Isolation, Identification and Drug Susceptibility Test of a Strain of Escherichia coli Causing Fox Pneumonia

[Objective] The paper was to determine the pathogen causing fox pneumonia in a breeding factory in Changli County.[Method]Through autopsy, a dominant strain was isolated from the lung of dead foxes, which was then performed Gram staining, 16 S rRNA sequence analysis and biochemical identification.[Result] The strain was negative in Gram staining, and was identified as E. coli through 16 S rRNA sequence analysis and biochemical identification. Drug susceptibility test was conducted using 15 kinds of drug susceptibility papers. The E. coli was sensitive to florfenicol, enrofloxacin, ceftriaxone, norfloxacin;intermediately sensitive to amikacin, gentamicin;and strongly resistant to penicillin, ampicillin,cefradine, sulfamethoxazole, lincomycin, streptomycin and amoxicillin.[Conclusion] It is difficult to treat E. coli causing fox pneumonia with traditional antibiotics clinically.

Correlation Analysis of Drug Resistance and Resistant Genotypes of Pathogenic Klebsiella peneumoniae from Racoon Dog to Fluoroquinolones

[Objective] The paper was to analyze the correlation between drug resistance and resistant genotypes of pathogenic Klebsiella peneumoniae from racoon dog to fluoroquinolones.[Method] The drug resistance and resistant genes of 24 strains of pathogenic K. peneumoniae from racoon dog to fluoroquinolones were detected by K-B drug susceptibility paper and PCR.[Result] Multiple drug-resistant strains were dominant among 24 strains of pathogenic K. peneumoniae, and the drug resistance to levofloxacin, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin was 70.8%-79.2%;the strains resistant to 4, 3 and 2 antibiotics were 58.3%, 29.2% and 8.3%, respectively. The detection rates of drug-resistant genes TEM, gyrB, parC,parE, gyrA and SHV were 75%-100%, and the number of strains carrying 9, 8, 7, 6, 4 and 3 drug-resistant genes was 4.2%-41.7%. Comparison of drug-resistant genes and drug resistance showed that the coincidence rates of levofloxacin, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin were 78.9%-100%.[Conclusion] There were certain correlation between drug resistance and resistant genotypes of 24 strains of pathogenic Klebsiella peneumo-niae to fluoroquinolones.

Anti-fatigue Effect of L-arginine Complex Preparation on Mice

Objective:To investigate the anti-fatigue effect of L-arginine complex preparation on mice.Methods:The experimental mice were divided into a blank group,low dose group,medium dose group and high dose group.L-arginine complex preparation mice were intragastrically administered for 30 days,and the mice were tested for exhaustive swimming time.At the same time,contents of plasma lactic acid,lactate dehydrogenase,urea nitrogen and hepatic glycogen were measured.Results:Compared with the blank control group,the weight-bearing swimming time and hypoxia-tolerant survival time of the low,middle and high dose groups was significantly increased(P<0.05).Whereas,the serum urea nitrogen levels and lactose content were significantly decreased(P<0.05).However,compared with the blank control group,the liver glycogen content of the middle and high dose groups was increased significantly(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in the low dose group.Conclusion:The L-arginine complex preparation has an anti-fatigue function in mice.

Equivalent efficacy study of QL1101 and bevacizumab on untreated advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer patients: a phase 3 randomized, double-blind clinical trial

Objective:This phase 3 study aimed to test equivalence in efficacy and safety for QL1101,a bevacizumab analogue in Chinese patients with untreated locally advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods:Eligible patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive carboplatin and paclitaxel in combination with either QL1101 or bevacizumab,15 mg/kg every 3-week for 6 cycles.This was followed by maintenance treatment with single agent QL1101 every 3-week.The primary end-point was objective response rate(ORR),with secondary end-points being progression-free survival(PFS),overall survival(OS),disease control rate(DCR),and adverse events(AEs).Results:Of 675 patients,535 eligible patients were randomized to the QL1101 group(n=269)and bevacizumab group(n=266).ORRs were 52.8%and 56.8%,respectively,for the QL1101 and bevacizumab groups,with an ORR hazard ratio 0.93(95%confidence interval:0.8-0131.1).The PFS,OS,DCR,and AEs were comparable between the 2 groups,which remained the same after stratification according to epidermal growth factor receptor mutation or smoking history.Conclusions:QL1101 showed similar efficacy and safety profiles as compared to bevacizumab among Chinese patients with untreated locally advanced non-squamous NSCLC.

QL1706 (anti-PD-1 IgG4/CTLA-4 antibody) plus chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a multi-cohort, phase II study

First-line chemoimmunotherapy(with or without bevacizumab)has improved outcomes in advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Here,this open-label,multi-cohort phase II study(NCT05329025)was done to investigate the safety and efficacy of QL1706(a single bifunctional MabPair product against PD-1 and CTLA-4)and chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab in this population.Patients were enrolled into five different cohorts based on genotype(cohorts 1-4,epidermal growth factor receptor[EGFR]wild-type;cohort 5,EGFR-mutant and progressed on EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors[TKIs]).Between June 11,2021 and December 29,2021,91 patients were enrolled.Most frequent treatment-related adverse events(TRAEs)included decreased appetite(60[65.9%]),anemia(60[65.9%]),infusion-related reactions(48[52.7%]),and pruritus(44[48.4%]).Grade≥3 TRAEs occurred in 30(33.0%)patients.Twenty-seven(45%)patients with wild-type EGFR achieved partial response(PR)(objective response rate[ORR]=45%)and had a median progression-free survival(mPFS)of 6.8 months(95%CI:5.2-9.7).For 31 patients harboring mutated EGFR,17(54.8%)achieved PR(ORR=54.8%),with an mPFS of 8.5 months(95%CI:5.72-not evaluable).Overall,QL1706 plus chemotherapy,regardless of having bevacizumab,was generally tolerable and had promising antitumor activity for EGFR wild-type advanced NSCLC in first-line setting.Moreover,QL1706 plus chemotherapy and bevacizumab showed favorable antitumor activity for patients who had EGFR mutated NSCLC but failed in TKI therapy,demonstrating a potential for treating this population.

