middle East)completed the online study questionnaire in six languages using the Qualtrics platform.The study was managed by six teams in six countries that promoted the study on social media.The questionnaire assessed anxiety,depression,stress symptoms and PTSD(CSRS,Type A),cognitive deficits and fatigue(CSRS,Type B).The data were analyzed using Proportion Analyses,Multivariate Analysis of Co-Variance(MANCOVA),linear regression analyses and validated clinical cutoff points.RESULTS The results of the Proportion Analyses showed that the prevalence of 4 symptoms spanning anxiety,depression,stress symptoms,and PTSD was significantly higher than the most prevalent combinations of fewer symptoms across 4 continents,age groups,and gender.This supports the transdiagnostic argument embedded in the CSRS(Type A).The same pattern of results was found in infected/recovered individuals.The prevalence of the 4 psychiatric symptoms combination was significantly greater than that of 5 and 6 symptoms,when adding cognitive deficits and fatigue,respectively.MANCOVA showed a significant three-way interaction(age×gender×continent).Further analyses showed that the sources of this three-way interaction were threefold relating to two sub-populations at-risk:(1)Individuals that self-identified as non-binary gender scored significantly higher on all 4 psychiatric symptoms of the CSRS,Type A at young age groups(<50 years old)in North America compared to(self-identified)women and men located in the 4 continents studied,and to other ages across the adult life span;and(2)This pattern of results(CSRS,Type A)was found also in women at young ages(<40 years old)in North America who scored higher compared to men and women in other continents and other ages.Linear regression analyses confirmed the MANCOVA results.CONCLUSION These results show a combined mental health risk factor related to stress reactivity,suggesting that the CSRS is sensitive to populations at risk and may be applied to future identification of other vulnerable sub-populations.It also supports the transdiagnostic approach for more accurate prevention and treatment.Time will tell if such transdiagnostic syndromes will be part of the discussions on the next revisions of the traditional classification systems or whether the crisis in psychiatry further evolves.

澜沧江流域干旱变化的时空特征

干旱是澜沧江流域的突出自然灾害,研究气候变化背景下的流域干旱变化特征具有重要科学意义与应用价值。该文基于澜沧江流域及其周边35个气象站点1960-2005年的日降水数据,利用多时间尺度下的标准化降水指数(SPI)分析了流域干旱变化的时空特征。研究发现,主成份分析与K-means聚类的多元统计方法可分别将流域在空间上分为4个具有不同干旱演化特征的区域,2种分区方案具有很高的空间一致性。对划分的4个区域典型站点的小波分析表明,流域干旱变化的周期一般在3～6a。研究结论可为相关部门的决策提供参考。

前陆冲断带复杂构造解析与建模——以准噶尔盆地南缘第一排背斜带为例

构造解析应从构造的变形机制、变形过程、变形量和变形时间四个方面入手,合理的构造解释方案是构造解析的基础,论文将等倾角区划分和轴面分析等几何学方法应用到地震解释中,从以上4个方面对准噶尔盆地南缘第一排背斜带做了系统的构造解析。地层结构揭示第一排背斜带深部发育楔状构造,楔状构造由5个古生界—中生界组成的断层转折褶皱叠加而成,是潜在的勘探目标群。在构造楔沿侏罗系西山窑组煤层向北扩展过程中,台阶状逆断层的大部分位移量沿构造楔顶部的反冲断层向南消减,另一部分位移量则沿西山窑组煤层向北传递至第二排背斜带,在总位移量保持稳定的前提下,第一排背斜带和第二排背斜带在走向上的此消彼长,反映位移量在南、北两个方向上的转换。

南天山库车冲断褶皱带构造变形时间——以库车河地区为例

本文利用野外调查结果、二维地震反射剖面、钻井和测井数据建立了一条横穿库车河地区的南北向构造剖面,将库车冲断褶皱带划分为北部褶皱带、克依构造带、秋立塔格背斜带和亚肯背斜带。作者在库车冲断褶皱带北部发现了渐新世—中新世角度不整合,在库车南部亚肯背斜和东秋立塔格背斜顶部发现了构造生长地层,通过确定构造生长地层的底界,利用库车河地区古近系(下第三系)—第四系磁极柱,判断亚肯背斜和东秋立塔格背斜构造生长地层的沉积时代为5.2±0.2 Ma。上述结果暗示库车冲断褶皱带北部山前带的变形始于渐新世,并且经历了中新世、上新世的构造改造,南部秋立塔格背斜带和亚肯背斜带形成较晚,可能是上新世开始变形,而且变形活动持续至今,由此看来库车冲断褶皱带的变形时代由北向南变新。作者估算东秋立塔格背斜上新世以来(5.2±0.2 Ma)的构造变形量为7.5 km,变形速率为1.5 mm/a。