Isolation and Identification of Four Strains of Salmonella and Drug Susceptibility Test

In order to isolate and identify the pathogenic bacteria causing dead chickens in a chicken farm in Qinhuangdao area, the liver, heart and other organs of dead chickens suspected of salmonella disease were collected aseptically, and streaked on SS agar medium and chromagar medium. Transparent colonies were observed on SS agar medium, and purple and transparent colonies on CAS medium. The isolate was conducted purification, staining microscopy, biochemical tests, and 16 S rRNA sequence analysis, and the results showed that four strains of the isolated bacte-ria were salmonella. The 16 S rRNA sequence analysis of four strains of salmonella showed that the isolates shared more than 99% homology. Drug susceptibility test was performed using paper method, and the results showed that most of the strains were resistant to tilmicosin, cefradine and sul-famethoxazole, but were sensitive to ceftriaxone.

Different fates of avermectin and artemisinin in China

The 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Youyou Tu,William C.Campbell and Satoshiōmura for the discoveries of artemisinin and avermectin.Their efficacy on parasitic disease treatment won the recognition of the whole world once again,revealing the dawning of the second＂Golden age＂in the development of natural products（http：//dwz.cn/2u0Rb E）.

Safety and activity of WX-0593(Iruplinalkib)in patients with ALK-or ROS1-rearranged advanced non-small cell lung cancer:a phase 1 dose-escalation and dose-expansion trial

WX-0593(Iruplinalkib)is a novel,highly selective oral ALK and ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI).In this study,the safety,antitumor activity,and pharmacokinetics of WX-0593 were evaluated in advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients with ALK or ROS1 rearrangement.In the dose-escalation phase and dose-expansion phase,patients were treated with WX-0593 until disease progression,unacceptable toxicity,or subject withdrawal.In the dose-escalation phase,the primary endpoints were maximum tolerated dose(MTD),dose-limiting toxicity(DLT),and safety assessed by investigators.In the dose-expansion phase,the primary endpoint was objective response rate(ORR)assessed by investigators.Between September 25,2017 and October 15,2018,a total of 153 patients received WX-0593 treatment.Two dose-limiting toxicities(DLTs)including one grade 3 QT interval prolonged and one grade 2 chronic heart failure were reported at the dose of 300 mg in one patient.MTD was not reached.Overall,140 of the 152(92%)patients experienced treatment-related adverse events(TRAEs)and 35 of the 152(23%)patients had TRAEs≥grade 3.The overall ORR was 59.3%(32 of 54)for the dose-escalation phase and 56.6%(56 of 99)for the dose-expansion phase.For patients who were ALK-rearranged and ALK TKI naive,the ORR were 81.0%(17 of 21)in the dose-escalation phase and 76.3%(29 of 38)in the dose-expansion phase,and for patients who previously received crizotinib as the only ALK TKI,the ORR were 38.1%(8 of 21)and 45.7%(21 of 46)for the two phases,respectively.For patients who were ROS1-rearranged,the ORR were 30.0%(3 of 10)in the dose-escalation phase and 44.4%(4 of 9)in the dose-expansion phase.WX-0593 showed favorable safety and promising antitumor activity in advanced NSCLC patients with ALK or ROS1 rearrangement.

Standard:Human intestinal cancer organoids

Intestinal cancer is one of the most frequent and lethal types of cancer.Modeling intestinal cancer using organoids has emerged in the last decade.Human intestinal cancer organoids are physiologically relevant in vitro models,which provides an unprecedented opportunity for fundamental and applied research in colorectal cancer.“Human intestinal cancer organoids”is the first set of guidelines on human intestinal organoids in China,jointly drafted and agreed by the experts from the Chinese Society for Cell Biology and its branch society:the Chinese Society for Stem Cell Research.This standard specifies terms and definitions,technical requirements,test methods for human intestinal cancer organoids,which apply to the production and quality control during the process of manufacturing and testing of human intestinal cancer organoids.It was released by the Chinese Society for Cell Biology on 24 September 2022.We hope that the publication of this standard will guide institutional establishment,acceptance and execution of proper practocal protocols,and accelerate the international standardization of human intestinal cancer organoids for clinical development and therapeutic applications.

Standard:Human intestinal organoids

Organoids have attracted great interest for disease modelling,drug discovery and development,and tissue growth and homeostasis investigations.However,lack of standards for quality control has become a prominent obstacle to limit their translation into clinic and other applications.“Human intestinal organoids”is the first guideline on human intestinal organoids in China,jointly drafted and agreed by the experts from the Chinese Society for Cell Biology and its branch society:the Chinese Society for Stem Cell Research.This standard specifies terms and definitions,technical requirements,test methods,inspection rules for human intestinal organoids,which is applicable to quality control during the process of manufacturing and testing of human intestinal organoids.It was originally released by the Chinese Society for Cell Biology on 24 September 2022.We hope that the publication of this standard will guide institutional establishment,acceptance and execution of proper practical protocols and accelerate the international standardization of human intestinal organoids for applications.