晚新生代以来天山南、北麓冲断作用的定量分析

利用地表地质、二维地震和钻、测井资料建立了两条横穿天山南、北麓库车河地区和金钩河—安集海河地区的构造剖面,从几何学和运动学的角度探讨新生代以来不同序次台阶状逆断层及其相关褶皱的叠加过程、以及叠加过程中断层形态、褶皱形态与位移量之间的定量关系。生长地层和生长不整合分析表明,上新世早期(4.2～5Ma)可能是天山南、北麓新生代冲断褶皱的主要形成期,发育自天山内部的台阶状逆断层在向两侧沉积盆地扩展过程中形成多个滑脱面和断坡,断层位移在断坡位置引发褶皱变形,从而形成南北方向背斜带成排分布的构造格局。在天山南麓库车河剖面中,控制库车地区构造变形的三条台阶状逆断层位移量分别为5.7km、6.3km和18km,它们的活动时代由老到新,而位移量却逐渐增大,反映新生代以来天山南麓的冲断作用可能存在一个加速的过程。按上述数值计算,渐新世(23Ma)以来的缩短速率为1.3mm/a,上新世(5.2±0.2Ma)以来的缩短速率为3.6mm/a。在天山北麓金钩河—安集海河剖面中,山前深部楔形体内的断层位移量为16.9km,但只有6km的位移量沿中上侏罗统西山窑组煤层内的滑脱面向北传递至第二排背斜带,而至第三排背斜带,位移量已递减为0.22～0.29km。以上新世早期(4.2～5Ma)作为构造活动时间,计算出该剖面上、下构造层上新世以来的缩短速率为2.6～3.1mm/a和3.8～4.5mm/a,其中下构造层内的山前深部楔形体、霍尔果斯深层背斜和安集海背斜的缩短速率分别为3.9～4.6mm/a、1.2～1.4mm/a和0.04～0.38mm/a,这说明由于断层位移量在向北传递过程中不断被褶皱作用吸收或沿反冲断层向南消减,各排背斜带的变形强度由南向北依次减弱。

复杂构造解析中的几何学方法与应用

复杂构造地区的地震反射资料并没有直观地反映出深、浅层构造的真实形态。综合地表、地震和钻井、测井资料,应用等倾角区划分和轴面分析确定断层形态和褶皱形态在几何学上的定量关系,以达到预测地震资料较差地区的构造形态之目的,是行之有效的构造解释方法。在获得解释方案后可通过断层相关褶皱分析获得构造变形量、变形机制、变形过程和变形时间,进而定量模拟不同时代和不同序次台阶状逆断层及其相关褶皱的叠加过程。本文提供了塔里木盆地周边和准噶尔盆地南缘4个冲断带的研究实例,实例1详述了应用等倾角区划分和轴面分析开展构造精细解析的步骤;实例2从几何学和运动学的角度探讨帕米尔北缘乌帕尔冲断带在形成过程中断层形态、褶皱形态与位移量之间的定量关系;实例3从西昆仑山前甫沙冲断带三排背斜的生长地层底界由南向北逐渐抬升的现象阐述深部台阶状逆断层的"前列式"扩展作用;实例4运用构造趋势分析解释库车前陆盆地秋里塔格背斜带中段地表背斜轴线扭曲的运动学机理。

小鼠海马神经网络对情景体验进行实时编码的功能单元的发现与鉴别

为了在神经网络层次上研究大脑对情景记忆信息实时编码的原理,我们创制了96通道微电极阵列系统．利用该系统,在小鼠经历惊吓事件过程中,对其大脑海马区多达260个神经元的放电活动进行了同步观察和记录．我们发现,惊吓情景刺激促发了小鼠海马CAI区神经元的放电模式发生改变,且这种改变与惊吓事件的特性及发生环境密切相关．运用统计学中的模式判别法。这些神经元的放电活动在低维空间形成了明显的集群式编码模式．进一步运用“移动窗口扫描”法,我们不仅能观察到神经网络实时编码的动态变化过程,而且能追踪惊吓事件之后记忆痕迹在神经元网络上的再现轨迹及次数．我们的分析表明：大脑海马CA1区神经网络的编码能力来自于由一系列神经元簇组成的功能性编码单元,神经元簇中的各神经元个体通过协同放电,从而克服了单一神经元放电的随机可变性,使对外界信息的实时编码获得稳定的高信噪比．这些功能性编码单元集群的激活形式能转换为具有实时性的一串串二进制数码,这一转换使不同动物大脑对各种行为事件获得了简明而通用的分类与编码．

晚更新世以来南天山阿克苏地区地壳缩短率

作者研究南天山中段阿克苏—库车山前带活动断层 ,发现断层切过托木尔峰山麓第四纪冰碛物和阶地 ,形成 2条断层崖。通过测量阶地和冰碛物的变形量 ,推断阶地和冰碛物的沉积年代 ,估算南天山中段阿克苏地区晚更新世以来的地壳缩短率可能为 1 .85mm/a。这个缩短率与库尔勒地区 (2 mm/a)和柯坪地区 (1 .8mm/a)的地壳缩短率一致 ,但是小于南天山西段喀什地区 (1 0± 2 mm/a)和天山东段玛纳斯地区 (6± 3mm/a)的地壳缩短率 ,表明天山不同地段的地壳缩短率存在明显差异。

三角剪切断层传播褶皱作用理论与应用

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